Abstract: An improved MTG process for converting lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 oxygenates, such as methanol, to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons is disclosed which is capable of obtaining improved cycle average gasoline yields and improved catalyst life by programming the methanol WHSV from high values at essentially quantitative methanol conversion at the start of a cycle to low values at essentially quantitative methanol conversion at the end of a cycle.

Abstract: A catalytic conversion process for reacting lower aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 oxygenates, such as methanol, to produce gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons. Improved cycle average gasoline yield is sustained without a substantial reduction in cycle average gasoline octane number by selectively programming the conversion reactor inlet temperature during a process cycle.

Abstract: A process for introducing a exothermic reactant vapor stream to an adiabatic catalyst zone comprising the steps of: preheating a volatile liquid exothermic reactant stream below its autogenous temperature under process pressure; contacting the preheated liquid reactant stream in a saturator unit with a hot diluent gas to vaporize the reactant stream in gaseous mixture with the diluent stream; directing the gaseous mixture from the saturator unit to the catalyst zone for exothermic conversion of the reactant under substantially adiabatic reaction conditions in the presence of diluent gas; recovering reaction products and diluent gas from the catalyst zone; separating diluent gas from the products, compressing and recycling the diluent gas to the saturator unit.

Abstract: A process for preparing a zeolite, e.g. ZSM-5, under controlled conditions of initial pH adjustment with an acid, SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 mole ratio, and in the presence of sodium cations, is disclosed, as well as a process for using the same to synthesize olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A methanol-to-gasoline (MTG type) conversion process in which the conversion is conducted in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. A C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon diluent is generated from the effluent in a series of steps and recycled to the fixed bed reactor in order to dissipate the heat of reaction.

Abstract: Siliceous zeolites, particularly those of the ZSM-5 type having a crystal size of less than one micron have their activity enhanced for the conversion of alcohols and ethers to olefins by steaming.

Abstract: A methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) catalytic conversion system in which the conversion is conducted in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. A C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbon diluent is generated from pressurized liquid effluent and recycled to the fixed bed reactor in order to dissipate the heat of reaction.

Abstract: An integrated process for the conversion of methanol to high octane gasoline and distillate. Methanol is converted to olefins in the presence of zeolite type catalyst. C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 olefin fraction is converted to MTBE and TAME in the presence of excess methanol and acid etherification catalyst. Unreacted methanol and hydrocarbons are passed to an olefins to gasoline and distillate oligomerization unit in conjunction with C.sub.3, C.sub.6 and C.sub.7 olefins from the methanol to olefins unit whereby distillate and LPG products are produced. Gasoline products from the oligomerization unit are passed to the etherification unit whereby an ether-rich gasoline fraction is separated.

Abstract: This invention relates to acid catalysis, e.g. cracking, of organic compound feedstock, e.g. hydrocarbons, over catalyst material treated in a special way for increasing the acid catalytic activity thereof. In particular, a novel catalyst activation process is followed to enhance the alpha value of high-silica zeolite catalyst by contact with an ammoniacal solution of ammonium hydroxide and an alkali metal aluminate under appropriate conditions of time, temperature of pH.

