Abstract: A process for producing a diesel fuel having at least 70% C10+ paraffins, wherein the iso-paraffin to normal paraffin mole ratio is 5:1 and higher. This diesel fuel is produced by from a feed containing at least 40% C10+ normal paraffins and at least 20% C26+ normal paraffins. It is produced by contacting that feed in an isomerization/cracking reaction zone a feed with a catalyst comprising a SAPO-11 and platinum in the presence of hydrogen (hydrogen:feed ratio of from 1,000 to 10,000 SCFB) at a temperature of from 340° C. to 420° C., a pressure of from 100 psig to 600 psig, and a liquid hourly space velocity of from 0.1 hr−1 to 1.0 hr−1.

Abstract: There is provided a process for selective isomerisation of C4+ paraffins using a catalyst comprising mixed aluminium, tungsten and zirconium oxides, and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, such as palladium or other Group VIII metals. The feed may optionally also include shorter paraffins, aromatics or cycloparaffins.

Abstract: The invention concerns a zeolite with structure type MTT comprising MTT zeolite crystals with a size of less than 5 &mgr;m, at least a portion of the MTT zeolite crystals being in the form of MTT zeolite crystal aggregates, said zeolite being characterized in that the granulometry of the aggregates is such that the dimension Dv,90 is in the range 40 nm to 100 &mgr;m. The invention also concerns the preparation of the zeolite and the use of the zeolite as a catalyst in a process for converting hydrocarbon feeds, and in particular in a process for isomerizing straight chain paraffins.

Abstract: A process for producing phenyl-alkanes by paraffin dehydrogenation followed by olefin isomerization and then by alkylation of a phenyl compound by a lightly branched olefin is disclosed. An effluent of the alkylation section comprises paraffins that are recycled to the dehydrogenation step. A process that sulfonates phenyl-alkanes having lightly branched aliphatic alkyl groups to produce modified alkylbenzene sulfonates is also disclosed. In addition, the compositions produced by these processes, which can comprise detergents, lubricants, and lubricant additives, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst for the hydrogenation, hydroisomerisation, hydrocracking and/or hydrodesulfurisation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks, said catalyst consisting of a substantially binder free bead type support material obtained through a sol-gel method, and a catalytically active component selected from precious metals, the support comprising 5 to 50 wt. % of at least one molecular sieve material and 50 to 95 wt. % of silica-alumina.

Abstract: Process for the hydroisomerization of long-chain n-paraffins which comprises isomerizing n-paraffins having a number of carbon atoms higher than 15 in the presence of hydrogen and a hydroisomerization catalyst which comprises:

Abstract: The invention deals with a microporous crystalline material, with a characteristic X-ray diffractogram, comprised of oxygen tetrahedra and a metal (T+4 and T+3) with the possibility of introducing surface acidity produced by the substitution in the lattice of some T+4 cations by T+3 cations, which gives rise to a structural charge deficiency that may be compensated by protons, Brönsted acidity, and/or high ratio radium charge cations, Lewis acidity; and the obtaining method thereof, based on the preparation of a gel, its hydrothermal treatment under controlled conditions and the treatment of the resulting laminar material with a solution of an organic compound, a swollen material being obtained, which is subjected to a treatment for the formation of interlaminar pillars of polymeric oxides, obtaining a pillared material that maintains the separation between the sheets, even after calcination.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for synthesising a zeolite with structure type MTT comprising at least one element X selected from silicon and germanium and at least one element T selected from aluminium, iron gallium, boron, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, chromium and manganese, comprising reacting an aqueous mixture comprising at least one source of at least one element X, at least one source of at least one element T, and at least one precursor of an organic compound comprising at least one alkylated polymethylene &agr;-&ohgr; diammonium derivative, characterized in that at least one precursor is selected from monoamines. The present invention also concerns the use of the zeolite obtained as a catalyst in a process for converting hydrocarbon-containing feeds, as an adsorbent to control pollution and as a molecular sieve for separation.

