Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for modifying the crystalline inorganic framework of an adsorbent with coatings to provide rate selectivity for one gas over others is described. The method described herein narrows the effective pore size of crystalline porous solids with pores less than about 5 ? for rate selective separations. This method of the invention comprises treating the hydrated or partially hydrated zeolite with a silicone derived binding agent followed by subsequent heat treatment. The additive content and treatment are adjusted to match effective pore size to specific separations. The superior adsorbent has the added convenience of bead forming simultaneously with pore modification as well as having the treatment result in the yielding of high crush strength products.

Abstract: A heating unit comprising: —a housing —amino-carrying fibres contained within the housing; —a conduit for water; —means for delivering carbon dioxide into the housing; and —means for supplying heat to the amino-carrying fibres.

Abstract: A system for generating electricity, heat, and desalinated water having a gas turbine system connected to a first electric generator, a waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) system, a combined heat and power (CHP) generation system connected to a second electric generator, one or more solar powered energy systems, and a desalination system. The desalination system is connected to the CHP generation system and the WHRB system. The gas turbine system generates electricity and heat, the WHRB system is connected to and uses the exhaust of the gas turbine system to provide heat and steam power to the CHP generation system. The CHP generation system produces and provides electricity and heat to the desalination system, which produces product water, and at least one solar powered energy system provides thermal energy to one or more of the gas turbine system, the WHRB system, the CHP generation system, and the desalination system.

Abstract: A heteroatom (N,S,O)-rich porous organic polymer and a membrane-based separation system and process employing the polymer is provided that utilizes one of a number of the heteroatom-rich porous organic polymers which contain ultra-small pores in their structures. The polymers can be used in the membranes to form a simpler, easy to regenerate separation system and method that and does not involve phase changes in the operation of the system. The system with the functionalized nanoporous organic polymer(s) can be utilized as a nanoporous membrane composite(s) for CO2 gas separation, or in the formation of a heterogeneous catalyst to convert CO2 to useful chemicals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for separating oxygenates present in an aromatic hydrocarbon stream to obtain an oxygenates-free aromatic hydrocarbon stream. The process involves selectively removing oxygenates from the aromatic hydrocarbon stream by passing said stream through at least one zeolite based adsorbing material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with acidic clay to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower weakly basic nitrogen compound content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with a basic catalyst to convert a portion of the weakly basic nitrogen compounds to basic nitrogen compounds. The method also includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an acidic adsorbent to adsorb the basic nitrogen compounds from the stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: An adsorption process is disclosed for removal of acid gas contaminants from a liquid or gas which comprises providing an activated alumina adsorbent which is impregnated with a compound selected from the group consisting of one or more alkali metal compounds, one or more alkaline earth metal compounds, or a mixture of such compounds; contacting the liquid or gas containing acid gas contaminants with the activated alumina adsorbent to adsorb enough acid gas contaminant in the liquid or gas to lower the contaminant content of the liquid or gas, the alumina adsorbent being formed from agglomerated calcined alumina powder and provided with a mercury pore volume of pores greater than 500 angstroms at least 0.10 cc/g.

Abstract: A method of removing mercury and/or sulfur from a fluid stream comprising contacting the fluid stream with a sorbent comprising a core and a porous shell formed to include a plurality of pores extending therethrough and communicating with the core. The core comprises a copper compound selected from the group consisting of a basic copper oxysalt, a copper oxide, and a copper sulfide.

Abstract: Crystals of [VOBDC](H2BDC)0.71 were synthesized hydrothemally. The guest acid molecules were removed by heating in air to give high quality single crystals of VOBDC. VOBDC was observed to show crystal-to-crystal transformations on absorption of the guest molecules aniline, thiophene and acetone from the liquid phase. Accurate structural data of the guest molecules and framework deformations were obtained from single crystal X-ray data. VOBDC was also shown to absorb selectively thiophene and dimethyl sulphide from methane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing the efficiency of exothermic CO2 capture processes. The method relates to withdrawing heat generated during the exothermic capture of CO2 with various sorbents via heat exchange with a working fluid. The working fluid is provided at a temperature and pressure such that it is in the liquid state, and has a vaporization temperature in a range such that the heat arising from the reaction of the CO2 and the sorbent causes a phase change from liquid to vapor state in whole or in part and transfers heat from to the working fluid. The resulting heated working fluid may subsequently be used to generate power.

