Abstract: Zeolite L in very small crystalline form is prepared by a process in which an alkaline reaction mixture comprising water, a source of silicon (SiO.sub.2), a source of alkali metal (M) (KOH) and a source of aluminium (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O) or gallium is heated to a temperature of at least 80.degree. C. for a period of time long enough to form zeolite L, the composition of the reaction mixture having the following molar ratios (expressed as oxides):______________________________________ M.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 0.4 to 0.5 H.sub.2 O/M.sub.2 O 15 to 30 and SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 5 to 11 ______________________________________where M is potassium or a mixture of potassium and one or more other alkali metals. Zeolite L made by this process can be used for separating isomers of dimethylnaphthalene from one another.

Abstract: An improved adsorption-desorption process is disclosed for separating low octane components from field natural gasoline and virgin naphthas. The low octane materials may be further separated into chemical feed stocks, fluid catalytic cracking feed stocks, steam active reforming feed stocks, paraffinic solvents, and diesel and jet fuel blend stocks by conventional fractionation and/or solvent extraction processes. The remaining higher octane materials make excellent reformer feed and/or gasoline blend stocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of high octane fuels including a process for separating the high octane components for the gasoline pool from lower octane components, which are recycled to an isomerization reaction by adsorptively separating dimethyl paraffins from an isomerate with an aluminophosphate zeolite and SSZ-24, an all-silica zeolite adsorbent isostructural with AIPO.sub.4 -5, and a C.sub.6-10 normal paraffin desorbent. The lower octane components of the isomerate, normal paraffins and mono-branched paraffins, are recycled to the isomerization reaction zone for further conversion to multi-branched paraffins. The useful aluminophosphates are SAPO-5, AIPO.sub.4 -5 MgAPO-5 and MAPSO-5.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for separating by adsorption lower octane normal and mono-methyl paraffins from hydrocarbon feeds containing normal, mono-methyl and more highly branched paraffin fractions in the pentane and hexane carbon range. Adsorbents capable of adsorbing mono-methyl paraffins are used in combination with adsorbents capable of adsorbing normal paraffins but not mono-methyl paraffins. Isopentane, although adsorbed along with the mono-methyl hexane paraffins, is preferentially desorbed and eluted from the adsorber bed and recovered as an adsorption effluent along with di-methyl branched hexane paraffins. Isomerization processes are disclosed for isomerizing the normal and mono-methyl paraffins to produce higher octane isopentane and more highly branched paraffins.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for separating by adsorption lower octane normal and mono-methyl paraffins from hydrocarbon feeds containing normal, mono-methyl and more highly branched paraffin fractions in the pentane and hexane carbon range. Adsorbents capable of adsorbing mono-methyl paraffins but not di-methyl branched paraffins are employed to adsorb normal and mono-methyl branched parafins. Isopentane, although adsorbed along with the mono-methyl hexane paraffins, is preferentially adsorbed and eluted from the adsorber bed and recovered as an adsorption effluent along with di-methyl branched hexane paraffin. In one aspect of the invention adsorbents capable of adsorbing normal paraffins but not mono-methyl paraffins are additionally employed to pretreat the feeds to adsorb normal paraffins. Isomerization processes are disclosed for isomerizing the normal and mono-methyl paraffins to produce higher-octane isopentane and more highly branched paraffins.

Abstract: A process for recovering diamondoid compounds from hydrocarbonaceous minerals and/or from deposits left by such minerals in equipment or otherwise, which comprises dissolving diamondoid compounds in an aromatic distillate fuel oil; extracting aromatics from the solution; and separating diamondoid compounds from the raffinate of the extraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for separating by adsorption lower octane normal and mono-methyl paraffins from hydrocarbon feeds containing normal, mono-methyl and more highly branched paraffin fractions and isomerizing the normal and mono-methyl paraffins to produce higher octane isopentane and more highly branched paraffins. Adsorbents capable of adsorbing both normal and mono-methyl paraffins are used either alone or in combination with adsorbents capable of adsorbing normal paraffins but not mono-methyl paraffins. Isopentane, although adsorbed along with the mono-methyl paraffins, is preferentially eluted from the adsorber and recovered as an adsorption effluent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting diamondoid compounds from a hydrocarbon gas stream. The process includes two stages, each of which alone is effective to remove diamondoids from a hydrocarbon gas stream. The first stage comprises contacting the diamondoid-laden hydrocarbon gas with a suitable solvent to preferentially dissolve the diamondoids into the solvent. Diesel fuel is the preferred solvent for this first stage. The second stage comprises sorbing diamondoids from the diamonoid-laden hydrocarbon gas with silica gel. The most preferred embodiment of the invention is a serial process in which a diamondoid-laden gas is first treated in the solvation stage and the partially purified gas is further resolved in the silica gel sorption stage. The invention still further includes a process for segregating adamantane and diamantane when both are separated from a hydrocarbon gas stream.

