Abstract: A variable-damping-force shock absorber includes a piezoelectric actuator for producing a displacement, a hydraulic pressure chamber filled with a working oil and having a volume variable in response to the displacement produced by said piezoelectric actuator, and a plunger slidably disposed in a sleeve and reciprocally movable in response to a change in the volume of said hydraulic pressure chamber. The sleeve and said plunger define therebetween a gap communicating with said hydraulic pressure chamber. A supply passage for supplying a working oil from an external working oil source into said hydraulic pressure chamber extends through the gap. A leakage of the working oil from the hydraulic pressure chamber through the gap can automatically be compensated for by working oil supplied through the supply passage. Since the working oil leaks from and is supplied into the hydraulic pressure chamber through the gap, the leakage and supply of the working oil are kept in equilibrium.

Abstract: To adjust the stroke of a control element actuated electromagnetically by means of a spring-mass oscillating system for displacement engines and to enable a freer arrangement of the electromagnetic setting device in the housing, in particular in a cylinder head of a displacement engine, the movement of the setting device is transferred to the control element, in particular one or more lift valves or flat slide valves, by means of a mechanical or hydraulic transmission system whose transformation ratio varies. Furthermore, devices are provided to adjust with precision the equilibrium position of the oscillating system. The electromagnetic setting device can also be combined with an end position attenuator and with a hydraulic compensating element.

Abstract: A brake valve for a vacuum brake force booster, wherein the valve body (33) is movably located on the pedal piston (32). The valve body, through two springs (35, 39) is held in a central position in which the brake pedal and pedal piston may move the valve body between booster deactivated and deactivated positions. Two electromagnets (37, 40) are provided which draw the valve body (33) both in the actuating direction and against the actuating direction. In this manner, the valve (17) can be actuated independently of the pedal force, to either release or apply braking pressure as for automatic antislip or traction control.

Abstract: Predetermined types of anti-locking brake systems equipped with a master cylinder and a pump, for controlling the pump, requiring sensors for detecting the position of the master piston within the longitudinal bore 7 of the master cylinder housing 1. Way sensors or way switches are provided for this purpose. The present invention provides a simple arrangement of this type of sensor comprising a reed contact 18 and an annular magnet 20, with the reed contact 18 being cast into a stationary sealing plug 13 of the master cylinder while the annular magnet 20 is inserted into a recess 21 within an extension 9 of the master piston 6 for movement with the master piston.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly and a motor vehicle power assist actuator utilizing the master cylinder assembly. In one form of the invention, a clutch actuator is provided in which the clutch may be actuated in the usual manner by depression of the clutch pedal to move the piston in the master cylinder assembly under the urging of the push rod or, in a power mode of the actuator, movement of the gear shift lever of the vehicle is sensed by a logic module whereupon the electric motor of the master cylinder assembly is energized in a sense to move the ball screw to apply a power assist force to the annular outer periphery of the rear end of the piston and thereby effect disengagement of the clutch. In another embodiment of the invention, the signal to the logic module to enable energization of the motor is generated by a switch connected to the clutch pedal so that the force for disengaging the clutch includes a manual force applied by the push rod and a power force applied by a ball screw.

Abstract: Hydraulic actuators are disclosed which are useful for controlling the reflecting surface of deformable mirrors or positioning the segments a segmented reflecting mirror. In one embodiment electrodistortive actuators are used to control movement of a piston into or out of a reservoir containing a fluid. The fluid controls movement of a second, smaller piston whose movement may be coupled to a surface whose shape or position it is desired to influence. In a second preferred embodiment two sets of actuators are used to permit the disclosed mechanism to impart movement in two directions to the reflecting surface or optical element whose shape or position it is desired to control.

Abstract: A brake pedal travel warning system for use in an automotive vehicle includes a brake pedal and a master cylinder associated with the brake pedal through a connecting link. The master cylinder includes a fluid reservoir containing brake fluid and a housing including an internal bore communicating with the fluid reservoir through a reservoir port, the bore defining a primary chamber and a second chamber. A primary piston is slidably disposed in a primary chamber and reciprocally moves therein. A secondary piston is slidably disposed in the secondary chamber. The master cylinder further includes a signal generation means associated with the primary piston for generating a warning signal in response to excessive piston travel in the primary chamber.

