Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of 3-methylbut-1-ene from a hydrocarbon stream I comprising isobutene by feeding a hydrocarbon stream II which comprises at least 70% by mass of isobutene in relation to the olefins present in the hydrocarbon stream and which has been obtained from hydrocarbon stream I or is identical to it to a process step for hydroformylation in which isobutene is hydroformylated in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, hydrogenating the aldehyde obtained from the hydroformylation of isobutene to the corresponding alcohol and preparing 3-methylbut-1-ene by water elimination from the alcohol.

Abstract: A method for producing an internal olefin by stably isomerizing an ?-olefin by using an inexpensive zeolite catalyst while preventing an oligomerization reaction is provided. The method for producing an internal olefin comprises a step of isomerizing an ?-olefin having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms by passing through a zeolite catalyst bed, wherein the ?-olefin having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms is circulated through and brought into contact with the zeolite catalyst bed before starting the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing olefins in olefin-comprising hydrocarbon mixtures having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms at temperatures of from 20 to 200° C. and pressures of from 1 to 200 bar in the liquid phase in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein a catalyst comprising from 1 to 20% by weight of nickel in oxidic form and from 1 to 20% by weight of at least one element of group VIB on an aluminum oxide support is used.

Abstract: A process of contacting at least one isoparaffin and at least one C5 olefin in the presence of a catalyst composition under conversion conditions to provide for converting the at least one isoparaffin and the at least one C5 olefin is provided. The catalyst composition contains a heteropoly acid, zinc, and a support component.

Abstract: A catalytic distillation process for isomerizing and separating 1-alkenes from a mixed alkene stream. The process comprises contacting a mixed alkene stream comprising the 1-alkene and homologs thereof with a supported isomerization catalyst under isomerization/distillation conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the homologs to the 1-alkene, the isomerization/distillation conditions also being effective to produce a distillation overhead comprising a sufficient portion of the 1-alkene to drive isomerization of the homologs to the 1-alkene while maintaining the mixed alkene stream at least partially in liquid phase. The isomerization/distillation conditions are effective to recover a quantity of 1-alkene greater than an equilibrium quantity of 1-alkene recovered under isomerization conditions alone.

Abstract: A composition defined: either as comprising at least one Broensted acid, designated HB, dissolved in a liquid medium with an ionic nature of general formula Q+A?, in which Q+ represents an organic cation and A? represents an anion that is different from B, or as resulting from dissolving at least one Broensted acid, designated HB, in a non-aqueous liquid medium with an ionic nature of general formula Q+A?, in which Q+ represents an organic cation and A? represents an anion that is identical to the anion B, can be used as a catalyst and solvent in acid catalysis processes, in particular in the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons, the oligomerization of olefins, the dimerization of isobutene, the alkylation of olefins by isoparaffins, the isomerization of n-paraffins into isoparaffins, the isomerization of n-olefins into iso-olefins, the isomerization of the double bond of an olefin and the purification of an olefin mixture that contains branched alpha olefins as impurities.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon or oxygenate conversion process in which a feedstock is contacted with a non zeolitic molecular sieve which has been treated to remove most, if not all, of the halogen contained in the catalyst. The halogen may be removed by one of several methods. One method includes heating the catalyst in a low moisture environment, followed by contacting the heated catalyst with air and/or steam. Another method includes steam-treating the catalyst at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C. The hydrocarbon or oxygenate conversion processes include the conversion of oxygenates to olefins, the conversion of oxygenates and ammonia to alkylamines, the conversion of oxygenates and aromatic compounds to alkylated aromatic compounds, cracking and dewaxing.

Abstract: An olefin isomerization process employs a basic metal oxide catalyst, such as magnesium oxide, which retains at least about 85 percent of its initial activity for at least about 168 hours of on-stream time. The catalyst is preferably a high purity magnesium oxide. The olefin isomerization process and catalyst described herein are advantageously used for the production of a terminal olefin such as 1-butene from an internal olefin such as 2-butene.