Abstract: According to this invention, substantially hydrocarbonaceous fractions comprising diamondoid compounds are peculiarly suitable for separation by a thermal gradient diffusion process. Applicability of this process to this service is dependent upon the fact that the diamondoid compounds exhibit a large change in viscosity relative to temperature, that is, their viscosity goes down significantly per degree of increase in temperature.

Abstract: A process for recovering diamondoid compounds from a fluid mixture thereof with other hydrocarbonaceous compounds which comprises contacting said mixture with a porous solid, for example, a zeolite, having pore opening large enough to admit said diamondoid compounds thereinto and small enough so that at least 50% of the external atoms of said diamondoid compounds are capable of simultaneously contacting the internal walls of the pores of said solid under conditions conducive to absorption of diamondoid compounds by said solid; and then desorbing the absorbate comprising diamondoid compounds from said solid absorbant.

Abstract: An adsorption-desorption process for separation of a component from a feed mixture of components wherein at least two components of the feed mixture are adsorbed by an adsorbent material during the adsorption step of the adsorption-desorption process and the adsorbent material has a greater affinity for a first one of said adsorbed components than for a second one of the adsorbed components, the process comprising charging the feed mixture to an inlet end of a bed of the adsorbent material, passing the feed mixture through the bed under such conditions that the adsorbent material adsorbs said first and second components of the feed mixture, withdrawing an effluent from an outlet end of the bed, the effluent consisting essentially of feed mixture decreased in content of the materials adsorbed by the bed, after the adsorbent material is substantially saturated, desorbing the first and second components from the adsorbent material in at least two steps at substantially the same pressure but at different temperat

Abstract: The invention is a method of group type separation of whole oils and bitumen by high performance liquid chromatography into fractions of asphaltenes, resins, aromatics, and saturated hydrocarbons. A multistep process is involved wherein the oil is initially solvated with a three part solvent mixture of methanol, acetone, and choroform. The solvated oil mixture is injected with a mobile phase into a cyano bonded phase column which will retain asphaltenes and resins, and pass through aromatics and saturated hydrocarbons. The unretained aromatics and saturated hydrocarbons are then injected into a silica column which will retain aromatics and pass through saturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are recovered as they pass through the silica column. The resins, asphaltenes, and aromatics are recovered from the columns by a displacement material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel liquid crystalline compounds having the following formula: ##STR1## In the above formula, a is 1 or 2, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be virtually any chemical groups which will maintain the liquid crystalline properties of the resultant compound. The novel compounds of the present invention contain a biphenylcarboxylate ester moiety so as to define a new class of liquid crystalline compounds. The present invention further includes polymers made from the novel liquid crystalline compounds by attaching the compounds to a polymer backbone such as a polysiloxane backbone. Additionally, the present invention also contemplates methods for using such polymers as stationary phases in the chromatographic analysis of various chemical compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an equipment for the simulated distillation, by means of gas chromatography, of petroleum products, capable of characterizing also high boiling products, exceeding C55, over 600.degree. C. TBP. A chromatograph is used with a capillary column having a length less than or equal to 10 m, containing an immobilized non polar polydimethylsilicon gum stationary phase with a film thickness less than or equal to 0.2 .mu.m. The sample is introduced through a non vaporizing direct cold on-column injection and the eluted sample is detected by means of a FID detector. The column oven is operated in temperature programming conditions up to temperatures exceeding 400.degree. (up to 430.degree.-450.degree. C.).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an equipment for the simulated distillation, by means of gas chromatography, of petroleum products, capable of characterizing also high boiling products, exceeding C55, over 600 C TBP. A chromatograph is used with a capillary column having a length less than or equal to 10 m, containing an immobilized non polar polydimethylsilicon gum stationary phase with a film thickness less than or equal to 0.2 .mu.m. The sample is introduced through a non vaporizing direct cold on-column injection and the eluted sample is detected by means of a FID detector. The column oven is operated in temperature programming conditions up to temperatures exceeding 400 (up to 430-450 C.).