Abstract: A master cylinder (12) having a switch (70) which is activated by either a magnet (78) carried by a float (76) in a reservoir (40) or a pin (66) moved by a differential area piston (52). The switch (70) had a first blade (82) connected a source of electrical current (106) through an indicator light (124) and a second blade (88) connected to an electrical ground (114). A reed switch (100) is connected to the first (82) and second (88) blades and responds to the magnet to close an electrical circuit to operate the indicator light (124) if a low fluid level is present in the reservoir (40). A first contact (96) on the first blade (82) is positioned in switch 70 by a non-electrical conductive actuation pin (66) that extends through the housing (22) of the master cylinder (12).

Abstract: An electronically controlled brake device for controlling a brake pressure according to a manual input. While the dynamic pressure line is functioning normally, the dynamic pressure acts on one end of a push rod associated with a brake pedal to give such a force as to counteract the control input to the brake pedal. If the dynamic pressure line fails, the push rod comes into contact with a dynamic pressure piston to transmit the control input force to a master cylinder. An electronic pressure control valve is provided to adjust the connection of the dynamic pressure source with a reservoir and with a dynamic pressure chamber in response to the commands of an electronic control unit so that its output pressure will be in a predetermined relationship with the pedal stroke. Thus in normal conditions, a desired deceleration is obtained with a shorter pedal stroke and in the failure of dynamic pressure, a minimum deceleration is obtained with a lighter pedal force.

Abstract: A master cylinder having a housing with a first bore therein for retaining a pair of pistons which move in response to an input force and develop fluid pressure to effect a brake application. A second bore in the housing carries a differential area piston connected to the pressure chambers. A reed switch retained in the housing is aligned with a first magnet located on a float in a reservoir and a second magnet is attached to the differential area piston. A ferromagnetic shield located between the reed switch and second magnet has first and second openings located in a plane on either side of the reed switch. Should a failure occur in either pressure chamber, the differential area piston moves to allow magnetic field to pass through the openings in the shield and activate the reed switch to develop a warning signal and inform an operator of a failure mode condition in the master cylinder.

Abstract: In a brake booster, a master brake cylinder is connected to a brake pedal via a piston rod, which acts upon a master cylinder piston by way of which at least one brake chamber can be put at brake pressure. In this way, servo fluid flows via brake lines to corresponding wheel brake cylinder is a servo chamber, which via a control element communicates with a device for supplying servo fluid to the servo chamber. This control element is controlled via a travel transducer that detects the motion of the piston rod. A lever arrangement is also connected to the piston rod, and on its other end is operatively connected to the travel transducer, which triggers the control element via an electronic unit to maintain the servo pressure.

Abstract: An anti-locking automotive vehicle braking unit wherein to achieve a reduction of the costs of manufacture and of mounting with an increase of reliability in operation, a pneumatic device (39, 40) is provided for venting of the first power chamber (5) and/or evacuation of the second power chamber (6) of the vacuum brake power booster (1) in the event of a slip control action. This renders the boosting power of the vacuum brake power booster effective or ineffective in a direction opposed to the direction of actuation of the master brake cylinder (2).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for monitoring and controlling an anti-locking automotive brake system comprising a tandem master cylinder and an auxiliary pressure source, from which, in the event of anti-lock regulation, pressure fluid is supplied to the working chambers of the master cylinder. Auxiliary pressure regulation is performed with the aid of central valves and the auxiliary pressure source is turned on and off in response to the advance of the primary piston, a maximum distance being preset between the primary and the secondary piston. Once this space is exceeded, the central valve disposed in the primary piston, opens resulting in another advance of the primary piston and a switch-on of the auxiliary pressure source. If the primary piston after the auxiliary pressure source having been turned on, is not restored within the predetermined time interval, an error signal will be generated.

Abstract: An electrically driven master cylinder assembly and various vehicle control systems utilizing the master cylinder assembly. Several forms of master cylinder assemblies are disclosed. In the preferred form, the assembly includes an electric DC motor directly coupled to a master cylinder unit with the central axis of the motor coaxial with the central axis of the bore of the master cylinder, a ball nut is positioned within the housing of the electric motor for rotation with the armature of the motor, and a ball screw is positioned on the axis of the motor and is driven linearly in response to rotation of the armature.

