Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for generating energy. The method, system and apparatus can include the generation of exhaust gases in a first cylinder of an internal combustion engine and the transportation of the exhaust gases from the cylinder to a chamber. The method, system and apparatus may also have the steps of storing the exhaust gases in the chamber and transporting the exhaust gases from the chamber to a second cylinder. Further, the method, system and apparatus may allow for pushing, by pressure supplied by the exhaust gases transported to the second cylinder, a piston in the second cylinder to a bottom portion of the second cylinder and the generating of a vacuum through the cooling of the exhaust gases in the second cylinder. Additionally, the method, system and apparatus can have steps for pulling, by the vacuum, the piston to a top portion of the second cylinder and releasing the exhaust gases from the second cylinder.

Abstract: A method of controlling an NOx purification system (1), the system provided with an NOx occlusion reduction catalyst (22) and a control unit (30) that conducts NOx regeneration control and sulfur poisoning regeneration control. In the control method, the degree of deterioration of the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst (22) due to sulfur poisoning is estimated on the basis of the amount of the oxygen adsorbed and occluded at the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst (22) immediately after terminating the rich air-fuel state of the NOx regeneration control. In so doing, the amount of sulfur poisoning in the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst (22) is accurately estimated, and by performing sulfur poisoning regeneration at a suitable frequency, excessive sulfur poisoning regeneration can be avoided, thereby preventing the worsening of fuel consumption.

Abstract: An SOX trap catalyst 12 and NOX purification catalyst 13 are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. A substrate 50 of the NOX purification catalyst 13 is formed with a coat layer comprised of at least the two layers of an upper coat layer 51 and a lower coat layer 52. The lower coat layer 52 is formed from an NOX storage catalyst storing the NOX contained in the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean and releasing the stored NOX when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich. The upper coat layer 51 is formed from a material of a weaker basicity than this NOX storage catalyst.

Abstract: A method and system of providing compressed substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas for industrial purposes including the steps of extracting exhaust gas from a lean burn engine consuming a mixture of natural gas fuel and air, passing the extracted exhaust gas through a cooling step to cause entrained water vapor therein to condense out, separating and disposing of the condensed water, measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, using the measurement to regulate the quantity of natural gas fed into an igniter into which the exhaust gas is also fed so that substantially all of the oxygen in the exhaust gas is consumed by combustion with the natural gas in the igniter to provide at an outlet of the igniter substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas, and compressing the substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas to provide compressed exhaust gas for industrial applications.

Abstract: An adjustment method and system for an auxiliary power unit (APU) allows the APU speed to vary based on the inlet air temperature to the APU compressor. The APU is controlled by a control law that allows the APU speed to float within a selected range based on speed and electric power generators phase matching criteria that provides smooth power transfer between the APU and a main engine generator. The specific APU mechanical speed for a given temperature may be determined from a compressor map that identifies the optimum combination of pressure ratio, flow rate and efficiency for a given inlet temperature, and avoids running the APU near mechanical resonant vibration conditions.

Abstract: A method of managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system for an engine of a vehicle, comprising of during at least a portion of engine-off conditions, storing ammonia containing vapors generated in the reductant delivery system, and after said storing and during at least a portion of engine operation, purging said stored ammonia into an exhaust of the engine to react in a catalyst in the exhaust flow.

Abstract: A system and method for venting an on-board vehicle emissions treatment substance storage and distribution system that selectively dispenses an emissions treatment substance from a storage tank on the vehicle to an exhaust system of the vehicle include pressurizing the storage tank during engine operation and coupling the storage tank to the exhaust system upstream of an ammonia storage element to reduce and direct any escaping ammonia toward the rear of the vehicle away from a refueling location.

Abstract: A four-stroke supercharged internal-combustion engine includes at least two cylinders with a combustion chamber (14), an air intake (16) including a pipe (20) associated with a shutoff (21), an exhaust (18) including a pipe (22) with a shutoff (23) and exhaust gas collection system including the pipes and at least one manifold (22, 24; 64,66). The engine includes a capacity and a controller for increasing the collected exhaust gas volume during high-speed running of the engine.

