Abstract: A hydraulic closure system is disclosed for use in a motor vehicle that enables automatic opening and closing, as well as manual closing, of a closure pivotably mounted to an opening frame defining a closure opening in the motor vehicle. The system includes at least one hydraulic actuator assembly attached at opposite ends thereof to the closure and the opening frame, respectively. A motorized hydraulic pump inputs energy to the actuator to move the closure from the opened position to the closed position, and a biased energy storage system inputs energy to the actuator to move the closure from the closed position to the opened position. In a preferred embodiment, the pump is activated by manually generated movement of the closure from the opened position toward the closed position for a prescribed distance in more than a prescribed time. An obstacle detection mechanism detects obstacles interfering with closing of the closure based on monitored pressure in the system.

Abstract: A regenerative adaptive fluid motor position feedback control system integrating a load adaptive flujid motor position feedback system having an energy accumulator. the fluid motor control system includes a primary variable displacement pump powering a spool valve controlling a fluid motor accumulating a load related energy, such as a kinetic energy of a mass load of the fluid motor or a compressed fluid energy of the fluid motor-cylinder. The load related energy of the fluid motor is regenerated to provide a load adaptive exchange of energy between the fluid motor and the energy accumulator. This load adaptive exchange of energy is combined with a load adaptive primary energy supply for maximizing the over-all energy efficiency and performance potentials of the fluid motor control. The load adaptability is achieved by regulating the exhaust and supply fluid pressure drops across the spool valve.

Abstract: A regenerative adaptive fluid motor control system integrating a load adaptive fluid motor control system and a load adaptive energy regenerating system having an independent regenerating circuitry containing an energy accumulator.The fluid motor control system includes a primary variable displacement pump powering a spool valve controlling a fluid motor accumulating a load related energy, such as a kinetic energy of a mass load of the fluid motor or a compressed fluid energy of the fluid motor-cylinder. The load related energy of the fluid motor is regenerated to provide a load adaptive exchange of energy between the fluid motor and the energy accumulator. This load adaptive exchange of energy is combined with a load adaptive primary energy supply for maximizing the over-all energy efficiency and performance potentials of the fluid motor control. The load adaptability is achieved by regulating the exhaust and supply fluid pressure drops across the spool valve.

Abstract: A regenerative adaptive fluid motor control system integrating a load adaptive fluid motor control system and a load adaptive energy regenerating system having a built-in regenerating circuitry containing an energy accumulator. The fluid motor control system includes a variable displacement pump powering a spool valve controlling a fluid motor accumulating a load related energy, such as a kinetic energy of a mass load of the fluid motor or a compressed fluid energy of the fluid motor-cylinder. The load related energy of the fluid motor is regenerated to provide a load adaptive exchange of energy between the fluid motor and the energy accumulator. This load adaptive exchange of energy is combined with a load adaptive primary energy supply for maximizing the over-all energy efficiency and performance potentials of the fluid motor control. The load adaptability is achieved by regulating the exhaust and supply fluid pressure drops across the spool valve.

Abstract: A regenerative adaptive fluid motor control system integrating a load adaptive fluid motor control system and a load adaptive energy regenerating system having an energy accumulator. The fluid motor control system includes a primary constant displacement pump powering a spool valve controlling a fluid motor accumulating a load related energy, such as a kinetic energy of a mass load of the fluid motor or a compressed fluid energy of the fluid motor-cylinder. The load related energy of the fluid motor is regenerated to provide a load adaptive exchange of energy between the fluid motor and the energy accumulator. This load adaptive exchange of energy is combined with a load adaptive primary energy supply for maximizing the over-all energy efficiency and performance potentials of the fluid motor control. The load adaptability is achieved by regulating the exhaust and supply fluid pressure drops across the spool valve.

Abstract: A regenerative adaptive fluid motor output feedback control system integrating a load adaptive fluid motor output feedback control system and a load adaptive energy regenerating system having an energy accumulator. The fluid motor control system includes a primary variable displacement pump powering a spool valve controlling a fluid motor accumulating a load related energy, such as a kinetic energy of a mass load of the fluid motor or a compressed fluid energy of the fluid motor-cylinder. The load related energy of the fluid motor is regenerated to provide a load adaptive exchange of energy between the fluid motor and the energy accumulator. This load adaptive exchange of energy is combined with a load adaptive primary energy supply for maximizing the over-all energy efficiency and performance potentials of the fluid motor control. The load adaptability is achieved by regulating the exhaust and supply fluid pressure drops across the spool valve.

Abstract: An apparatus powered by solar cell photon energy having a motor for rotating a drive shaft by the use of compressed air. The motor comprising: a housing having a circular cross section with a drive shaft extending therethrough; a rotor having concave cups on its exterior surface mounted on the drive shaft within the housing; ports extending through the housing to cause rotation of the rotor; a plurality of sources of compressed air positioned adjacent to the housing. The apparatus further includes an alternator and/or a system for converting solar energy into mechanical energy comprising a battery chargeable through solar panels to generate power for reciprocating pistons to thereby generate the compressed air.