Abstract: A process for isomerising a feed comprising normal paraffins containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms per molecule as a major portion in the presence of hydrogen is characterized in that the sum of the amounts of normal paraffins containing 7 and 8 carbon atoms per molecule contained in the feed is in the range 2% to 90% by weight with respect to the feed, and in that said feed is treated in at least one reaction zone containing at least one catalyst in a fixed bed, said catalyst comprising a support, at least one halogen and at least one group VIII metal, the reaction being carried out at a temperature in the range 30° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing a hydrocarbon stream including C5-20 normal and iso-paraffins is disclosed. A de-sulfurized methane-rich stream and a natural gas condensate are isolated from the natural gas source. The methane-containing stream is converted into syngas, which is then subjected to a hydrocarbon synthesis process, for example, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. One or more fractions from the hydrocarbon synthesis are blended with the natural gas condensate for co-hydroprocessing, where the blended stream includes less than about 200 ppm sulfur. Olefins and oxygenates are hydrotreated to form paraffins. Paraffins are subjected to hydroisomerization conditions to form isoparaffins. Hydrocarbons with chain lengths above a desired value, for example, C24, are hydrocracked. The hydrogenolysis that would otherwise form undesired C1-4 fractions is minimized by judicious selection of noble metal catalysts.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing a hydrocarbon stream, preferably including predominantly C5-20 normal and iso-paraffins, is disclosed. The process involves isolating a C4− stream and, optionally a C5+ stream (“natural gas condensate”) from a natural gas source. The C4− stream is converted to syngas, and the syngas used in a hydrocarbon synthesis process, for example, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In one embodiment, one or more fractions from the hydrocarbon synthesis are blended with one or more crude oil derived fractions, and, optionally, the natural gas condensate, such that the overall sulfur content of the blend is less than about 200 ppm. If necessary, the crude oil fractions and/or natural gas condensate can be treated to lower the sulfur content so that the blend has an acceptable sulfur level. The fraction from the hydrocarbon synthesis may include, for example, C5-20 hydrocarbons, C20+ hydrocarbons, or C5+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing a hydrocarbon stream including C5-20 normal and iso-paraffins is disclosed. The process involves isolating a non-sulfur containing methane stream and a sulfur-containing C5+ stream from a natural gas source. The methane stream is converted to syngas and further reacted to form a higher molecular weight hydrocarbon product stream. The C5-20 hydrocarbons in that product stream are hydroprocessed along with at least a portion of the C5+ stream from the natural gas source. The presence of sulfur in the C5+ stream minimizes the hydrogenolysis that would otherwise occur if the C5-20 hydrocarbons were hydroprocessed without added sulfur-containing compounds or other hydrocracking suppressants. The result is an improved yield of C5-20 hydrocarbons relative to when the hydroprocessing step does not include hydrocracking suppressants.

Abstract: A superacid catalyst comprising: zirconium oxide on whose surface sulfate groups are present, in a quality corresponding to total coverage of the surface of the zirconium oxide by means of a monolayer of these sulfate groups, optionally containing a noble metal in a quantity ranging from 0.1 to 3% by weight, with a porosity ranging from 0.1 to 0.30 cm3/g, consisting of at least 70% of pores with a diameter ranging from 1 to 4 nm, prepared by a process which comprises: (a) hydrolyzing derivate of zirconium in a basic medium in the presence of a tetra-alkylammonium hydroxide (TAA), sulfuric acid and acetylacetone (AcAc); (b) drying the product of step (a) and calcining the dried material at a temperature ranging from 250 to 650° C. (c) optionally treating the product resulting from step (b) with an aqueous solution of a compound of a noble metal, and drying and calcining the treated product.

