Abstract: Electrochemical machining of parts employs electric or voltage pulses in which current flows in a first direction and a second direction opposite from the first direction. The cathodic/anodic pulses switch between bulk machining and oxide removal pushing bulk material removal into a homogenous regime to obtain a smooth surface finish and appropriate form control during the electrochemical machining process compared to electrochemical machining employing an electric or voltage potential in which current flows in only one direction.

Abstract: A fluid-operated actuator assembly has a valve with an inlet for connection to a pressurized fluid source, a bi-stable electromagnetic device for operating the valve, which has a first state closing the valve and a second state opening the valve, a hydraulic actuator, and an electronic control circuit. The hydraulic actuator has an actuating member in a housing, the housing having a chamber on one side of the actuating member to which an outlet of the valve is connected for receiving fluid from the fluid source when the valve is opened, the actuating member for operation of the hydraulic actuator. The control circuit momentarily energizes the bi-stable electromagnetic device to the hydraulic actuator from the second state, back to the first state, to terminate operation of the hydraulic actuator.

Abstract: An actuation system for a servo-assisted transmission; the actuation system is provided with: a hydraulic circuit comprising a reservoir containing a control fluid, a hydraulic accumulator containing the pressurized control fluid, and a pump which draws from the reservoir and feeds the hydraulic accumulator; at least a hydraulic actuator comprising at least one actuation chamber and a mobile piston which slides within the actuation chamber; a solenoid valve for connecting the actuation chamber of the hydraulic actuator to the hydraulic accumulator and to the reservoir; and a recirculation circuit, which departs from at least one environment bordering with the actuation chamber of the hydraulic actuator and ends in the reservoir.

Abstract: A fluid system for use with a machine that employs an actuator, that provides for rapid shaking of an implement. The fluid system includes a source for providing fluid flow to the actuator and an operator input device for enabling an operator to control the movement of the implement by inputting a plurality of commands that specify movement of the implement. A controller is provided for monitoring the commands received from the operator input device and entering a mode for controlling the displacement of the source when the controller detects a pattern of commands that indicates an operator-request for rapid movement of the implement.

Abstract: An apparatus for coupling two hydraulic transmission lines to one another is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first coupling member and a second coupling member. The first coupling member comprises a body having first and second passages. The first passage extends from the connection to the first line to the second passage. A plug is movably positioned in the first passage for selectively opening and closing the first passage between the first line and the second passage. A first and second passage similarly extends through the second coupling member, and a plug is movably positioned in the first passage for selectively opening and closing the first passage between the second line and the second passage. The first and second coupling members are selectively joinable via a sleeve extending between the second passages thereof.

Abstract: In a hydraulic drive, in which a double-acting working cylinder (10) is connected to the hydraulic power source by very long working lines (20, 22), it is proposed to connect a bypass line (36) containing a normally closed bypass valve (38) to the ends of the working lines (20, 22) nearest the cylinder. The bypass valve (38) is periodically opened to allow the fluid contained in the working lines (20, 22) to be completely replaced.

Abstract: A fluid pressure circuit is provided in which two independent systems are provided with a pressure generator for supplying pressure through each of the circuits so as to operate the brake system of a vehicle in an antiskid mode. The fluid pressure circuits have a phase difference of a half a period with respect to each other so as to provide for a continuous pressure to each of the brake systems of the independent fluid pressure systems. By providing such an arrangement, pulsation effects of each independent system are reduced without adversely influencing the pressure generator apparatus and while decreasing the noise associated with the operation of the fluid pressure system under such operating conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the intensity of the sound that accompanies a rapid decompression in a pressurized hydraulic system such as that of an injection molding machine. The apparatus includes a reduced area valve that interconnects the high pressure system with a low pressure system, with the valve connected with a tubular muffler so that high pressure fluid is initially released through the valve and into the muffler. The muffler includes a plurality of spaced apertures that face a rigid structural surface so that the high pressure fluid passing through the muffler issues from the several apertures and impinges on the rigid structure to dissipate the pressure shock accompanying decompression, and thereby modulate the intensity of the sound of decompression.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in the bleeding of fluid systems, especially the hydraulic brake system of a motor vehicle, comprises fluid pumping equipment (1) for pumping fluid to a main fluid reservoir (8) of the fluid system via a supply conduit (24). The pumping equipment (1) includes a fluid container (6) and an air pump (2) serving to discharge fluid from the container (6) into the supply conduit (24). The pump (2) is driven through an electric circuit (C1.C2) including a fluid pressure control (14) and a fluid level control (15A) of the container (6). The delivery end of the supply conduit (24) passes through an opening (26) of the reservoir (8) which opening (26) is sealed by an elastomeric plug (18) laterally expandable by a compression device. The above apparatus considerably conveniences the bleeding of motor vehicle brake systems.