Abstract: The invention relates to economical and efficient methods for producing 2-methylene-3-methylbicyclo[2,2,1]heptane, 2,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and the like that are useful for materials of producing base oil of traction drive fluid for traction drive lubricating oil. The methods comprise reacting one or more C3-4 acyclic olefins with cyclopentadiene and isomerizing the resulting bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to give one or more bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives.

Abstract: A method for making alpha olefins from internal olefins using catalytic distillation techniques and an olefin double bond isomerization catalyst, and separately recovering said alpha olefins.

Abstract: A method for making alpha olefins from internal olefins using catalytic distillation techniques and an olefin double bond isomerization catalyst, and separately recovering said alpha olefins.

Abstract: Catalytic system for partial oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons characterized in that it contains:

Abstract: A catalytic composition comprising at least one nickel compound mixed or complexed with at least one tertiary phosphine or a phosphite carrying a functional group, at least partly dissolved in a non-aqueous medium with an ionic nature resulting from bringing at least one aluminum halide into contact with at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide is useful for dimerizing, co-dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins. Functional group include, but are not limited to, an amine, a cyclic amine, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, an ester, an acid, an alcohol, a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a sulfonium, a sulfonate or a phosphonate group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a practical, organic, blue-emitting EL device having a long life and having high luminous efficiency and good thermal stability. The device comprises organic compound layers, of which at least one is an organic blue-emitting layer, as sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, and is characterized in that the organic blue-emitting layer comprises an organic host compound having a fluorescence quantum efficiency of not smaller than 0.3 in a solid state and a fluorescent substance, and the organic host compound and the fluorescent substance are selected such that the device retains a monomeric blue-emitting ability, and that all the organic compound layers have a glass transition temperature of not lower than 75° C., while the organic compound layers adjacent to the organic blue-emitting layer have a glass transition temperature of not lower than 105° C.

Abstract: A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic feed compounds is provided comprising contacting the olefinic feed compounds and a catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce double bond isomerization, wherein the catalyst is an aluminophosphate-containing molecular sieve with pores having a diameter in the range of about 3.8 Å to about 5 Å. The process provides high conversion of normal alpha-olefins and high selectivity for linear internal olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic hydrocarbons produced by skeletal isomerization, and the isomerization process. The products are especially useful as the continuous phase of a drilling fluid, for example when prepared from C.sub.14 to C.sub.18 linear alpha-olefins via isomerization or hydroisomerization, and as lube oils.The present invention also relates to a process for producing synthetic hydrocarbons by skeletally isomerizing C.sub.12+ olefins over a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size molecular sieve, with or without Group VIII metals under skeletal isomerization conditions which result in little, preferably in substantially no, olefin cracking or oligomerization.

Abstract: Providing an isomerization process which can isomerize allenes to alkynes less expensively and stably is an assignment to be solved by the present invention and given thereto. The present invention is an isomerization process including the step of reacting an allene-lype hydrocarbon compound (R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.C.dbd.CR.sub.3 R.sub.4) in the presence of alkaline-earth metal hydride working as an isomerization catalyst, thereby isomerizing the allene-type hydrocarbon compound to an alkyne-type hydrocarbon compound (R.sub.1 C.ident.C--CR.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4).

Abstract: C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having an internal double bond can be produced by hydroisomerization of C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond in the presence of H.sub.2 on a catalyst having a content of a noble metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev), if C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond are fed into a hydroisomerization reactor after preheating, as such or in a mixture with other hydrocarbons, and the reaction product is divided into a work-up stream and a recycle stream. The recycle stream is recycled to the inlet of the hydroisomerization reactor and is used there as feed together with the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond or with the hydrocarbon stream comprising the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond and with the H.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for producing a synthetic hydrocarbon product is provided comprising contacting under isomerization conditions an olefin feed comprising linear olefins with a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size molecular sieve, wherein the catalyst is substantially free of Group VIII metals. The synthetic hydrocarbon product exhibits a low pour point and low toxicity to marine life.