Abstract: The invention concerns a microporous oxide material ITQ6, with a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, and surface areas for which microporous surface area may be of at least 20 m2/g the external surface area may be at least 350 m2/g and the total surface area may be at least 400 m2/g. It may be made via preparation of gel, its hydrothermal treatment, and the treatment of the resulting material with a swelling solution followed by at least partial delamination e.g., by mechanical agitation or ultrasonics. The final oxide material is calcined and, in its acid form or combined with metals, especially noble metals, is useful as catalyst for the isomerization of n-butene to isobutene, or in dewaxing and isodewaxing processes and as a catalytic cracking catalyst or as an additive in FCC catalysts.

Abstract: A method for producting a solid acid catalyst is provided which produces a shaped material of a solid acid catalyst containing a sulfureous component but have a high activity and having a practically sufficient handleability and mechanical strength involves the steps of (a) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and having a peak diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1 &mgr;m in a pore diameter distribution of 0.05 to 10 &mgr;m; and having a sulfuerous component supported on the support or (b) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and including pores having a pore diameter of not less than 0.05 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of 0.05 to 0.5 ml/g and pores having a pore diameter of about 1 &mgr;m and not more than 10 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of below 0.

Abstract: Catalyst based on molibden and silicon having a surface area ranging from 20 to 400 m2/g and a molar ratio Mo/Si>0.2 obtainable with a process which comprises: a) dissolving a soluble molibden salt in an aqueous solution containing at least one basic compound selected from ammonium hydroxides having general formula (I): R1R2R3R4N+OH−  (I) b) adding to the solution of step (a) at least one compound of silicon capable of hydrolyzing to Sio2; c) gelifying and calcining the gel obtained.

Abstract: A process for isomerising a feed comprising normal paraffins containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms per molecule as a major portion in the presence of hydrogen is characterized in that the sum of the amounts of normal paraffins containing 7 and 8 carbon atoms per molecule contained in the feed is in the range 2% to 90% by weight with respect to the feed, and in that said feed is treated in at least one reaction zone containing at least one catalyst in a fixed bed, said catalyst comprising a support, at least one halogen and at least one group VIII metal, the reaction being carried out at a temperature in the range 30° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: Catalyst based on molibden and silicon having a surface area ranging from 20 to 400 m2/g and a molar ratio Mo/Si>0.

Abstract: An improved catalyst is disclosed for the conversion of hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises an alumina support, a Friedel-Crafts metal halide, and a platinum-group metal component, wherein the support comprises primarily eta alumina and a small amount of gamma alumina and has a defined pore-size and acidity characteristics. An isomerization process also is disclosed which is particularly effective for the conversion of C4-C7 alkanes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for isomerizing paraffins comprising the step of contacting a feed containing paraffins with a catalyst comprising a synthetic porous crystalline material, designated MCM-68, which exhibits a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern and has a unique crystal structure which contains at least one channel system, in which each channel is defined by a 12-membered ring of tetrahedrally coordinated atoms, and at least two further, independent channel systems, in each of which each channel is defined by a 10-membered ring of tetrahedrally coordinated atoms, wherein the number of unique 10-membered ring channels is twice the number of 12-membered ring channels.

Abstract: A catalyst for ring opening of cyclic organic compounds comprising, on a carrier of alumina, silica, zirconia and mixtures thereof, from 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the catalyst of a catalytic active metal selected from platinum, palladium, rhodium, rhenium, iridium, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt and mixtures or combinations thereof and from 0.01 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the catalyst of a metal modifier selected from tungsten, molybdenum lanthanum and rare earth metals and mixtures and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for improving the pour point of a feed comprising paraffins containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which the feed to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite with structure type MTT, TON or FER or any possible combination of these three, at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element selected from elements from group VIB and group VIII of the periodic table, at least one deposited promoter element (boron, silicon, phosphorous), optionally at least one group VIIA element, optionally at least one group VIIB element, at a temperature in the range 170° C. to 500° C., a pressure in the range 1 to 250 bars and at an hourly space velocity in the range 0.05 to 100 h−1, in the presence of hydrogen in an amount of 50 to 2000 l/l of feed. The oils obtained have good pour points and high viscosity indices (VI). The process is also applicable to gas oils, and other feeds requiring a reduction in pour point.