Abstract: A brake actuating device for automotive vehicles comprises a hydraulic brake force booster and a hydraulic tandem master cylinder to which pressure is applied by the brake force booster and which is in communication with the hydraulic wheel brake circuits. The hydraulic piston of the brake force booster applies pressure to the primary master piston of the said hydraulic tandem master cylinder. Pressure is applied to the hydraulic piston of the hydraulic brake force booster from a hydraulic pressure source through a normally closed opening valve which, through a function electronic unit receiving by way of a control input in the form of a guide quantity, an input signal representative of the pedal travel is alternately opened and closed. Accordingly the hydraulic brake pressure build-up is effected in accordance with a predetermined function stored in the function electronic unit between pedal travel and brake pressure with no lost motion of the brake pedal.

Abstract: A braking apparatus for a vehicle has a booster for receiving, as a pilot pressure, a pressure of a master cylinder and for regulating a pressure from an auxiliary pressure source to a level predetermined times the pilot pressure. The booster is provided with an initial pressure raising mechanism for causing the booster to output a predetermined initial pressure in response to an initial actuation of a brake pedal.

Abstract: A brake locking mechanism of the anti-theft type for use with an automobile vehicular brake system having one or more fluid operated brakes, a master cylinder and an actuator for reciprocating a piston in the cylinder to apply and release the brakes. The locking mechanism has a housing adapted to fit between the master cylinder and the actuator, means such as a ratcheted rod within the housing for reciprocating the piston responsively to the actuator, and means such as a pawl operatively associated with the ratcheted rod for locking the reciprocating means with the piston in the brake applying position. The locking means is remotely controlled from a keyed or combination lockable control mechanism located in the driving compartment of the vehicle which may be mechanical or electronic.

Abstract: A vehicle power brake system, whereby a control pedal may be mounted, in mobile manner, on to a fixed support, for axially displacing, when operated, a rod connected, at one end, to the control pedal, and, at the other end, to a control member on a brake hydraulic circuit; at least one portion of the rod consisting of a screw connected, via the interposition of balls, to a nut screw integral with a hollow shaft on an electric motor, through which hollow shaft the aforementioned rod extends; the electric motor being controlled by a threshold comparator, an input of which is connected to the electric output of a compression measuring device located between the control pedal and the rod.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder has a housing containing two pressure chambers for connection to separate braking circuits. A pressure piston component forms pistons movable in the pressure chambers to supply fluid under pressure to the circuits. A balance piston has opposed surfaces subject to the pressures respectively in the chambers and is movable, in response to a pressure difference between the chambers, to reduce the pressure difference. Control valves operate in response to brake actuating movement of the piston component normally to isolate the chambers from a fluid supply reservoir, and a disabling device disables the respective control valves individually to prevent pressurization of one of the chambers when actuation of one brake only is required.

Abstract: A relay valve is operatively disposed between a pressurized air source and a work chamber of a brake booster. The relay valve has a pilot chamber so that the relay valve can feed the work chamber with a pressurized air, the pressure of which corresponding to that of a pressure applied to the pilot chamber. Electromagnetic valves are arranged to selectively connect the pilot chamber with the pressurized air source and the atmosphere. The valves are so controlled by an electronic control unit that the pilot chamber is supplied with pressurized air the pressure of which being determined in accordance with a brake pedal force applied from a brake pedal to an input means of the booster.

Abstract: A hydraulic motor vehicle brake system with a master cylinder (61) and a hydraulic power booster (24) connected upstream of the master cylinder (61), in which a pressure medium pump (1) which may be driven by an electric motor is used for providing an auxiliary hydraulic energy. The drive of the pressure medium pump (1) may be switched on by a pressure accumulator (26) which in the unbraked operation of the automotive vehicle is permanently kept on a pressure level sufficient for an initial actuation of the brake. The pressure accumulator (26) is charged by means of a pressure control valve (7) in which a valve passage (15, 17) is operable by a hydraulic pressure in the booster chamber (23) of the power booster (24) such as to ensure that upon pressurization of the booster chamber (23) a connection will be locked between the pressure accumulator (26) and the power booster (24).

