Nonring Moiety Of One Molecule Bonded To Nonring Moiety Of Other, E.g., Polystyrene, Etc. Patents (Class 585/428)
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Patent number: 4645615Abstract: A functional fluid composition is provided suitable for high shear applications employing a major amount of a tertiary-butylphenyl/phenyl phosphate and a minor amount of a polyol ester as a base stock and a homopolymer of polystyrene having a molecular weight between 200,000 and 300,000.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 1986Date of Patent: February 24, 1987Assignee: FMC CorporationInventor: Harry N. Drake
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Patent number: 4596896Abstract: The self condensation of monovinyl aromatic compounds to acyclic dimers, the cross-reaction of monovinyl aromatic compounds with olefins in the presence of acid catalysts to produce cyclialkylated aromatic compounds, and the production of cyclialkylated aromatic compounds by reaction of olefins with acyclic dimers of monovinyl aromatic compounds in the presence of acid catalysts is improved by employing a tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide solvent.Type: GrantFiled: June 3, 1985Date of Patent: June 24, 1986Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: Raymond L. Cobb
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Patent number: 4571443Abstract: Certain benzylic and allylic compounds are catalytically oxidatively dehydrodimerized wherein the molecular oxygen oxidant is separated from the substrate by a gas impervious catalyst membrane that conducts oxide ions from the surface of the catalyst membrane wall to the opposite surface thereof which is in contact with the substrate.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 1985Date of Patent: February 18, 1986Assignee: The Standard Oil CompanyInventors: Robert DiCosimo, James D. Burrington, Robert K. Grasselli
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Patent number: 4532369Abstract: A process for the preparation of [2,2]-paracyclophane comprises contacting aqueous p-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, and preferably in the further presence of an inert water-immiscible organic solvent.Type: GrantFiled: October 28, 1983Date of Patent: July 30, 1985Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter HaftungInventor: Hartmut Hartner
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Patent number: 4526711Abstract: Formulations for use as mounting media in microscopy and also useful as optical coupling materials for fibers and lens systems having a wide range of refractive index between 1.58 to 1.73 and exhibiting a range in viscosity from a very viscous fluid to a semi-solid resin or melt. The material is selected from brominated diphenyl oxides and modified or unmodified alpha-methylstyrene polymers. These materials can be employed individually or blended together with a stabilizer to provide a host of materials having different refractive indexes within said range and useful in various optical systems.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 1983Date of Patent: July 2, 1985Assignee: R. P. Cargille Laboratories, Inc.Inventors: Robert L. Sacher, William J. Sacher
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Patent number: 4517397Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for the oxidative dimerization of toluene, comprising a composition represented by the general formula:Tl.sub.l M.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.cwhereinM represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; M' represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, zinc, aluminum, gallium, indium and antimony;a is 0.05 to 15;b is 0.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 1984Date of Patent: May 14, 1985Assignee: Kureha Kaguku Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Takashi Terauchi, Koji Sato, Shoichi Hoshi
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Patent number: 4460705Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for the oxidative dimerization of toluene, comprising a composition represented by the general formula:Tl.sub.1 M.sub.a M'.sub.b O.sub.cwhereinM represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; M' represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, zinc, aluminum, gallium, indium and antimony;a is 0.05 to 15;b is 0.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1982Date of Patent: July 17, 1984Assignee: Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Takashi Terauchi, Koji Sato, Shoichi Hoshi
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Patent number: 4454363Abstract: A process for preparing a metal oxygen composition capable of dehydrocoupling toluene wherein metal oxides such as Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, PbO, and Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 are admixed with an organic media such as isobutanol and heated to form a metal oxygen precursor composition which is recovered and calcined is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 1982Date of Patent: June 12, 1984Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Harry H. Teng, I-Der Huang, Hsuan L. Labowsky
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Patent number: 4443641Abstract: Attrition resistant bismuth-containing metal/oxygen compositions comprising the infusion and reaction product of an alumina existing in a crystal form selected from the group consisting of .gamma., .delta., .eta., and .chi. crystal forms, and mixtures thereof or that can be transformed by heat to such crystal forms, and characterized by a mean particle size from about 10 .mu.m to about 200 .mu.m, a fractional porosity of at least 0.2, a surface area of at least 150 m.sup.2 /g, and a pore diameter such that at least 10 percent of the pores are less than 55 .ANG., and at least one bismuth oxide, or compound convertible by heat to such bismuth oxide, having a maximum mean particle size of about 100 .mu.m, with the proviso that the alumina/bismuth oxide mean particle size ratio is at least 2, which bismuth oxide is susceptible of undergoing infusion and reaction with the alumina upon being subjected to temperatures of at least 0.4 T.sub.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1983Date of Patent: April 17, 1984Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Robert A. Keppel, Emerson H. Lee, George D. Davis