Abstract: A process for purifying a hydrocarbon feed, using a first adsorption unit with first and second adsorption columns respectively filled with first and second adsorbent solids by simultaneously: a) treating the liquid phase hydrocarbon feed in the first adsorption column by contact with the first adsorbent solid to adsorb at least a portion of impurities present and to produce hydrocarbon effluent which is depleted in impurities; b) treating a secondary liquid hydrocarbon feed constituted either by a fraction of the hydrocarbon feed or by a fraction of the hydrocarbon effluent and depleted in impurities to purify the secondary liquid hydrocarbon feed; c) heating the treated secondary liquid hydrocarbon feed from step b); d) regenerating the second adsorbent solid of the second adsorption column which comprises impurities with the secondary hydrocarbon feed heated in step c) to desorb the impurities to produce an effluent with impurities.

Abstract: A process for the production of a molecular sieve blend with improved performance characteristics produced by preparing or obtaining a hydrophilic zeolite, particularly a hydrophilic zeolite A with a low SiO2:Al2O3 ratio, preparing or obtaining a hydrophobic silicon based binder, particularly a hydrophobic colloidal silica or a hydrophobic siloxane based material, mixing the zeolite with the silicon based binder and, in one embodiment, a seed containing small quantities of a clay binding agent and the zeolite, to form a mixture, and forming the mixture into the molecular sieve blend.

Abstract: A new family of coherently grown composites of TUN and IMF zeotypes have been synthesized. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula. NanMmk+TtAl1-xExSiyOz where “n” is the mole ratio of Na to (Al+E), M represents a metal or metals from zinc, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and or the lanthanide series of the periodic table, “m” is the mole ratio of M to (Al+E), “k” is the average charge of the metal or metals M, T is the organic structure directing agent or agents, and E is a framework element such as gallium. These zeolites are similar to TNU-9 and IM-5 but are characterized by unique compositions and synthesis procedures and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for carrying out various separations.

Abstract: A method of removing heterocyclic sulfide impurities from a fluid stream is presented. The method comprises contacting the fluid stream with a sorbent comprising metallic copper.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for enhancing absorption of acid gas components from sour feed gas are provided. In an embodiment, a method for processing a gas includes contacting a feed gas stream which comprises hydrocarbon and hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide with a liquid absorbent in a multistage counterflow absorption zone to absorb hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from the feed gas stream into the liquid absorbent. The method produces an effluent liquid stream rich in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and a treated gas stream. Further, the method includes removing a portion of the liquid absorbent from an interstage location in the multistage counterflow absorption zone. The portion of the liquid absorbent is cooled to form a cooled portion, and the cooled portion is returned to the interstage location.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purification of olefinic feedstocks using an adsorbent comprising a 12 MR-type zeolite, in which the zeolite content of said adsorbent is between 93% by weight and 100% by weight, and the binder content of said adsorbent is between 0 and 7% by weight, in which said zeolite contains silicon and an element T that is selected from the group that consists of aluminum, boron, gallium and iron, and in which the Si/T atomic ratio is less than 20.

Abstract: A process for separating methane from a natural gas mixture employs pressure swing adsorption in one or more vessels. Each vessel has an adsorbent material having a kinetic selectivity for contaminants over methane greater than 5. Contaminants within the natural gas mixture become gases kinetically adsorbed within the adsorbent material. The vessel is placed under pressure to cause contaminants to be adsorbed in the surfaces and micro-pores of the adsorbent material. The process includes releasing a product stream comprised at least 95% by volume methane from a first gas outlet in the vessel, and desorbing the contaminant gases from the adsorbent material by reducing the pressure within the vessel. The desorbing step is done without applying heat to the vessel, thereby delivering a waste gas stream comprised at least 95% by volume of the contaminant gases. An improved fractionation vessel having both major and minor flow channels is also provided.

Abstract: A process for removal of trace chloride contaminants from a reactor effluent in a catalytic dehydrogenation process is described. The reactor effluent is compressed in a compressor to provide a compressed effluent. The compressed effluent is introduced from the compressor into a chloride treater. In the chloride treater, trace chloride contaminants in the compressed effluent are adsorbed to provide a treated effluent. The treated effluent is cooled in a cooler.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an adsorbent comprising at least one zeolite selected from a zeolite of the 12 MR, 10 MR and 8 MR type and at least one binder comprising a clay with a Si/Al weight ratio of more than 2. It also concerns its preparation process and its use in a process for purifying a hydrocarbon feed comprising unsaturated molecules and at least one impurity comprising at least one heteroatom of the O, S or N type.