Abstract: A vehicular atmosphere cleansing system utilizes a regenerative wheel having flow channels extending through the wheel coated with an adsorbant. An atmosphere stream passes through a first position dependent portion of the wheel where VOC's including HC's are adsorbed while a heated atmosphere stream passes through a second position dependent regenerative portion of the wheel whereat VOC's are desorbed. The adsorbant is activated carbon having particles of micropore size adhered to the substrate by a silicone binder producing high adsorption efficiencies while withstanding relatively high regenerative heat temperatures resulting from exhaust gas sensible heat. A hydrocarbon senses HC in the desorbed heated atmosphere stream to rotatively and sequentially index pie shaped, segmented portions of the wheel into the wheel's regenerative region while also functioning as the main component of an OBD device for the system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exhaust gas control device for internal combustion engines. The exhaust gas control device has a main exhaust pipe (3) communicating with an exhaust manifold (2) used for guiding exhaust gas discharged from a combustion chamber (1) of an engine, a catalytic converter (6) arranged on a predetermined position of the main exhaust pipe (3) for purifying unburnt fuel discharged with the exhaust has and having a plurality of sequentially arranged catalyst units (6a, 6b, 6c), and an unburnt fuel collection tank (8) provided with a plurality of cooling fins (9) and connected to the catalytic converter (6) through a branch pipe (7). The collection tank (8) collects purified unburnt fuel after the unburnt fuel is treated by the catalytic converter (6) so as to remove noxious materials therefrom.

Abstract: An exhaust gas collecting apparatus, of an internal combustion engine including a collection vessel that can hold exhaust gas, an exhaust gas taking-out passage through which exhaust gas is introduced from an exhaust passage to the collection vessel, an exhaust gas introduction passage through which the exhaust gas is introduced from the collection vessel to the exhaust passage at a position upstream from the catalytic converter, a first valve that is switchable between a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas from the exhaust passage to the exhaust gas taking-out passage is permitted and a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas is prevented, and a second valve that is switchable between a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas introduction passage is permitted and a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas is prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring the functioning of an NOx sensor, which is arranged in an exhaust gas channel of an internal combustion engine and is located downstream from an NOx storage catalytic converter. The aim of the invention is to detect the faulty functioning of the NOx sensor in a simple manner in order to be able to take appropriate measures if necessary. To this end, the mass of NOx absorbed by the NOx storage catalytic converter is determined within a diagnostic period using a measurement signal of the NOx sensor. At the same time, an absorbed NOx target mass is calculated using a model for the NOx storage catalytic converter. A ratio of the NOx mass to the NOx target mass is then compared to predetermined limit values to determine the functioning of the NOx sensor. The aim of the invention is alternatively accomplished by measuring a duration time for a complete NOx regeneration of the NOx storage catalytic converter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an exhaust gas control device for internal combustion engines. The exhaust gas control device has a main exhaust pipe (3) communicating with an exhaust manifold (2) used for guiding exhaust gas discharged from a combustion chamber (1) of an engine, a catalytic converter (6) arranged on a predetermined position of the main exhaust pipe (3) for purifying unburnt fuel discharged with the exhaust has and having a plurality of sequentially arranged catalyst units (6a, 6b, 6c), and an unburnt fuel collection tank (8) provided with a plurality of cooling fins (9) and connected to the catalytic converter (6) through a branch pipe (7). The collection tank (8) collects purified unburnt fuel after the unburnt fuel is treated by the catalytic converter (6) so as to remove noxious materials therefrom.

Abstract: To restrict the discharging of harmful components immediately after the starting of an internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas collecting apparatus of an internal combustion engine comprises: a collection vessel that can hold exhaust gas; an exhaust gas taking-out passage through which exhaust gas is introduced from an exhaust passage to the collection vessel; an exhaust gas introduction passage through which the exhaust gas is introduced from the collection vessel to the exhaust passage at a position upstream from the catalytic converter; a switching valve that is switchable between a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas from the exhaust passage to the exhaust gas taking-out passage is permitted and a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas is prevented; and an open/close valve that is switchable between a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas introduction passage is permitted and a position where the introduction of the exhaust gas is prevente

Abstract: A system is described for storing ammonia and injecting it into the exhaust gas stream of an engine to reduce nitrogen oxides. The ammonia is stored as a liquid mixture (70) of ammonia and water in a container (50). In one system, the mixture passes through a tube with a portion (62) in contact with the exhaust gas pipe (16) to heat the mixture and separate the ammonia from the water, with the ammonia being further heated at a nozzle (84) to activate the ammonia before injection into an upstream portion of the exhaust gas pipe.