Abstract: A process for converting crude aqueous methanol feedstock or the like to olefinic hydrocarbons in contact with a medium pore shape selective crystalline acid zeolite catalyst, wherein the improvement comprises contacting the aqueous methanol feedstock with a liquid propane-rich hydrocarbon extractant under liquid extraction conditions, recovering an aqueous phase containing the major amount of water introduced with the feedstock, recovering an organic extract phase comprising the hydrocarbon extractant and a portion of methanol introduced in the feedstock, and converting the extracted methanol at elevated temperature under catalytic reaction conditions to produce predominantly olefinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for using hydrogen-containing gas to regenerate a zeolite catalyst comprising at least some crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitic material having pore windows formed by 8-membered rings of oxygen atoms, e.g., ZSM-34, which has been used to promote conversion of methanol and/or methyl ether to light olefins. Contact of such catalysts with hydrogen-containing gas such as hydrogen or synthesis gas at particular regeneration temperatures and pressures can restore the activity of such catalysts either in the presence or absence of organic reactants without forming potentially catalyst-damaging by-products such as water.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a method for preparing lower olefins by bringing methanol and/or dimethyl ether into contact with a catalyst in a gaseous phase. In this method, the contact between the methanol and/or dimethyl ether and the catalyst is carried out at a weight hourly space velocity of 0.1 to 20 hr.sup.-1 at a reaction temperature of 300.degree. to 650.degree. C. under a total pressure of 0.1 to 100 atm by the use of, as the catalyst, an alkaline earth metal-modified alkaline earth metal-containing zeolite catalyst; the alkaline earth metal-modified alkaline earth metal-containing zeolite catalyst being prepared as disclosed in the Specification by modifying an alkaline earth metal-containing aluminoborosilicate so that the alkaline earth metal in an amount of at least 0.25% by weight in terms of the metal may be mixed with or supported in the zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for producing hydrocarbons which comprises bringing oxygen-containing compounds into contact with a catalyst, said catalyst being a crystalline aluminosilicate, when determined after calcination in the air at 550.degree. C., having a composition represented by the following formula (I):pM.sub.2/n O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.qSiO.sub.2 (I)(wherein M represents at least one element selected from hydrogen, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals, n represents the valence of M, and p and q each represent a molar ratio and are chosen within the ranges of 0.05.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.3.0, 5.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.500) and has a principal X-ray diffraction pattern as set forth in Table 1.

Abstract: A zirconium, hafnium, cerium or uranium promoted cobalt catalyst and process for the conversion of methanol or synthesis gas to hydrocarbons. Methanol is contacted, preferably with added hydrogen, over said catalyst, or synthesis gas is contacted over said catalyst to produce, at reaction conditions, an admixture of C.sub.10 + linear paraffins and olefins. These hydrocarbons can be further refined to high quality middle distillate fuels, and other valuable products such as mogas, diesel fuel, and jet fuel, particularly premium middle distillate fuels of carbon number ranging to about C.sub.20.

Abstract: An improved process is described for converting propane to more valuable hydrocarbons such as butanes and C.sub.5.sup.+ aliphatics over an acidic catalyst having the structure of ZSM-5 by adding a mono- olefin to the propane feed.

Abstract: The process for the production of light olefins from a feedstock comprising at least an aliphatic hetero compound comprising contacting said feedstock in the presence of an aromatic diluent with a non-zeolitic molecular sieve at effective process conditions to produce light olefins.

Abstract: A rhenium promoted cobalt catalyst, especially a rhenium and thoria promoted cobalt catalyst, and process for the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons. Methanol is contacted, preferably with added hydrogen, over said catalyst, or synthesis gas is contacted over said catalyst to produce, at reaction conditions, an admixture of C.sub.10 + linear paraffins and olefins. These hydrocarbons can be further refined to high quality middle distillate fuels, and other valuable products such as mogas, diesel fuel, jet fuel, lubes and speciality solvents, particularly premium middle distillate fuels of carbon number ranging from about C.sub.10 to about C.sub.20.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved Wittig reaction processes wherein the Wittig reaction is conducted in an anisole containing solvent.

Abstract: A multistage process for producing isoalkyl ethers from lower aliphatic oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol. Feedstock is catalytically converted in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature in contact with zeolite catalyst to predominantly C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 lower olefins comprising isobutylene and isoamylene, by-product water and a minor amount of C.sub.8.sup.+ hydrocarbons, followed by fractionation of the C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 olefins to recover a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -rich recycle stream for further catalytic conversion in the primary stage. C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 olefins are passed to a second catalytic etherification stage for reaction of isoalkenes with methanol to produce methyl tertiary-butyl ether, methyl isoamylether and higher isoalkyl ethers. The second stage effluent may be fractionated to recover an ether product, C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon liquid product, and unreacted butenes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for obtaining ethylene from anhydrous or aqueous ethanol by means of a catalyst of the crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite type of natural or synthetic origin.

Abstract: The acidity of a zeolite catalyst is reduced by calcination in an essentially water-free atmosphere at temperatures above 700.degree. C., preferably from 725.degree. to 800.degree. C., to reduce the alpha value to less than 10 percent of its original value. The low acidity catalysts produced in this way may be used for conversions requiring low acidity, shape selective catalysis, including conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbons. The calcined, low acidity catalysts exhibit improved selectivity to certain desired products.