Abstract: A process for producing a diesel fuel having at least 70% C10+ paraffins, wherein the iso-paraffin to normal paraffin mole ratio is 5:1 and higher. This diesel fuel is produced by from a feed containing at least 40% C10+ normal paraffins and at least 20% C26+ normal paraffins. It is produced by contacting that feed in an isomerization/cracking reaction zone a feed with a catalyst comprising a SAPO-11 and platinum in the presence of hydrogen (hydrogen:feed ratio of from 1,000 to 10,000 SCFB) at a temperature of from 340° C. to 420° C., a pressure of from 100 psig to 600 psig, and a liquid hourly space velocity of from 0.1 hr−1 to 1.0 hr−1.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed, comprising subjecting said feed to hydrotreating conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising an essentially alumina-based extruded support, essentially constituted by a plurality of juxtaposed agglomerates, optionally at least one catalytic metal or a compound of a catalytic metal from group VIB (group 6 of the new periodic table notation) and/or optionally, at least one catalytic metal or a compound of a catalytic metal from group VIII (group 8, 9 and 10 of the new periodic table notation), in which the sum S of the group VIB and VIII metals, expressed as the oxides, is 0% to 50% by weight, and wherein each of these agglomerates is partly in the form of packs of flakes and partly in the form of needles, said needles being uniformly dispersed both about the packs of flakes and between the flakes, in which the alumina agglomerates are obtained by forming a starting alumina originating from rapid dehydration of hydrargillite and in which the amount of alum

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for selective hydroisomerization of compounds with an n-alkane chain containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which the compound to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element and at least one molecular sieve having a one- or two-dimensional pore network, the accessible pore openings of which are delimited by 10 oxygen atoms, and a distance termed the bridging distance between the pores of less then 0.70 nm, and the zeolite is such that a catalyst which undergoes a standard n-heptadecane isomerization test has, for a conversion of 95%, a selectivity of at least 70% for isomerized products, and the catalyst contains at least 5% by weight of at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element selected from the group formed by non noble GVIII metals, GVIB metals, and niobium, and the catalyst preferably contains phosphorous. The sieve is preferably a NU-10, NU-23, NU-87, EU-13 or Theta-1 zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing aryl-alkanes by paraffin isomerization followed by paraffin dehydrogenation and then by alkylation of an aryl compound by a lightly branched olefin. The effluent of the alkylation zone comprises paraffins that are recycled to the isomerization step or to the dehydrogenation step. This invention is also a process that that sulfonates phenyl-alkanes having lightly branched aliphatic alkyl groups that to produce modified alkylbenzene sulfonates. In addition, this invention is the compositions produced by these processes, which can be used as detergents having improved cleaning effectiveness in hard and/or cold water while also having biodegradability comparable to that of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, as lubricants, and as lubricant additives. This invention is moreover the use of compositions produced by these processes as lubricants and lubricant additives.

Abstract: A method of cracking a feedstock by contacting the feedstock with a metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas. The metal oxide of the catalyst is one or more of ZrO2, HfO2, TiO2 and SnO2, and the feedstock is principally chains of at least 20 carbon atoms. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of Pt, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, (Mn & Fe) or mixtures of them present between about 0.2% to about 15% by weight of the catalyst. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of SO4, WO3, or mixtures of them present between about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: An isomerization process for converting an isomerization feed stream containing alkanes having about 4 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule and cycloalkanes having about 5 carbon atoms to about 10 carbon atoms per molecule to at least one product hydrocarbon isomer. The isomerization feed stream, which contains at least one feed hydrocarbon and hydrogen, is contacted in an isomerization zone at effective isomerization conditions with a catalyst where deactivation of such catalyst occurs in the isomerization zone. The isomerization process includes the presence of an additive in the isomerization feed stream. The concentration of the additive is sufficient to alleviate or diminish the deactivation of the catalyst and to maintain a substantially constant conversion of the at least one feed hydrocarbon to the at least one product hydrocarbon isomer at effective isomerization conditions.