Abstract: At the start of operation of an internal-combustion engine(S10,S12,S14), an exhaust flow is restrained (to raise the exhaust pressure) (S18), secondary air is supplied (S20), and the combustion air-fuel ratio (A/F) is set within the range of rich air-fuel ratios (S16, S22).

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion with a catalytic converter connected to the exhaust pipe for cleaning the engine exhaust gas in the presence of a reducing agent also includes a condensation water collector into which the exhaust gases are diverted prior to reaching the catalytic converter. The collector condenses moisture in the exhaust gas to produce liquid water condensate that is held in a reservoir. The water condensate is combined with a reactant capable of forming a reducing agent and the aqueous solution of the reactant is introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An engine having in an exhaust system a lean NOx catalyst for purifying nitrogen oxide in an oxygen excessive exhaust gas by using a reducing agent, includes an intake air quantity decreasing device for decreasing a quantity of intake air flowing through an intake system when the nitrogen oxide needs to be purified by the lean NOx catalyst, and a combustion heater provided separately from the internal combustion engine also serves as a CO2 adding device for adding carbon dioxide to the intake air when a flowing quantity in the intake system decreases by operating the intake air quantity decreasing device. With this arrangement the reducing agent such as hydro carbon and the like can be supplied even when eliminating an auxiliary injection hitherto needed in the internal combustion engine having the lean NOx catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust system of an internal-combustion engine (1) having an exhaust gas purification arrangement (3, 5) as well as a storage container (8) which can be evacuated and into which at least a portion of the internal-combustion engine exhaust gas flow can be introduced for a defined time period, particularly after a start of the internal-combustion engine. In addition to a stop valve (10), which maintains the vacuum in the storage container when the internal-combustion engine is stopped, a vacuum pump (18) is provided for evacuating the storage container. A stop flap (6) is provided in the exhaust system downstream of the exhaust gas purification arrangement. In a branch pipe (7) guiding the internal-combustion engine exhaust gas flow to the storage container (8), a control valve (9) may be provided for controlling the flow of exhaust gas to the storage container.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for an engine equipped with a turbocharger and an exhaust pipe having a NOx conversion catalyst therein. The system comprises a reservoir for storing pressurized air received from the turbocharger, a reductant injector in fluid communication with a reductant supply, and a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the reservoir and connected to the reductant injector. The reductant injector is responsive to an injection signal for atomizing and injecting a quantity of reductant into the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is in fluid communication with the exhaust pipe for introducing a quantity of air and reductant mixture into the exhaust gas flow upstream of the NOx conversion catalyst.

Abstract: The apparatus is an automatic changeover system for a vehicle exhaust ventilating pipe. The exhaust pipe on a vehicle is fed into a valve which changes its output to either the conventional vehicle mounted exhaust outlet pipe or a bypass pipe low on the chassis to which a ventilating hose can easily be attached. The activating arm of an electrical switch is located at the end of the bypass pipe where it is held down by the ventilating hose when the hose is installed. Thus, when the vehicle is moved and the ventilating hose pulled off, the switch arm is released, and the switch activates a powered activator which moves the valve to close the bypass and open the output to the exhaust outlet pipe for normal operation.

Abstract: Apparatus for the purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines is disclosed including a conduit for connecting the exhaust pipe from the engine with a canister containing an adsorbent for at least one of the components of the exhaust gases, and a valve associated with the conduit for selectively directing the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe to the canister when the valve is open. Methods for purification of such exhaust gases are also disclosed including monitoring an operating condition for the internal combustion engine and controlling the flow of the exhaust gases from the engine to the exhaust pipe in response to the monitored operating condition, controlling of the flow including selectively directing at least a portion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe to the canister.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the harmful products of combustion comprises an enclosed vessel adapted to contain a quantity of volatile liquid fuel and a means for extracting gaseous vapors from the fuel and for mixing the vapors with the combustion supporting gas for combustion in an internal combustion engine. A thermal reactor is included into which the combustion exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine are discharged. A flow limiting valve is interposed in the path of the exhaust gases from the thermal reactor for discharging a first portion of the exhaust gases to the atmosphere and returning a second portion of the exhaust gases to the thermal reactor vessel. Also provided is a valve for discharging the second portion of the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine at a temperature below the boiling range of the liquid fuel into the vessel below the surface of the liquid fuel therein and an ultrasonic generator for imparting ultrasonic energy to the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An oxygen dependent loop combustion system to restrict release of polluted air into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A backfilling system for a liquid fuel tank of a vehicle using engine exhaust gas to prevent the accumulation of explosive vapors in the fuel tank. Exhaust gas is cooled, filtered and regulated in pressure before entering the fuel tank.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing an inert gas is described. Firstly, capture the exhaust from a gas fired internal combustion engine located on the site of an intended application. Secondly, pass the exhaust stream through at least one catalytic converter. Thirdly, cool the exhaust stream passing from the catalytic converter to a temperature that will not harm a gas compressor. Fourthly, pass the exhaust stream into the gas compressor and apply the compressed exhaust stream exiting the compressor directly to the intended application.