Abstract: A process for converting crude aqueous methanol feedstock to liquid hydrocarbons in contact witha medium pore shape selective crystalline acid zeolite catalyst, such as HZSM-5. In a preferred embodiment, the novel technique comprises the steps of: (a) contacting a crude methanol feedstock containing a minor amount of water with a liquid hydrocarbon extraction stream under extraction conditions favorable to selective extraction of the methanol, thereby providing an extract liquid stream rich in methanol and an aqueous raffinate stream lean in methanol; (b) charging the extracted methanol substantially free of water to said reaction zone under process conditions to convert substantially all methanol to hydrocarbons; (c) cooling reaction effluent to recover aqueous liquid byproduct stream, gas rich in C.sub.2.sup.- hydrocarbons, liquid rich in C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 and C.sub.5.sup.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising oxygenates to product comprising hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising zeolite ZSM-58.

Abstract: Ethylene, other light olefins and gasoline are produced from ethanol, or a mixture of ethanol/light alcohols or water over a pentasil-type zeolite into which zinc and manganese are preferably incorporated. The ethylene yield is linearly proportional to the ethanol content in the feed. No ethers and only insignificant amounts of light parafins are produced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel crystalline silicate useful as a catalyst for various organic reactions such as polymerization of organic compounds, alkylation, isomerization, disproportionation and the like, which has a chemical composition represented by the general formula in the terms of mole ratios of oxides under dehydrated state,(0.1-2)R.sub.2/n O. [aLa.sub.2 O.sub.3.bCe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ].ySiO.sub.2in which R is at least one mono- or divalent cation, n is the valence of R, M is at least one trivalent transition metal ion and/or aluminum ion, and a+b=1, a.gtoreq.0, b.gtoreq.0, and y.gtoreq.12.

Abstract: An ethanol fermentation process in which an aqueous solution of fermentable sugar is converted by an ethanol-producing microorganism such as a yeast to a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol with the ethanol being present in the solution at a concentration which does not exceed a predetermined maximum level, wherein ethanol present in the solution is selectively sorbed within a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite so that the non-sorbed ethanol present in the solution does not exceed the predetermined maximum level of concentration therein, and thereafter exposing the ethanol-containing zeolite to ethanol conversion conditions to effect conversion of the ethanol to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multistage process for converting lower aliphatic oxygeanated hydrocarbon feedstock to hydrocarbon product rich in benzene, toluene and/or xylene which comprises:contacting said oxygenated hydrocarbons in a primary stage with a medium pore shape selective acidic zeolite to an intermediate hydrocarbon product comprising predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbons;contacting at least a portion of the aliphatic hydrocarbons from the primary stage with a secondary stage catalyst comprising gallium-promoted medium pore shape selective zeolite characterized by a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and a silica to alumina ratio of about 20 to 100:1; thereby producing benzene, toluene and/or xylene.

Abstract: Synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide) is converted to hydrocarbons by flowing the gas first over iron-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and then over a zeolite. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst contains relatively little nitrogen as a result of its preparation by continuous precipitation at a pH ranging from about 6.6 to 6.9 and a temperature ranging from about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A multistage process for producing ethers from lower aliphatic oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol. Feedstock is catalytically converted in a primary catalyst stage at elevated temperature in contact with zeolite catalyst to predominantly C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 lower olefins comprising isobutylene and isoamylene, by-product water and a minor amount of C.sub.6.sup.+ hydrocarbons, followed by fractionation of the C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins to recover a C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -rich recycle stream for further catalytic conversion in the primary stage. C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 olefins are passed to a second catalytic etherification stage for reaction of isoalkenes with methanol to produce methyl tertiary-butyl ether and methyl isoamylether. The second stage effluent may be fractionated to recover an ether product, C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon liquid product, and unreacted butenes.

Abstract: The waxy liquid phase of an oil suspension of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing dissolved wax is separated out and the wax is converted by hydrocracking, dewaxing or by catalytic cracking with a low activity catalyst to provide a highly olefinic product which may be further converted to premium quality gasoline and/or distillate fuel.