Abstract: A system is disclosed including valves which are opened or closed dependent upon the position of master cylinder pistons. Upon commencement of slip control, pumps supply fluid either into the slip control cycle or into the working chambers depending upon the position of the pistons. As a result, the pistons are reset until a pin of the valve reaches a ramp or cam and the valve opens. When the valve is open at the start of the control, the pumps first supply fluid into the open cycle, and the pressure fluid discharged from the wheel brakes for slip control is replenished out of the pressure chambers until the pin contacts the ramp or cam whereby pressure fluid supply from the pumps takes place.

Abstract: A brake system with anti-skid control and/or traction slip control is disclosed. This system includes a pedal-operated braking pressure generator and an auxiliary-force-generating system connected between the brake pedal and the braking pressure generator for generating auxiliary forces for assisting the pedal force or for generating an opposed force dependent on the brake pedal travel, the rotational behavior of the wheels and on predetermined control patterns. Control elements in the form of electric linear motors or hydraulically or vacuum-driven servomotors are used for generating the auxiliary forces.

Abstract: In a brake system for automotive vehicles comprising a master cylinder, wheel cylinders and a device for anti-lock control, the piston of the master cylinder is positioned in its nominal position by the variable volume of delivery of a pressure fluid source, in particular, a pump. The actual position of the piston is determined by a sensing device which is mounted on axially movable parts of the tandem master cylinder, booster, pedal assembly or other elements. The volume of delivery of the pump is adjusted so as to cause the piston of the master cylinder and, thus, the brake pedal to assume the desired position. For this purpose, the pump is connected with the pressure chamber of the master cylinder. Advantageously, it will be accomplished thereby that the brake pedal will not depress through its full travel when, during the control mode, more pressure fluid is removed from the hydraulic system, in particular from the pressure chamber of the master cylinder than the pressure fluid pump is able to deliver.

Abstract: A brake pressure booster and modulator for vehicle brake systems, in which a displaceable part is disposed in a pressure chamber that is acted upon by a master cylinder and communicates with the wheel brake cylinders, this part being in turn part of a permanent magnet, so that with increasing or decreasing pressure from the master brake cylinder, a transfer storage of potential energy takes place to a simultaneously increasing extent in one or the other direction by a magnetic operative connection with a second magnet. To effect pressure modulations when anti-skid functions are realized, the second permanent magnet is in operative magnetic communication with the first magnet and simultaneously is subjected to the movement of this second permanent magnet to open a relief pressure chamber while simultaneously closing the primary pressure chamber.

Abstract: A manually/electrically operated brake system for applying a brake to a wheel of a vehicle, including a master cylinder operated by a brake operating member, to generate a manually controlled braking pressure according to an operation of the brake operating member, a wheel brake cylinder for applying a brake to the wheel, a primary fluid passage for connecting the master cylinder to the wheel brake cylinder, an electrically controlled pressure generating device for generating an electrically controlled braking pressure to produce a required braking effect determined based on at least one of an operating force and an operating stroke of the brake operating member, and a switching device provided in the primary fluid passage, for applying the electrically controlled braking pressure to the wheel brake cylinder while disconnecting the master cylinder from the wheel brake cylinder when the electrically controlled pressure generating device is normally functioning, and for applying the manually controlled braking

Abstract: A motor-operated brake system includes an input rod coupled to a brake pedal and displaceable with an axial thrust force commensurate with the depressing force on the brake pedal, a cylinder having at least one piston operable by the thrust force applied to the input rod for producing hydraulic pressure, the cylinder having a piston, a hydraulic pressure transmitting device for transmitting the hydraulic pressure generated by the cylinder to braking mechanisms associated respectively with wheels, a servo mechanism including an electric motor for producing rotational motion and a converting mechanism for converting the rotational motion from the electric motor to linear motion and transmitting the linear motion to the piston of the cylinder, the servo mechanism being arranged to apply an amplified force to the piston of the cylinder, a thrust detector for detecting the magnitude of the thrust force applied to the input rod, and a control device responsive to a signal from the thrust detector for generating a m

Abstract: A brake pressure control apparatus comprises a master cylinder (2), an auxiliary hydraulic power source (10), a booster (3), a comparator member (30), an inlet valve (28), a pressure raising member (31) and a limiter member (32). The comparator member (30) determines whether a fluid pressure in a fluid path connecting a boost chamber of the booster (3) with wheel brakes (8 and 9) is lower than a predetermined value. The inlet valve (28) cuts off flow of the fluid toward the wheel brakes (8 and 9) when it is determined that the fluid pressure in the fluid path connecting the boost chamber with the wheel brakes (8 and 9) is lower than the predetermined value. The pressure raising member (31) raises a brake pressure to be applied to the wheel brakes (8 and 9), based on a fluid pressure from the master cylinder. The limiter member (32) limits operation of the pressure raising member (31).