Abstract: A method for cooling the parts of an extractor valve assembly to workable levels by cooling a portion of the produced gases and mixing it with the newly produced gases to lower the average temperature of the gases produced which is seen by the valving means and by recirculating engine oil along the production tubes to precool the gases before they arrive at the valving means.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating and cleaning high pressure gases withdrawn from within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine including maintaining the gases at a high pressure and cooling the gases to cause condensation of water, entraining particulate matter in the water, and delivering the water to the normal exhaust system of the engine for disposal thru vaporization back to being exhaust gas.

Abstract: A closed circuit system using a diesel engine, or a gas turbine, operating by recycling its exhaust gases, and having a set of fuel tanks, and a set of oxygen tanks for liquid or gaseous storage. The water produced by the combustion is stored in the same fuel tanks, and the CO.sub.2 produced by the combustion is stored, even in gaseous phase, in the same oxygen tanks after the tanks have been emptied of the oxygen used to support the combustion. The storage temperature is slightly above the sea water temperature and at a minimum storage pressure of 40 ata.

Abstract: A system for the cryogenic processing and storing the combustion product of a heat engine, in which the cooled and compressed anhydrous gases are fed through a liquefying/superheating heat exchanger to a cryogenic condensation/collection vessel for the carbon dioxide which is liquefied therein by the combustion oxygen which is stored in the liquid state in a cryogenic oxygen tank and traverses said cryogenic condensation/collection vessel through a coil, said liquid oxygen of the cryogenic oxygen tank being superheated while simultaneously partially liquefying the carbon dioxide in said liquefying/superheating heat exchanger while the oxygen and inert gases present in said cryogenic condensation/collection vessel are recovered. Modifications are also provided.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system and method for providing compressed gas by extracting compressed gas directly from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The gas may be further compressed using an improved compressor, which in turn may be ultimately powered by the engine from which the gas is extracted. The compressor is preferably an axial drive, hydraulic compressor, with the engine being used to drive a pump which in turn provides the direct hydraulic driving force for the compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel supply device for model aircraft. To produce an excess pressure in the fuel tank in order to force the fuel into the engine, the fuel tank is connected to an excess pressure chamber (4) of an exhaust constructed in the form of a silencer. The casing (1) of the exhaust is subdivided by partitions (5, 6) into a number of chambers lying axially one behind the other. The excess pressure chamber (4) and the chamber (3) disposed therebehind in the direction of flow and directly connected to the exhaust gas outlet (9) are interconnected via a valve arrangement (16-18) which so operates after the fashion of a non-return valve that the valves are throttled in dependence on the inclined position of the exhaust. During climbing throttling is particularly heavy, so that a heavier excess pressure is formed in the chamber and therefore higher delivery pressure acts on the fuel in the tank. In this way the engine is supplied with enough fuel even during climbing.

Abstract: A pneumatically operated brake booster comprises a hydraulic cylinder disposed within a hydraulic braking circuit connecting a master cylinder to wheel brake cylinders to increase the braking pressure trapped within the wheel brake cylinders and a servomotor for pneumatically activating the hydraulic cylinder in response to hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder. The servomotor has a spring loaded diaphgragm piston forming a negative pressure chamber and a variable pressure chamber, the former being in connection to a source of negative pressure and the latter being connected to the atmospheric pressure in response to master cylinder pressure applied to the hydraulic cylinder. The brake booster includes a control valve which is provided to selectively connect the variable pressure chamber of the servomotor to such a positive pressure source as exhaust pressure to obtain additional pressure in an emergent braking operation of the vehicle.

Abstract: In a pneumatic brake booster, positive and variable pressure chambers on opposite sides of a spring loaded diaphragm piston both communicate with an air pressure source under inoperative condition of the booster; only the positive pressure chamber communicates with the air pressure source while the variable pressure chamber communicates with atmospheric pressure in response to activation of the booster to operate the piston.