Abstract: A method for producing a compound having a double bond at an end of the molecule, comprising the dehydrating reaction of a compound represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 hydrogen group having optionally double bonds, in the presence of a zirconium oxide catalyst treated with alkali solution.

Abstract: The process for the production of light olefins from a feedstock comprising at least an aliphatic hetero compound comprising contacting said feedstock in the presence of an aromatic diluent with a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve at effective process conditions to produce light olefins.

Abstract: The process for the production of light olefins from a feedstock comprising at least an aliphatic hetero compound comprising contacting said feedstock with a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve of U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,871 at effective process conditions to produce light olefins.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for obtaining ethylene from anhydrous or aqueous ethanol by means of a catalyst of the zeolite type containing a silicate of a metal M1 having a valence of 3 and 4 and a tetraedric coordination and containing possibly another charge compensating metal M2 selected among the elements of the Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, VIb, VIIb and VIII groups of the Mendeljev Table. As examples of M2 metals, the alkaline metals, the alkaline-earth metals and the lanthanides may be cited.According to the invention, anhydrous or aqueous ethanol is contacted with a catalyst of the above type, in which the ratio (M1-M2/n)/(Si+M1)(in which II is the valence of said other metal) is at most equal to 1.5%. The temperature of the catalyst and the contact time of ethanol with said catalyst are such that the conversion rate of ethanol into ethylene is about 100% and the carbon selectivity for ethylene is at least equal to about 99% by weight.

Abstract: The ion-exchange capacity and acid catalytic activity of a ZSM-5 type zeolite are increased by treatment of a physical mixture of the zeolite and an inorganic oxide with water in the presence of an alkali metal cation.Specifically, the catalyst is prepared by contacting a mixture of a crystalline zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio above 12 and a Constraint Index between about 1 and about 12, and a solid source of aluminum with liquid water in the presence of an activating amount of an alkali metal cation and under a combination of conditions including a temperature up to about 370.degree. C. for less than about an hour to about 100 hours to induce increased activity to the zeolite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a methanol-containing feed to a light olefin-containing product over a ZSM-12 zeolite catalyst, preferably modified by incorporation of either magnesium, manganese or both magnesium and manganese. By using such Mg and/or Mn-modified ZSM-12 zeolite catalysts, methanol and/or methyl ether can be converted to an olefin-containing hydrocarbon product enriched in C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 olefins and especially enriched in the particular light olefin propylene.

Abstract: Feedstock comprising oxygenates is converted to product comprising hydrocarbons over catalyst having been prepared by reacting a high-silica zeolite with an acidic inorganic oxide in the presence of water.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reducing the amount of water in the feed to a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) conversion reactor is described. The output products of a dehydration reactor and an aqueous methanol feed are supplied to a primary distillation tower or separator. A dimethylether (DME)/methanol mixture is taken as overhead from the primary tower and can be sent to the MTG conversion reactor to produce hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range. Bottoms from the primary tower, containing methanol and water, are supplied to a secondary distillation tower or separator. A methanol stream is drawn as overhead from the secondary tower and is passed to an acid catalyzed dehydration reactor where an equilibrium mixture of dimethylether, methanol, and water is produced. The equilibrium mixture is passed from the dehydration reactor to the primary distillation tower. In preferred embodiments, the conversion reactor feed from the primary distillation tower may be of a gaseous or liquid phase.

Abstract: A feedstock of low molecular weight oxygenates such as methanol and/or dimethylether is contacted with a mildly presteamed or hydro-thermally treated zeolite catalyst in a reaction zone to produce liquid hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range. The pretreated zeolite catalyst has an .alpha.-value (acid cracking activity) substantially the same as the .alpha.-value of fresh unsteamed catalyst and shows increased stability and resistance to aging under oxygenate conversion conditions of elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: The crystalline silicophosphoaluminate designated MCM-10 catalyzes various processes for modifying organic compounds, particularly the cracking of hydrocarbons and the conversion of alcohols and ethers to olefins.