Abstract: A composition and an olefin conversion process are disclosed. The composition comprises a zeolite having incorporated therein a coke-suppressing amount of a coke suppressor selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, phosphorus oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The olefin conversion process comprises contacting a first olefin with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said first olefin to a second olefin wherein the catalyst composition is the same as the composition disclosed above. Also disclosed is a process for producing the composition.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in particular ethylbenzene, to form corresponding oxidized or olefinically unsaturated compounds, in particular styrene, over an oxygen-conferring, oxygen-regenerable catalyst involving a working period, a time-displaced regenerating period and at least one intermediate rinsing period comprises effecting a partial regeneration during the working period by time-displaced addition of a substoichiometric amount of oxygen.

Abstract: Medium-chain olefins containing as impurities 2-alkyl substituted isomers having a close boiling point are purified by (i) passing over a solid acid catalyst under mild conditions to selectively double-bond isomerise said impurities, and (ii) separating said isomerised olefins by distillation.

Abstract: A catalytic composition comprises at least one quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salt in which the anion is preferably selected from the group formed by tetrafluoroborate, tetrachloroborate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluoroarsenate, trifluorosulphonate, fluorosulphonate, tetrachloroaluminate, dichlorocuprate, and trichlorozincate, and at least one complex of a transition metal from groups 8, 9 and 10, i.e., iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium and platinum, is for the displacement of the double bond in olefins.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of hindered olefins using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to reduce alkyl substituents in the olefins with low formation of undesirable by-products.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes are described which use novel microporous compositions. These compositions have a three-dimensional microporous framework structure of ZnO.sub.2, PO.sub.2 and M'O.sub.2 tetrahedral units, and an intracrystalline pore system. The M' metal is selected from the group consisting of magnesium, copper, gallium, aluminum, germanium, cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, titanium and mixtures thereof. Examples of the hydrocarbon conversion processes include hydrocracking, hydrotreating and hydrogenation.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline-range streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of paraffin isomers to equilibrium values.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of pentenes in the absence of hydrogen using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain methyl t-amyl ether, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline. Pentenes in raffinate from etherification may be returned to the isomerization process.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of butenes and/or pentenes using a catalyst comprising a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve containing noncondensed silica. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain ethers, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of butenes and/or pentenes using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain ethers, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of pentenes using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain methyl t-amyl ether, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline. Pentenes in raffinate from etherification may be returned to the isomerization process.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline-range streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of paraffin isomers to equilibrium values.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes using a catalytic composite which is an amorphous solid solution of phosphorus, silicon and aluminum oxides. The composite is characterized in that it contains from about 5 to about 50 weight percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from about 10 to about 90 weight percent SiO.sub.2 and from about 5 to about 40 weight percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and has pores whose average diameters range from about 30 to about 200 Angstroms. The composite is further characterized in that it has a pore volume of about 0.35 to about 0.75 cc/g and a surface area of about 200 to about 420 m.sup.2 /g. The composite may be prepared by forming a mixture of sols of alumina and silica and a phosphorus compound, gelling the mixture to form particles and then calcining the particles to provide the amorphous solid solution. The amorphous composite may be used either as is or with additional catalytic metals (selected from the metals of Group VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table) dispersed thereon.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of butenes, pentenes, and heavier olefins using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve. It is of particular interest to increase the proportion of olefins containing tertiary carbons in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products. Product olefins may be further processed to obtain ethers, which enjoy high current interest as components for reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of butenes, using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve to increase the proportion of isobutene or of 1-butene in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of butenes, using a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve to increase the proportion of isobutene or of 1-butene in the product with low formation of undesirable by-products.