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for recovering olefin monomers, e.g., C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alpha-olefins, from a vent gas of a vapor phase process for polymerizing olefins. The method comprises passing the vent gas, obtained by purging a resin produced in the polymerization process with an inert gas, such as nitrogen, into contact with an adsorbent to effect the adsorption of an olefin monomer. Subsequently, the adsorbed monomer is removed by contacting the adsorbent with a second monomer having lower molecular weight than the adsorbed monomer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of an isomerate gasoline blending component where the octane value of the isomerate is increased relative to the overall cost of the process. After isomerization, the separatory sieve of this invention selectively adsorbs unreacted normal paraffins and mono-methyl-branched paraffins but not di-methyl-branched paraffins. The preferred separatory sieve is ferrierite. This process is an improvement over prior Total Isomerization Processes (using a calcium-5A separatory sieve) to recycle only n-paraffins to the isomerization zone.

Abstract: A process is described for separating and identifying organic sulphur compounds in petroleum distillates which comprises subjecting an aromatic-containing fraction to chromatography in a dual packed silica gel-alumina column employing pentane-ethyl acetate as a solvent to obtain a sulphur-containing eluate and analyzing the sulphur-containing eluate by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The aromatic-containing fraction is usually a naphtha fraction or a light gas oil fraction, with the gas oil fraction being subjected to chromatography on a silica gel column to obtain an aromatic fraction which is then subjected to the chromatography in the above silica gel-alumina column.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fluidized bed process. More particularly, the present invention is a process for operating a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed by using a magnetizable fluid to fluidize solid particulate nonmagnetizable fluidizable particles. The operating conditions are such that there is substantially no random motion or time-varying pressure fluctuation as measured at a point within the bed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the semi-continuous batch separation of a feed mixture of gaseous products into individual substantially pure products utilizes preferential adsorption in which all the components of a gaseous feed mixture are adsorbed by one or more adsorbers through which the feed mixture of gaseous products are sequentially cycled through the steps of (1) progressive adsorption of adsorbates from the mixture of gaseous products; (2) rectification of the adsorbates and (3) desorption of adsorbates contained in the adsorber with the adsorber being readied for further adsorption. Substantially pure gases are collected at appropriate intervals throughout the sequential cycling.

Abstract: A process for the separation of normal C.sub.4 hydrocarbons from isobutylene. A mixture of the normal C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and isobutylene is contacted with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite which is selective for the normal C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. The isobutylene is then recovered in the raffinate stream and the normal C.sub.4 hydrocarbons recovered by displacement with pentene-1.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a trans-olefin from a cis-olefin. A mixture of the trans- and cis-olefins is contacted with an adsorbent comprising silicalite which is selective for the trans-olefin. The process is particularly suitable for the separation of trans-2-butene from cis-2-butene.

Abstract: Organomercuric bonded phase sorbent materials useful for chromatographic separation of a wide variety of compounds are described. Their preparation involves reacting an organic compound chemically bonded to a solid support substrate with a mercury salt.

Abstract: A process for the adsorption separation of C.sub.8 aromatic isomers which comprises the steps of:(a) Supplying a C.sub.8 aromatic isomer mixture to a separation zone packed with a zeolite adsorbent to form an C.sub.8 aromatic isomer mixture adsorption band, the zeolite being a faujasite structured zeolite where at least about 60% of the exchangeable cation sites are replaced by potassium ion, and the remaining exchangeable cation sites being replaced by at least one metal cation selected from the group consisting of sodium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, nickel, copper, silver, manganese, cadmium, thallium and lanthanum ions;(b) Supplying a desorbent to the separation zone to develop the C.sub.8 aromatic isomer mixture adsorption band, the desorbent being an ether compound having a selectivity of about 0.3 to about 3.

Abstract: Normal paraffins are isolated from a feedstock mixture of normal and non-normal paraffins in the vapor phase at superatmospheric pressure using an adsorption system comprising at least four fixed adsorption beds containing a 5 Angstrom molecular sieve adsorbent, each of which cyclically undergoes the stages of (a) adsorption-fill, (b) adsorption, (c) void space purging, and (d) purge desorption. The improvement of the present process comprises recycling in the vapor phase in combination with feedstock the mixture of isoparaffins and normal paraffins purged from one bed of the system during stage (c) to another bed of the system undergoing stage (b). In conventional practice the void space contained hydrocarbons purged from each bed during stage (c) was cooled, separated from the purging gas, pumped to a holding tank in the liquid phase and thereafter reheated to form the vapor phase before being admixed with fresh feedstock for further treatment.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon mixture is fed to a system of adsorbents in a plug flow so as to form at least one displacement boundary in the system to accumulate the composition in the vicinity of the boundary. The process is simple to operate and suitable for separation of a hydrocarbon mixture containing components with similar physical and chemical properties such as a mixture of hydrocarbon isomers.