Abstract: A process to isomerize at least one normal or mono-methyl-branched alkane to form at least one multi-methyl-branched alkane has been developed. At least one normal or mono-methyl-branched is introduced to a reaction zone to form at least one multi-methyl-branched alkane. The reaction zone is located between a first and a second adsorption zone with the adsorption zones containing an adsorbent effective to selectively adsorb normal and mono-methyl-branched alkanes relative to multi-methyl-branched alkanes. A desorbent is introduced to the first adsorption zone and an effluent containing at least one multi-methyl-branched alkane is withdrawn from the second adsorption zone. After a period of time, the introduction of the desorbent is redirected to the second adsorption zone and concurrently the withdrawal of the effluent is moved to the first adsorption zone.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first solid material comprising activated carbon and at least one carburized transition metal; and a second solid material comprising at least one halogen component and alumina, and a method of preparing such catalyst system which comprises mixing a first solid material comprising activated carbon and at least one carburized transition metal and a second solid material comprising at least one halogen component and alumina are disclosed. The thus-obtained catalyst system is employed as a catalyst in the isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Discloses novel biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils useful as lubricants in engine oil and industrial compositions, and process for their manufacture. A waxy, or paraffinic feed, particularly a Fischer-Tropsch wax, is reacted over a dual function catalyst to produce hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions, at 700.degree. F.+ conversion levels ranging from about 20 to 50 wt. %, preferably about 25-40 wt. %, sufficient to produce a crude fraction, e.g., a C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F.+ crude fraction, containing 700.degree. F.+ isoparaffins having from about 6.0 to about 7.5 methyl branches per 100 carbon atoms in the molecule. The methyl paraffins containing crude fraction is topped via atmospheric distillation to produce a bottoms fraction having an initial boiling point between about 650.degree. F. and 750.degree. F. which is then solvent dewaxed, and the dewaxed oil is then fractionated under high vacuum to produce biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising alumina, at least one carburized transition metal, and at least one halogen component, and a method of preparing such catalyst system which comprises incorporating at least one transition metal compound into alumina thereby forming a transition metal-alumina compound; carburizing the transition metal-alumina compound thereby forming a carburized transition metal-alumina compound; and incorporating at least one halogen component into the carburized transition metal-alumina compound, are disclosed. The thus-obtained catalyst system is employed as a catalyst in the isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: There is provided an isomerization process using a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, such as a noble metal, and an acidic solid component comprising a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal. An example of this catalyst is zirconia, modified with tungstate and platinum. This catalyst is used to isomerize, for example, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 paraffins. The feed to this paraffin isomerization reaction may, optionally, include cyclic hydrocarbons, such as benzene or cyclohexane, which may undergo ring opening reactions during the course of the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an integrated process for producing a hydroisomerate in the presence of sulfur comprising the steps of (a) separating a natural gas into a first stream comprising a C.sub.5 + gas field condensate containing sulfur and a second stream comprising said natural gas having said a C.sub.

Abstract: A reactivation process is disclosed for a catalyst formulated to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The process utilizes a solid strong-acid catalyst comprising an anion-modified metal oxide, preferably comprising a sulfated support of an oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, and a platinum-group metal component.