Abstract: The catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks is affected under effective conversion process conditions in the presence of silicoaluminophosphate-based catalyst compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a C.sub.20 + lube oil from olefins or reducing the pour point of a lube oil comprising isomerizing the olefins over a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve and at least one Group VIII metal.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of olefins in gasoline streams using a medium-pore molecular-sieve catalyst. The process features high yields of C.sub.5 + isomerized product and avoids conversion of highly branched paraffins to equilibrium values.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of ELO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 framework oxide units are disclosed. The molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (EL.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (EL.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; "EL" represents at least one element capable of forming a framework oxide unit; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of element(s) "EL", aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as framework oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an olefin product having an enhanced alpha olefin content from an olefin feedstock containing internal olefins or a mixture of internal and alpha olefins which includes:(a) contacting the feedstock with an anthracene and a double-bond isomerization catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 150.degree. to about 275.degree. C. to form an olefin adduct with anthracene,(b) separating the adduct from the product of step (a),(c) heating the separated adduct at a temperature ranging from about 250.degree. to about 400.degree. C. to produce anthracene and an olefin product enhanced in alpha olefin content over the alpha olefin content of the feedstock, and(d) separating anthracene from the product of step (c) to produce the product enhanced in alpha olefin.Linear olefins are a preferred feedstock.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having a three-dimensional microporous framework structures of MgO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Mg.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Mg.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is disclosed.

Abstract: Titanium-aluminum-silicon-oxide molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The molecular sieves have a unit empirical formula on an anhydrous basis ofmR: (Ti.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic+emplating agent; "m" represents the moles of "R" present per mole of (Ti.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of titanium, aluminum and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structure of MO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis are expressed by the formula:mR: (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; "M" represents at least two elements capable of forming framework tetrahedral oxides and selected from the group consisting of arsenic, beryllium, boron, chromium, gallium, germanium, lithium and vanadium; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of "M", aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is disclosed. The catalyst is useful in the cracking and hydrocracking of various hydrocarbonaceous feeds.

Abstract: But-2-enes are obtained from C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixtures which contain but-1-ene and may or may not contain but-2-enes by catalytic isomerization of the but-1-ene to but-2-enes in an isomerization zone at elevated temperatures by a process in which the isomerization is carried out in combination with a distillative separation zone, the said hydrocarbon mixture being fed to the isomerization zone and/or distillative separation zone, the isomerization mixture obtained from the isomerization zone is passed into the distillative separation zone, a but-1-ene-containing fraction is removed above the lower third of the distillative separation zone and passed into the isomerization zone, and the but-2-enes or a fraction containing these are or is removed in the lower third of the distillative separation zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the isomerization of branched dienes which comprises contacting at isomerization conditions a branched diene with a boron phosphate catalyst wherein the initial ratio of phosphorus (P) to boron (B) is less than 1.0 but greater than 0.6. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of from 100.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and at a pressure from subatmospheric to superatmospheric.

Abstract: The viscosity index of synthetic lubricant stocks such as those produced by olefin oligomerization is increased by contacting such stocks with a solid acidic isomerization catalyst such as boron trifluoride at elevated temperatures, say above about 200.degree. C. The high viscosity index fractions of the resulting product may be sorbed by a shape-selective zeolite such as ZSM-5 and recovered to produce a high VI lubricant.

Abstract: A double bond isomerization catalyst is provided which consists essentially of zinc aluminate. A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic feedstocks using this catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Aliphatic olefinic hydrocarbons are isomerized in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of elemental chromium or a chromium compound and an aluminum phosphate support wherein the phosphorus/aluminum atomic ratio of the support is less than 1.

Abstract: Titanium-containing molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The instant invention employs novel titanium-containing molecular sieves comprising titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen and are generally employable in hydrocarbon conversion processes, including cracking, hydrocracking and hydrotreating.

Abstract: The process for the interconversion of "small olefins" selected from the class consisting of ethylene, propylene, butenes and mixtures thereof comprising contacting said small olefin(s) with non-zeolitic molecular sieves.