Abstract: A method for increasing the total amount of lattice metal in the framework of a particular porous inorganic crystalline composition, its conversion to hydrogen or hydronium form and use thereof as a catalyst component having enhanced catalytic activity for conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbons is provided.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting oxygenates to hydrocarbons over catalyst prepared by a method for reactivating a catalyst composition comprising a crystalline zeolite material having a silicon/aluminum atomic ratio of at least about 2, said catalyst composition having been deactivated by contact with steam. The catalyst preparation method involves contacting said steam-deactivated catalyst composition with an aluminum compound at elevated temperature, and contacting said aluminum compound contacted catalyst composition with an aqueous acid solution.

Abstract: A process for improving the catalyst life of zeolites employed in the conversion of alcohols (e.g. methanol) and/or their ether derivatives (e.g. dimethyl ether) wherein a suitable zeolite is modified in a 2-stage procedure by providing a controlled low amount of a coke precursor deposit on the external surface of the zeolite, and then heating this treated zeolite in an inert gas at specifically controlled temperatures for a minimum time is disclosed. A process of employing this modified zeolite to produce lower olefins is also disclosed.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated by interstage sorption of C.sub.3 + components and an isoparaffin is alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins.The improved technique comprises fractionating an olefinic feedstream containing ethene and C.sub.3 + olefinic components by contacting the olefinic feedstream in a sorption zone with a liquid hydrocarbon sorbent to selectively sorb C.sub.3 + components; reacting C.sub.3 + olefins with excess isoparaffin in a catalytic alkylation reactor to produce C.sub.7 + alkylate hydrocarbons; fractionating the alkylation reactor effluent to provide a liquid hydrocarbon fraction rich in C.sub.4 + isoparaffin for recycle to the sorption zone as lean sorbent; and recovering C.sub.7 + alkylate product from the process.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated by interstage sorption of C.sub.3 + components and an isoparaffin is alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins derived from sorbate.The improved technique comprises fractionating an olefinic feedstream containing ethene and C.sub.3 + olefinic components by contacting the olefinic feedstream in a sorption zone with a liquid hydrocarbon sorbent to selectively sorb C.sub.3 + components; reacting C.sub.3 + olefins with excess isoparaffin in a catalytic alkylation reactor to produce C.sub.7 + alkylate hydrocarbons; fractionating the alkylation reactor effluent to provide a liquid hydrocarbon fraction rich in C.sub.7 +, alkylate for recycle to the sorption zone as lean sorbent; and recovering C.sub.7 + alkylate product and C.sub.5 + gasoline from the process.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising dominantly C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated from primary stage effluent by interstage sorption of C.sub.3 + components which may be upgraded. Isoparaffin may be alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins in a secondary stage.The improved technique comprises fractionating an olefinic feedstream containing ethene and C.sub.3 + olefinic components by contacting the olefinic feedstream in a sorption zone with a liquid hydrocarbon sorbent to selectively sorb C.sub.3 + components;wherein the sorbent is obtained by condensing C.sub.5 + aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon from the primary stage.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is described in which methanol is a coreactant with gas oil in combination with a small amount (catalyst/oil 0.01) of a dispersed, very fine, and highly active catalyst powder, such as ZSM-5B. The methanol is preferably admixed with the catalyst before admixture with the oil in order to protect the catalyst from adsorption of poisonous compounds (e.g., nitrogenous compounds) during the initial stages of the reaction, particularly if the methanol is insoluble in a non-polar hydrocarbon feed. The premixed materials are fed into a riser reactor. The residence time in the reactor is 6-15 seconds. Preferably, the catalyst is not regenerated. The quantity of methanol is maintained so that its exothermic reaction is approximately heat balanced with the endothermic catalytic cracking reaction.

Abstract: Alkylate is produced by catalytically converting oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol, to lower olefins comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins. Ethene is separated for recycle and an isoparaffin is alkylated with C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 olefins.

Abstract: Substitution of aluminum or gallium for boron or iron contained in the framework of a high silica content zeolite is effected by treating the zeolite in liquid water in the presence of a compound of aluminum or gallium. Catalyst comprising the treated zeolite is used for conducting acid-catalyzed reactions of organic compounds, e.g. cracking of hydrocarbon compounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising oxygenates to product comprising hydrocarbons over a catalyst composition prepared by compositing a high silica zeolite having a Constraint Index of from 1 to 12 with binder, followed by treating the composite under conditions effective for increasing the catalytic activity of the composition.