Abstract: A method providing enhanced heat integration in isomerization processes having an isomerization reactor operating at a temperature less than about 232.degree. C. (450.degree. F.) and an adsorption zone operating at a temperature greater than about 260.degree. C. (500.degree. F.) has been developed. The method begins with flowing a fresh feed stream containing normal and non-normal hydrocarbons to either the isomerization reactor or the adsorption zone. A variable mass flow desorption effluent containing at least normal hydrocarbons is flowed to the isomerization reactor to form a reactor effluent containing normal hydrocarbons and isomerized non-normal hydrocarbons. The reactor effluent is cooled and separated into an adsorber feed stream and a hydrogen purge gas which are each conducted to an adsorption zone. In the adsorption zone, the normal hydrocarbons are adsorbed and the non-normal hydrocarbons are withdrawn and collected.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for isomerising a feed containing essentially hydrocarbons, preferably paraffins containing principally 4 to 8, preferably princiapply to 6 and more principally 5 and/or 6 carbon atoms per molecule, comprising a fractionation zone and at least two isomersation reaction zones, said process comprising carrying out the following steps:(1) sending the feed to a fractionation zone;(2) drawing off at least a portion of the liquid circulating in said zone, via at least two draw-off levels; and(3) sending the major portion of the liquid drawn off in step (2) to at least two isomerisation zones, each isomerisation zone being associated with a draw-off level.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the selective hydroisomerisation of compounds containing at least one n-alkane chain containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which the compound to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element and at least one molecular sieve with a mono- or bidimensional pore network in which the openings of the accessible pores are delimited by 10 oxygen atoms, and the distance termed the bridge width between the pores is less than 0.70 nm, and in which the catalyst, when subjected to a standard n-heptadecane isomerization test, has a selectivity of at least 70% towards isomerized products for a conversion of 95%.The sieve is preferably a NU-10, NU-23, NU-87, EU-13 or Theta-1 zeolite.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active catalyst in the hydroisomerization of waxes (paraffins), which catalyst is constituted by a carrier of acidic nature, of silica-alumina gel, and one or more metals belonging to Group VIIIA. Also a process for preparing said catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for saturating benzene in a light paraffin isomerization process can accommodate varying quantities of benzene through the incorporation of progressive steps that control temperatures in the isomerization zone while performing a majority of the saturation within an immediately upstream benzene saturation zone. The process is suited for saturating benzene to very low levels while feedstream concentrations of benzenes may vary from 2 to 25 wt % throughout a given period of operation. The process can accommodate rapid swings in benzene concentration that may occur on a daily basis. The invention is particularly suited for the use of a sulfated zirconia catalyst that allows the utilization of existing reactor vessels in an isomerization process.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for isomerising a feed containing essentially hydrocarbons, preferably paraffins preferably containing 5 and/or 6 carbon atoms per molecule, in which said feed is treated in a distillation zone comprising an exhausting zone and a rectification zone associated with an isomerisation reaction zone, in the presence of an isomerisation catalyst and a gas stream containing hydrogen, characterized in that the reaction zone is at least partially internal to the distillation zone, and wherein the hydrogen-containing gas is fed by a dedicated gas distributor to the bottom of at least one catalytic bed within the isomerization reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-42 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using an organic templating agent selected from the group consisting of N-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo?2.2.2!octane cations and N-benzyl-1-azabicyclo?2.2.2!octane cations.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for isomerizing a feed containing essentially hydrocarbons, preferably paraffins containing principally 4 to 8, preferably principally 4 to 6 and more preferably principally 5 and/or 6 carbon atoms per molecule, comprising a fractionation zone and at least two isomerization reaction zones, said process comprising carrying out the following steps:(1) sending the feed to a fractionation zone;(2) drawing off at least a portion of the liquid circulating in said zone, via at least two draw-off levels;(3) sending the major portion of the liquid drawn off in step (2) to at least two isomerization zones, each isomerization zone being associated with a draw-off level;(4) sending the major portion of the effluents from step (3) to the fractionation zone, substantially adjacent to the draw-off levels;(5) recovering an effluent from the fractionation zone.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of a high octane product from a feed mixture comprising C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 normal paraffins in which an equilibrium reaction to produce mono and dimethyl branched paraffins is achieved by conducting the reaction and the product separation in a pressure swing adsorption and reaction zone containing a uniformly distributed adsorbent for the selective adsorption of normal paraffins and a catalyst for the equilibrium conversion of normal paraffins to mono and dimethyl branched paraffins. More specifically, the process achieves the isomerization of the normal paraffins by the reaction of the normal paraffins in the presence of hydrogen with the simultaneous removal of the mono and dimethyl branched paraffin product at the same temperature and pressure. In one embodiment, the passing of the feed mixture to the bed is terminated and the bed is purged with one of the reactants which in turn further reacts to displace heavier paraffin and enhance the overall product octane.