Abstract: A single rod three chamber fluid cylinder is driven in an initial rapid advance forward stroke by a main pump, pumping fluid through a proportional directional control valve to act against a first equal area at the head end of the piston. Fluid expelled from a second equal area at the rod side of the piston is returned to the reservoir through a proportional directional control valve which is in a first position while a two position valve is in its first position allowing an accumulator to fill a third chamber exposed to a third area of the head side. When shifting to the feed stroke, the two position valve switches to its second position disconnecting the accumulator to the third area and connecting the main pump to the third area while also connected to the first equal area. Upon the return stroke of the piston, the fluid from the first equal area is returned to the sump and the fluid from the third area is routed to the accumulator.

Abstract: A device for recovering energy, in particular potential energy in working machines, has a hydraulically actuatable working cylinder linked to a hydropneumatic storage. At least another working cylinder is provided. The two working cylinders are mutually linked by their rod end chambers to transfer fluid and are linked to a hydraulic circuit having at least one pump. The other working cylinder is also linked at its piston end chamber to a hydraulic circuit having a pump. The energy generated by the movements of the working machine can be effectively stored in a failure-proof manner and called back at defined moments in time.

Abstract: A stored energy-type propulsion system for a vehicle employing a free piston engine-pump hydraulically connected to a drive motor, which in turn connects to the vehicle wheels. The hydraulic connection between the engine-pump and the drive motor includes a large-capacity pressure accumulator which is normally isolated from the system, and which is opened for communication with the system to supply pressure fluid to the drive motor only under conditions demanding peak operating pressure for limited time durations. An auxiliary accumulator of significantly smaller capacity is also connected to the hydraulic connection.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit for actuating a first hydraulic motor with an under psure, i.e. pressurized fluid has an externally driven first hydraulic pump for introduction of fluid into the circuit from an open reservoir and a hydraulic accumulator to keep stand-by pressure fluid, the pressure in the accumulator being sufficient to actuate the first hydraulic motor. A fluid pressure intensifier, i.e. a second hydraulic motor and a second hydraulic pump coupled therewith, is also in the circuit. The second hydraulic pump has a smaller swept volume than the second hydraulic motor, and both are connected to an outlet of the first hydraulic pump for the second hydraulic pump to pump into an inlet of the hydraulic accumulator.

Abstract: Engine BMEP being a major contributor to the gap between conventional automobile road fuel mileage and the theoretically possible, indicates the desirability of a continuously variable road wheel/engine speed ratio. There is described a double swash plate, regenerative, hydrostatic system, with a mechanical bypass. The two swash plates facilitate optimization of hydraulic parameters as well as engine BMEP and the rear one which is the primary controller permits modulation of regenerated energy in both directions, with optimum efficiency and facility.

Abstract: The invention in a preferred embodiment contemplates a dual-lift hydraulic arrangement in which each of two hydraulic-lift systems employs a power integrator in the connection between a charged hydraulic accumulator and a hydraulic actuator for cable suspension of a load. The accumulator may be a single device serving the respective hydraulic systems, each of which terminates in a traction cylinder for operating a cable lift for its end of the load suspension. A single prime mover serves both power integrators, and the pressurized charge of the accumulator is advisedly set to accommodate (counterbalance) a predetermined average of the combined load on the two actuators. The arrangement lends itself to single-handed control of both hydraulic systems and to the corrective tilt orientation of a load which may be relatively heavy at one end and relatively light at the other end.

Abstract: A system for using hydraulic fluid pressure to supplement vehicle engine power. The system includes a fluid pump selectively coupled during vehicle deceleration to the power output mechanism of the engine. Low pressure fluid from a reservoir is pumped into an accumulator. Thereafter, fluid under high pressure is transmitted during vehicle acceleration to a fluid motor selectively coupled to a drive shaft for powering the vehicle wheels.

Abstract: An operating and shock cylinder assembly for vehicle mounted underbody scraper and grader blades, plows and the like. The assembly of cylinders operates with hydraulic fluid and air, both under pressure, to move the blade or plow between retracted and road engaging positions. It also permits the blade to trip or yield when it engages a fixed obstacle in the road after which the blade quickly returns to its road engaging position. The assembly includes a pair of coacting cylinders which are first charged with air under pressure after which one of the cylinders is charged with hydraulic fluid under pressure. The hydraulic charge forces all of the air into the other cylinder and further compresses it, and this air operates as a powerful spring force or load on a piston in the cylinder that is connected to the pivotally mounted blade. Under this condition, the blade is firmly but yieldably biased into road engaging position.

Abstract: Wool fatty acid is effectively separated from wool alcohol or wool wax by treating a mixture of a multivalent metal soap of the fatty acid and the alcohol or wax with a heterogeneous system comprising a water phase and a water-immiscible solvent phase, and allowing the system to separate into respective phases.