Abstract: Embodiments of simulated moving bed systems for separating a preferentially adsorbed component from a feed stream and processes for determining a pump-around profile of the simulated moving bed systems are provided. The process comprises the steps of rotating a rotary valve to a first valve position to direct the feed stream to a first adsorbent sub-bed. An intermediate stream between two adsorbent sub-beds in direct fluid communication with each other is irradiated with laser light that is directed from a probe of a Raman system positioned for inline sampling of the intermediate stream. Scattered light from the irradiated intermediate stream is collected with the probe. A spectrum of the scattered light is generated with the Raman system to determine concentrations of the preferentially adsorbed component and one or more other components in the intermediate stream.

Abstract: Novel adsorbents and their use in a process for the removal of sulfur compounds from distillate fuels are described herein. The novel adsorbents are comprised of nanocrystals of Ni having adsorbed on their surface phosphorus and/or phosphine species, which nanocrystals can be distributed in a micro-/meso-porous support material.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the elimination of heavy metals, in particular mercury and possibly arsenic and lead, present in a gaseous or liquid effluent by means of a fixed bed process using an adsorbent in the form of monolithic or supported extrudates, said extrudates being characterized by a length h and a section comprising at least three lobes. The adsorbent is composed of at least one active phase based on sulphur in the elemental form or in the form of a metallic sulphide. The invention is advantageously applicable to the treatment of gas of industrial origin, synthesis gas, natural gas, gas phase condensates and liquid hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: A new family of coherently grown composites of TUN and IMF zeotypes have been synthesized. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula. NanMmk+TtAl1-xExSiyOz where “n” is the mole ratio of Na to (Al+E), M represents a metal or metals from zinc, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and or the lanthanide series of the periodic table, “m” is the mole ratio of M to (Al+E), “k” is the average charge of the metal or metals M, T is the organic structure directing agent or agents, and E is a framework element such as gallium. These zeolites are similar to TNU-9 and IM-5 but are characterized by unique compositions and synthesis procedures and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for carrying out various separations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans, or mixtures thereof. The gas stream can be a sour natural gas stream, a landfill gas or an industrial gas stream. The process comprises contacting the gas stream at effective absorption conditions including an absorption temperature less than about 300° C. with a solid absorbent effective to absorb the hydrogen sulfide, or mercaptans or mixtures thereof to provide a purified gas stream. Method is useful for treating gas streams having up to 90 vol-% hydrogen sulfide, or treating highly pure hydrogen streams. The invention is useful as a guard bed for fuel cells and sensitive laboratory instruments. The invention can also be employed to treat steam reformer product hydrogen streams without the need for further compression of the product hydrogen streams.

Abstract: Systems, compositions, and methods for removing a substance or substances from a material, such as a gas or liquid material, are described. The compositions can comprise composite removal particles. In some embodiments, the composite removal particles can be comprised of support particles made from an inexpensive carrier material, and a reactive particle borne on the support particle. The reactive particle reacts with the substance or substances in the material. The reacted composite removal particles can then be removed from the material, which reduces the amount of the substance or substances present in the material. The composite removal particles are useful for removing pollutants, such as mercury, from exhaust gases, such as flue gas from a power plant combustion unit, and from other materials such as natural gas, liquefied natural gas, fuels, hydrocarbons, petrochemicals, and refinery streams.

Abstract: Method for preparation of an adsorbent that comprises successive shaping stages by co-granulation of a faujasite-type zeolite powder A, with a powder B that consists of alumina, whereby the ratio per unit of mass of the powder A in the mixture of powders A and B is between 10 and 70%, for treatment under water vapor and drying. The invention also relates to a process for adsorption of organic contaminants that contain at least one heteroatom and that are present in an olefinic feedstock that comprises at least 50% by volume of hydrocarbons, whereby this process comprises the stage for bringing the olefinic feedstock into contact with the adsorbent that is obtained by the preparation method according to the invention.

Abstract: Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oils and processes for producing the same are provided. Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is produced by a process of contacting metal-containing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with an acidic ion-exchange resin having sulfonic acid groups. Low metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is removed from spent acidic ion-exchange resin after ion-exchange.

Abstract: Described herein are xerogels consisting essentially of 12-hydroxy-stearic acid (12-HSA) wherein the xerogel is characterized by a spherulitic fibrillar network structure. Also provided is a method for adsorbing an apolar liquid by contacting a 12-HSA xerogel composition with the apolar liquid.