Abstract: The invention contemplates hydraulic-lift mechanism which employs a power integrator in the connection between a charged hydraulic accumulator and the actuator for a vertically positionable load; the power integrator, additionally, has a prime-mover connection, and the pressurized charge of the accumulator is advisedly set to fully accommodate a preselected level of average load upon the actuator. The hydraulic circuit importantly includes check valves, with a pilot-operated check valve interposed between the power integrator and the accumulator and another pilot-operated check valve interposed between the power integrator and the load actuator. The pilot-operated check valves cooperate with other check valves to assure automatic transfer of hydraulic fluid under pressure from the accumulator to the load actuator, and vice versa, as may be determined by selected control of or via the power integrator.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a hydraulically operated twin-cable suspension for a clamshell or the like load-handling device. In a preferred embodiment, a charged accumulator is effectively a counterweight and is the source of all hydraulic fluid needed for the full range of actuation of two traction cylinders, one for each of the respective cables. Both cables automatically share the load, without slack, in any elevational situation, and simple hydraulic control circuitry selectively enables (a) an automated closing dig into loadable material and (b) a quick opening for load discharge. A single power integrator is interposed between the accumulator and the two traction cylinders for directionally controlling hydraulic-fluid displacement between the accumulator and the traction cylinders, as needed for all cable displacements.

Abstract: A running apparatus for an agricultural vehicle comprising an oil stepless change speed device, an oil circuit for an oil pump and an oil motor to actuate the oil stepless change speed device and an accumulator. The accumulator accumulates a surplus of an output pressure of the oil pump when the pressure is higher than a predetermined value and discharges the accumulated pressure when the output pressure of the oil pump is lower than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A Gas Energized Engine System, according to the present invention, is adapted to drive a piston type gas energized engine having a piston and cylinder system that is operatively interconnected with a crankshaft that transmits rotary force to any suitable load. The piston type engine is provided with gas intake and exhaust systems. The gas intake system is interconnected with a gas supply system having a high pressure supply vessel and an operating pressure supply vessel that are interconnected by a pressure regulator. A converter system which is an engine and compressor system that is separate from the gas energized engine, and has a gas inlet that receives the exhaust of the gas exhaust system of the engine and functions to compress the exhaust gas to a high pressure and communicate the high pressure to the high pressure vessel of the gas supply system and to modify the exhaust atmosphere of the gas energized engine.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid storage tank for an industrial vehicle. A small surge tank (44) is mounted on top of a main tank (10) and communicates with the main tank via a drain back hole (49) formed in the top of the main tank. A first breather tube (46), having one end opening within the surge tank, extends directly into the main tank. A second breather tube (48), having one end opening within the surge tank, enters the main tank through the drain back hole, extends along the top of the tank, and opens into the tank at a point substantially rearward of the first vent tube. If, due to movement of the vehicle, one of the breather tubes becomes filled with oil, the other will still function. Oil which momentarily floods one of the breather tubes enters the surge tank and drains back to the main tank via the drain back hole.

Abstract: A horizontally exposed pumping unit including a hollow base structure containing a volume of hydraulic fluid and compressed air, the base structure supporting a horizontally aligned reciprocating piston assembly deployed for horizontal translation along a support track formed thereon. The piston assembly terminates at the free end in a roller attached to the cylinder structure, the piston rod in turn being secured to yet another fixed roller. A sheave chain connected to the cylinder exterior passes around the rollers to be played out along the track, the chain being turned around the translating roller to a guide roller deployed above an oil well. The articulation of the piston assembly is achieved by way of an electrically driven hydraulic pump communicating between the hollow base structure and the cylinder. Two reversing switches are deployed within the track to change the direction of the hydraulic pump according to the stroke position of the piston assembly.

Abstract: A transfer system having a transfer mechanism which is located directly on or adjacent the production machine. The transfer mechanism comprises a reciprocating workpiece shuttle driven by a hydraulic driving unit, specifically a hydraulic transfer cylinder. The latter is connected to a remote hydraulic cycloidal drive unit by long conduits which may be positioned overhead. The remote hydraulic cycloidal drive unit employs a pumping cylinder having an elongated stationary piston rod on which the cylinder housing is slidably supported, with the pressure fluid from the pumping cylinder being supplied through the conduits to the transfer cylinder. The housing of the pumping cylinder is reciprocated by a crank associated with a cycloidal mechanical drive. This crank is connected to and rotates with a gear which is rotatably supported on a slide and reacts with a stationary rack so that reciprocation of the slide causes alternate rotation of the gear.