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Patent number: 4443642Abstract: Attrition resistant metal/oxygen compositions comprising the infusion and reaction product of an alumina existing in a crystal form selected from the group consisting of .gamma., .delta., .eta., and .chi. crystal forms, and mixtures thereof, or that can be transformed by heat to such crystal forms, and characterized by a mean particle size from about 10 .mu.m to about 200 .mu.m, a fractional porosity of at least 0.2, a surface area of at least 150 m.sup.2 /g, and a pore diameter such that at least 10 percent of the pores are less than 55 .ANG., and at least one metal oxide, or compound convertible by heat to such metal oxide, having a maximum mean particle size of about 100 .mu.m, with the proviso that the alumina/metal oxide mean particle size ratio is at least 2, which metal oxide is susceptible of undergoing infusion and reaction with the alumina upon being subjected to temperatures of at least 0.4 T.sub.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 1983Date of Patent: April 17, 1984Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Robert A. Keppel, Samuel J. Tremont, Emerson H. Lee, George D. Davis
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Patent number: 4438021Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst suitable for dehydrocoupling of toluene or xylene, represented by the general formula (I):M.sub.a Tl.sub.b O.sub.c (I),wherein M represents yttrium, zinc or zirconium; a denotes a number in a range of 0.25 to 5, b denotes 1, and c denotes a number necessary for fulfilling the respective average atomic valencies of M and Tl in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition represented by the formula (I), and a process for dehydrocoupling of toluene or xylene in the presence of the catalyst represented by the general formula (I).Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1982Date of Patent: March 20, 1984Assignee: Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Yoshio Okada, Takashi Terauchi, Makoto Naoki, Masatoshi Hino
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Patent number: 4429174Abstract: A process for dehydrocoupling a hydrocarbon, such as toluene, using oxygen as the oxidant, in the presence of a crystalline zeolite of the faujasite structure containing a cation such as cesium, and a promoter, such as boron and/or phosphorus is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1982Date of Patent: January 31, 1984Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Harry H. Teng, I-Der Huang
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Patent number: 4400567Abstract: Highly selective oxidative coupling of aromatic methyl groups, such as coupling toluene to DPE, is effected under mild, liquid phase conditions with a peroxodisulfate without expensive metal ion catalysts, in presence of substantial amounts, preferably equimolar, of methyl, ethyl or benzyl substituted quaternary ammonium salts. A continuous process is possible by electrolytic regeneration of the spent oxidant.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1982Date of Patent: August 23, 1983Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Theodorus M. Wortel, Jan H. Schutten
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Patent number: 4320243Abstract: At least one of propene and butene is oligomerized, preferably dimerized, in an elongate cylindrical reaction zone. A recycle flow and the fresh feed charge are injected tangentially into said reaction zone. The catalyst preferably comprises a nickel compound and a hydrocarbyl aluminum halide.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 1979Date of Patent: March 16, 1982Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Yves Chauvin, Jean Gaillard, Gerard Leger, Hugo Van Landeghem
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Patent number: 4278825Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is bismuth, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from indium, silver, Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from zinc, germanium, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: July 14, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson
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Patent number: 4278824Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead, M.sup.2 is bismuth, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, indium, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: July 14, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson, Arthur J. Solodar
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Patent number: 4278826Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead, M.sup.2 is antimony, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, gallium, arsenic, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: July 14, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson, Arthur J. Solodar
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Patent number: 4268704Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 M.sub.c.sup.3 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from thallium and Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and M.sup.3 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, phosphorus, arsenic, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, c is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1, M.sup.2, and M.sup.3 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: May 19, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson, Arthur J. Solodar