Abstract: A new family of aluminosilicate zeolites designated UZM-44 has been synthesized. These zeolites are represented by the empirical formula. NanMmk+TtAl1-xExSiyOz where “n” is the mole ratio of Na to (Al+E), M represents a metal or metals from zinc, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and or the lanthanide series of the periodic table, “m” is the mole ratio of M to (Al+E), “k” is the average charge of the metal or metals M, T is the organic structure directing agent or agents, and E is a framework element such as gallium. These zeolites are similar to IM-5 but are characterized by unique compositions and synthesis procedures and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for carrying out various separations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an airflow particle sorter, comprising: a top-sealed sorter main body, a discharge port, an outtake tube and at least one directing-intake port; the inner space of the sorter main body, from the above to the bottom, includes, a straight tube zone and a cone zone, the conical bottom of the cone zone is connected to the straight tube zone; the discharge port is located at the bottom of the cone zone; the directing-intake port is installed in the upper part of the straight tube zone in a tangential direction of the straight tube zone, and is communicated with the inner space of the sorter main body; the outtake tube is hermetically inserted into the top of the sorter main body, and extends downwardly to the lower part of the straight tube zone, and the outtake tube has a sealed bottom end; the lower part of the outtake tube is installed with at least one directing-outtake port, which communicates the outtake tube with the inner space of the sorter main body, the directing-outtake

Abstract: A method of purifying 8-isoprostane is provided that includes a step of contacting a liquid sample containing 8-isoprostane with an ion exchange support having a quaternary ammonium salt immobilized thereon such that 8-isoprostane in the liquid sample is retained on the ion exchange support and a step of eluting 8-isoprostane from the ion exchange support using a first eluent containing a water-soluble organic solvent and water as main components.

Abstract: A process for the production and use of a molecular sieve blend with improved performance characteristics produced by preparing or obtaining a hydrophilic zeolite, particularly a hydrophilic zeolite 3A with a low SiO2:Al2O3 ratio, preparing or obtaining a hydrophobic silica binder, particularly a hydrophobic colloidal silica, mixing the zeolite with the silica binder to form a mixture, and forming the mixture into the molecular sieve blend.

Abstract: A method for isolation and quantification of naphthenate forming acids (ARN-acids) in crude oils is disclosed. The method involves selective absorbtion/adsorption of ARN acids by a solid medium. Isolation of the solid medium and transferring the ARN acids to an organic solvent which can by analysed for its ARN acid content.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing isobutene from a renewable source and their use in the preparation of renewable polymers. The invention also discloses purification of isobutene, selective removal of 1-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene using microporous adsorbent material, and the oligomerization of the purified liquid isobutene yielding diisobutenes and triisobutenes.

Abstract: A one-piece solid phase extraction article to be used in solid phase extraction analysis, a filtration funnel comprising the one piece solid phase extraction article, and a method of use of the article. The article, device and method provide for improved analysis of hexane extractable material by eliminating the standard use of polar solvents to pre-condition the sorbent materials. The one-piece solid phase extraction article comprises water wettable monomeric phase type sorptive material embedded within a porous matrix. The water wettable monolithic polymeric sorptive material may be a hydrophilic polymeric gel, such as functionalized C-18 sorbent material, and the porous matrix may be fibrous matric, such as a glass fiber. The one-piece solid phase extraction article may further comprise one or more pre-filtration layers which do not contain the sorptive particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the activation of a copper, zinc and zirconium oxide-comprising adsorption composition for the adsorptive removal of carbon monoxide from substance streams comprising carbon monoxide and at least one olefin wherein (i) in a first activation step an activation gas mixture comprising the olefin and an inert gas is passed through the adsorption composition, and (ii) in a second activation step the adsorption composition is heated to a temperature in the range from 180 to 300° C. and an inert gas is passed through it, wherein the steps (i) and (ii) can each be performed several times.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the regeneration of a copper-, zinc- and zirconium oxide-comprising adsorption composition after use thereof for the adsorptive removal of carbon monoxide from substance streams comprising carbon monoxide and at least one olefin, in which the adsorption composition is heated to a temperature in the range from 160 to 400° C. and a regeneration gas is passed through the adsorption composition, wherein the regeneration gas comprises 1000 to 3000 ppm of oxygen in an inert carrier gas.

