Abstract: A continuous method and apparatus for contact of olefin with paraffin in the presence of HF catalyst to produce alkylate in which about one half of the olefin feedstock is passed to each of two riser reactors with product effluent from both reactors entering a common settling vessel with return of settled HF catalyst proportioned between the two reactors and the paraffin feedstock provided as fresh or alkylate fractionator side stream recycle to one reactor and as reaction product recycle from the settler to the other reactor.

Abstract: A process combination, with inter-cooperation, for producing high-octane alkylates comprising(a) dehydrogenating isopentane to isopentenes (amylenes),(b) introducing the mixture of said amylenes and unconverted isopentane into an HF alkylation unit for reaction with fresh or recycled isobutane,(c) separating the alkylation products into high octane alkylates, isopentane (for recycling to the dehydrogenation reactor) and isobutane (for recycling to the alkylation reactor).

Abstract: An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched alkylates for blending into gasolines. The improved process comprises contacting the isoparaffins and olefins with a composite catalyst comprising a large pore zeolite and a Lewis acid.

Abstract: An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched alkylates for blending into gasolines. The improved process comprises contacting the isoparaffins and olefins with a catalyst comprising ZSM-20, preferably a HZSM-20 zeolite or a rare-earth cation exchanged ZSM-20 zeolite.

Abstract: A combination process for production of HF alkylate motor fuel and HF alkylate solvent wherein the alkyl fluoride impurities present in the produced motor fuel are removed therefrom by treatment with a relatively clean HF stream (emulsion) containing the produced HF alkylate solvent. Makeup, relatively clean, HF catalyst for the motor fuel alkylation is secured from the solvent HF alkylate alkylation system.The invention produces motor fuel alkylate substantially free of organic fluoride contaminates as well as substantially organic fluoride-free isoparaffin solvent alkylate, using only one HF rerun column.

Abstract: An integrated process for the simultaneous alkylation of at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one C.sub.4 olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.5 and higher olefinic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, comprising: contacting a first alkylatable hydrocarbon comprising an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with a first alkylating agent comprising at least one olefinic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3, C.sub.

Abstract: Propylene and butylenes are separately acid alkylated with at least one isoparaffin. Expansion and liquid-vapor separation is utilized to separate the propylene from the butylenes. The use of expansion and separation improves the energy efficiency of the alkylation process. The energy efficiency of the alkylation process is further improved by utilizing the bottoms product from the acid stripper associated with the isostripper to cool the acid being supplied to the riser reactor. The size requirements of the isostripper are also reduced by using liquid-vapor separation to remove at least a portion of the unreacted isoparaffin from the alkylated butylenes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the alkylation of an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon with an olefin-acting alkylating agent. The isoparaffinic hydrocarbon is commingled with a first portion of said alkylating agent in a first alkylation reaction zone at alkylation reaction conditions in contact with a hydrofluoric acid catalyst. The acid phase of the effluent from the first alkylation reaction zone is separated, and the hydrocarbon phase, comprising alkylate and unreacted isoparaffin, is commingled with a second portion of said alkylating agent at alkylation reaction conditions in a second alkylation reaction zone in contact with a hydrofluoric acid catalyst separately charged thereto, the hydrofluoric acid catalyst being that separated from the effluent of the first alkylation reaction zone. The acid phase is separated from the effluent from the second alkylation reaction zone and recycled to the first alkylation reaction zone, and the alkylate product is recovered from the hydrocarbon phase.

Abstract: A cyclic system for the alkylation of an isoparaffin, e.g., isobutane, wherein a first olefinic reactant, e.g., butylene, is used to alkylate the isoparaffin for a first period of time in an alkylation reactor and then a second olefinic reactant, e.g., propylene, is used to alkylate the isoparaffin for a second period of time in the same alkylation reactor. During the period that the isoparaffin is alkylated with the first olefinic reactant, the reactor effluent stream is continuously separated into a liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising alkylation products and unreacted isoparaffin and a liquid acid alkylation catalyst phase. The acid catalyst is continuously recycled to the reactor and the hydrocarbon phase is passed to a first surge zone or holding tank.

Abstract: A method of alkylating an alkylatable hydrocarbon with different alkylating agents, at different reaction temperatures and in a single reaction zone, in which an alkylatable hydrocarbon is contacted with an acid-type catalyst and at different points in an elongated reaction zone, the reaction zone effluent is separated into a hydrocarbon phase and a catalyst recycle phase and the reaction temperatures of the various alkylating agents are maintained at different temperatures by splitting the recycle catalyst phase into an equal number of streams and adjusting the reaction temperatures by adjusting the temperatures of the recycle catalyst phase streams, the relative proportions of the recycle catalyst phase streams or both. A method of starting-up the process and apparatus for conducting the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved HF alkylation process comprising, in series, HF and isoparaffin flow and parallel injection of at least two different olefins into a vertically extended reaction zone coupled with recycle of some of the alkylation hydrocarbon effluent to each point of olefin introduction into the alkylation zone. The improved alkylation system allows minimum sized fractionation and extremely high isoparaffin/olefin ratios with temperature control of the reaction at each olefin injection.