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Patent number: 4268703Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from thallium and Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: May 19, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Alex N. Williamson, Samuel J. Tremont
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Patent number: 4255602Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is cobalt and M.sup.2 is lanthanum, and wherein a is 1, b is 1 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson
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Patent number: 4255603Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is thorium and M.sup.2 is an element selected from copper and Group 2b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Alex N. Williamson, Samuel J. Tremont
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Patent number: 4255604Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is lead and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from silver, zinc, phosphorus, arsenic, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.32 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-contining gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Alex N. Williamson, Samuel J. Tremont, Arthur J. Solodar
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Patent number: 4254293Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is bismuth and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from zinc, germanium, thorium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 1a, 3b, 4b, and 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10 and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: March 3, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson
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Patent number: 4254292Abstract: A method for preparing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with excellent yield and selectivity but without the formation of cyclic dimers and other undesirable by-products. In the method of the present invention, styrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, .beta.-methylstyrene and/or vinyltoluene is dimerized and/or codimerized to produce unsaturated dimer and/or codimer in the first step reaction and said unsaturated dimer and/or codimer is caused to react with an aromatic hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons in the second step reaction, and both the first and second step reactions are carried out in the presence of a catalyst which is represented by the general formula: RCF.sub.2 SO.sub.3 H, in which the symbol R is Cl, F or C.sub.n F.sub.p CL.sub.2n+1-p, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3 and p is also an integer from 1 to 2n+1.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1979Date of Patent: March 3, 1981Assignee: Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.Inventors: Isoo Shimizu, Okitsugu Tsuji, Eiichi Matsuzaka, Atsushi Sato
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Patent number: 4247727Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is bismuth and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from indium, silver, Group 2a of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 100, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: January 27, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tremont, Alex N. Williamson
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Patent number: 4243825Abstract: Toluene dehydrocoupled products are produced by heating toluene in the vapor phase with an inorganic metal/oxygen composition which functions as an oxygen carrier and has the empirical formula:M.sub.a.sup.1 M.sub.b.sup.2 O.sub.xwhere M.sup.1 is thallium and M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from arsenic, antimony, thorium, uranium, the lanthanides or rare earths, Groups 3b, 4b, 5b, and 7b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and mixtures thereof, and wherein a is 1, b is 0.01 to 10, and x is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition. Alternatively, the same inorganic metal/oxygen composition can be employed as a catalyst or as a combination catalyst/oxygen carrier for the dehydrocoupling reaction when oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas is heated with the toluene.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1979Date of Patent: January 6, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Alex N. Williamson, Samuel J. Tremont
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Patent number: 4161573Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making polystyrene with M.sub.w between about 1,000 and about 50,000 and M.sub.w /M.sub.n ratio of less than about 8 by cationically polymerizing styrene monomer under substantially isothermal conditions where the conversion of styrene monomer is carried out in 2 or more stages by contacting with a cation generator. The polystyrene product finds utility as plasticizer for high molecular weight polystyrenes, as a binder resin in various coating applications, and as a precursor for further functionalized polystyrene derivatives. For example, a polystyrene of about 13,000 M.sub.w and M.sub.w /M.sub.n of about 4.9 is prepared by contacting styrene monomer with BF.sub.3 in 4 stages between a temperature of about 60.degree. C. and about 80.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1977Date of Patent: July 17, 1979Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Jeffrey A. Gunsher, Joseph L. Garner, Conrad O. M. Miller