Abstract: Method for preparation of an adsorbent that comprises successive shaping stages by co-granulation of a faujasite-type zeolite powder A, with a powder B that consists of alumina, whereby the ratio per unit of mass of the powder A in the mixture of powders A and B is between 10 and 70%, for treatment under water vapor and drying. The invention also relates to a process for adsorption of organic contaminants that contain at least one heteroatom and that are present in an olefinic feedstock that comprises at least 50% by volume of hydrocarbons, whereby this process comprises the stage for bringing the olefinic feedstock into contact with the adsorbent that is obtained by the preparation method according to the invention.

Abstract: We provide a hydrodechlorination and hydrogen chloride recovery process, comprising: a) contacting at least one hydrocarbon product with a hydrodechlorination catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under hydrodechlorination conditions to provide: i) an off-gas comprising an HCl, and ii) a dechlorinated product; b) separating the dechlorinated product from the off-gas; c) contacting the off-gas with an adsorbent under HCl adsorbing conditions such that the HCl is adsorbed by the adsorbent; and d) after step c), recovering the HCl from the adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the elimination of heavy metals, in particular mercury and possibly arsenic and lead, present in a dry or moist gaseous effluent (1) by means of a capture mass (2) comprising a porous support at least part of which is of low mesoporosity and an active phase based on sulphur. The invention is advantageously applicable to the treatment of gas of industrial origin, synthesis gas or natural gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with acidic clay to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower weakly basic nitrogen compound content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with a basic catalyst to convert a portion of the weakly basic nitrogen compounds to basic nitrogen compounds. The method also includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an acidic adsorbent to adsorb the basic nitrogen compounds from the stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Novel adsorbents and their use in a process for the removal of sulfur compounds from distillate fuels are described herein. The novel adsorbents are comprised of nanocrystals of Ni having adsorbed on their surface phosphorus and/or phosphine species, which nanocrystals can be distributed in a micro-/meso-porous support material.

Abstract: A desulfurization system includes: a fuel supply part for supplying a hydrocarbon-based fuel containing water and a sulfur compound to a subsequent stage; and a desulfurization part for desulfurizing the above hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied from the above fuel supply part, wherein, in the above desulfurization part, the above hydrocarbon-based fuel is brought into contact at a temperature of 65 to 105° C. with a catalyst prepared by loading silver on an X-type zeolite.

Abstract: A durable carbon pyrolyzate adsorbent having reversible sorptive affinity for hydrogen sulfide, and including the following characteristics: (a) a bulk density as measured by ASTM D2854 in a range of from 0.55 g/cc adsorbent to 1.25 g/cc adsorbent; (b) an H2S capacity in a range of from 140 cc H2S/g adsorbent to 250 cc H2S/g adsorbent, at normal conditions (1 atm, 293.15° K); (c) an H2S capacity in a range of from 1.0 cc H2S/g adsorbent to 15.0 cc H2S/g adsorbent, at partial pressure of 0.76 ton (101.3 Pa) (1000 ppm) of H2S at 293.15° K; and (d) a single pellet radial crush strength in a range of from 7 kilopond (kP) to 40 kilopond (kP) as measured by ASTM D4179.

Abstract: A catalytically active material having adsorption properties is used for the hydrogenation treatment of hydrocarbons severely contaminated with inorganic constituents.

Abstract: The invention deals with a method for preparing a nitrogen-depleted hydrocarbon feedstock (315, 412, 514, 614, 714, 718, 814, 822) having (i) an initial boiling point comprised between 0° C. and +180° C. and a final boiling point comprised between 30° C. and 250° C., and (ii) an olefin content higher than 5 weight %, by contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock starting material (310, 313, 410, 411, 510, 512, 610, 612, 710, 712, 713, 810, 812, 813) with a clay sorbent material in a reaction vessel (33,43,53,63,73,73,83,83), wherein the nitrogen-depleted hydrocarbon feedstock (315, 412, 514, 614, 714, 718, 814, 822) has a total nitrogen/nitrile ratio (ppm/ppm) comprised between 1 and 5. Additional purification section allows improved units working time and lower maintenance.

Abstract: Chemically combined chlorides are removed from intermediate and product streams of a hydrocarbon reforming process by contacting the streams with zeolite 13X, having a Si/Al ratio of less than 1.25.

Abstract: ETS-10 titanosilicate materials selectively adsorb carbon dioxide from gaseous mixtures containing carbon dioxide and light paraffins such as methane and ethane.