Abstract: A process to isomerize at least one normal or mono-methyl-branched alkane containing from about 6 to about 8 carbon atoms to form at least one multi-methyl-branched alkane has been developed. The normal or mono-methyl-branched alkane is introduced to a reaction and adsorption zone operating under conditions effective to isomerize the normal or mono-methyl-branched alkane and containing a catalyst effective to isomerize the normal or mono-methyl-branched alkane and an adsorbent effective to selectively adsorb normal and mono-methyl-branched alkanes relative to multi-methyl-branched alkanes. Hydrogen and a desorbent comprising at least one alkane having from about 4 to about 8 carbon atoms is introduced to a first portion of the reaction and adsorption zone and an effluent containing at least one multi-methyl-branched alkane is withdrawn from a second portion of the reaction and adsorption zone.

Abstract: A process for the continuous isomerization of an alkane to produce an isomerized product through contacting the alkane with a simulated moving bed acting as a catalyst for isomerization and an adsorbent for the alkanes has been developed. The alkane may be n-butane and the isomerized product 2-methylpropane, the alkane may be n-pentane and the isomerized product 2-methylbutane or 2,2-dimethylpropane, the alkane may have from 6 up to about 8 carbon atoms with no more than one methyl branch and the isomerized product having the same number of carbon atoms and at least two methyl branches, or the reactant may be a mixture of the foregoing alkanes with the corresponding isomerized products being formed. In a zone of the simulated moving bed, the alkanes are catalytically isomerized to form the isomerized products. The unreacted alkanes are adsorbed, and the isomerized products are collected.

Abstract: A process for saturating benzene in a light paraffin isomerization process can accommodate varying quantities of benzene through the incorporation of progressive steps that control temperatures in the isomerization zone while performing a majority of the saturation within an immediately upstream benzene saturation zone. The process is suited for saturating benzene to very low levels while feedstream concentrations of benzenes may vary from 2 to 25 wt % throughout a given period of operation. The process can accommodate rapid swings in benzene concentration that may occur on a daily basis. The invention is particularly suited for the use of a sulfated zirconia catalyst that allows the utilization of existing reactor vessels in an isomerization process.

Abstract: Hydroconversion of paraffin containing hydrocarbon feeds is effected over a supported Group VIII and Group VI metal containing catalyst also containing a hydrocracking suppressant such as a Group IB metal, wherein the catalyst is preferably prepared by fixing the Group IB metal on to the support prior to incorporating the Group VI metal on to the support.

Abstract: A process for the continuous isomerization of an alkane to produce an isomerized product through contacting the alkane with a simulated moving bed acting as a catalyst for isomerization and an adsorbent for the alkanes has been developed. The alkane may be n-butane and the isomerized product 2-methylpropane, the alkane may be n-pentane and the isomerized product 2-methylbutane or 2,2-dimethylpropane, the alkane may have from 6 up to about 8 carbon atoms with no more than one methyl branch and the isomerized product having the same number of carbon atoms and at least two methyl branches, or the reactant may be a mixture of the foregoing alkanes with the corresponding isomerized products being formed. In a zone of the simulated moving bed, the alkanes are catalytically isomerized to form the isomerized products. The unreacted alkanes are adsorbed, and the isomerized products are collected.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing a mixture of alkanes containing pentanes and at least one alkane having from 6 to about 8 carbon atoms and no more than one methyl branch has been developed.