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system is described including a tandem master cylinder whose working chambers are connected by separate brake lines to pressure control valves of a brake slip control apparatus, having the wheel brakes connected downstream of the control valves. A pump unit including a pump communicates with the brake lines through pressure lines and non-return valves. Upon activation of the brake slip control apparatus, the drive of the pump is activated whereupon the pump feeds pressure fluid by way of the non-return valves into the brake line and the working chamber of the master cylinder. The fluid is under a pressure which is in excess of the maximum braking pressure attainable by actuation of the tandem master cylinder. For the purpose of pressure control, the tandem master cylinder includes central valves designed as control valves, by virtue of which the pressure in the working chambers is kept at the pressure level predetermined by an actuating force at the brake pedal.

Abstract: A brake system with hydraulic power assistance having a control valve which connects a fluid pressure to a brake booster for normal braking and disables the brake booster and connects fluid pressure to a counterpiston which moves an output piston enlarging the output pressure space and thereby lowering the brake pressure during antilock control. The source of pressure may be a brake pedal proportional booster pressure derived from an auxiliary pressure source or may be the auxiliary pressure source itself.

Abstract: A flexible bellows connecting device which positions an output member has a pair of jacks (1,2) equipped with deformation sensors (12,13). A pair of variable capacity bellows pump reservoirs (3,4) permit predetermined motion of the jacks. An electric motor (19) drives the pump. The sensor signals provide deformation difference signal feedback to the electronic control system which may include a microprocessor (5) for closed loop position control.

Abstract: A hydraulic apparatus for remotely controlling the operative mode selector of a motor vehicle automatic transmission. The apparatus comprises a master cylinder having an input member operatively connected to the transmission operative mode selection or shift lever placed at the disposal of the motor vehicle operator, and a slave cylinder mounted on or proximate the transmission casing and having an output member connected to the transmission operative mode selector, the master cylinder and the slave cylinder being placed in fluid communication through flexible conduits such that each displacement of the master cylinder piston as a result of displacement of the master cylinder input member causes a corresponding displacement of the slave cylinder piston coupled to the slave cylinder output member.

Abstract: A vehicle braking system equipped with an adaptive braking system with traction control to control drive wheel slip during vehicle acceleration includes a conventional vacuum brake booster having a vacuum chamber normally connected to engine manifold vacuum and an atmospheric chamber connected to the vacuum chamber when the brakes are released but which is connected to atmosphere when a brake application is effected. The traction control system includes a control unit which actuates a solenoid valve under wheel slip conditions during vehicle acceleration to cut off communication between the vacuum chamber and engine manifold vacuum. The traction control system also cuts off communication between the vacuum chamber and the atmospheric chamber and initiates communication of the atmospheric chamber directly to engine manifold vacuum, thereby effecting a brake application proportional to engine manifold vacuum, which varies as a function of engine power.

Abstract: A brake system which has a brake booster, a brake pedal which acts via a travel simulator device upon the brake booster, at least one anti-skid valve, two sensors (S.sub.p, S.sub.I) and a pulse emitter. One of the sensors measures braking pressures. The other sensor (S.sub.I) measures the displacement distances of a piston, which is displaced in the brake booster to effect braking. A comparator connected to the sensors (S.sub.p, S.sub.I) switches the pulse emitter on whenever the piston travels a longer displacement distance than is permissible at a predetermined braking pressure. The pulse emitter controls the anti-skid valve such that a driver who actuates the brake system perceives changes in braking acceleration, and these changes are intended to emphatically cause him to seek a repair facility.

Abstract: A slip-controlled brake system for automotive vehicles comprising two static brake circuits (17, 18) into which pressure fluid can be introduced in case of control, comprising a master cylinder assembly (12) and a hydraulic booster (11), a hydraulic auxiliary-pressure supply system (2) as well as wheel sensors (S1 to S4) and electronic circuits (38) for determining the wheel rotational behavior and for generating electric braking-pressure control signals. The signals serve to control pressure-fluid inlet valves (4, 5, 6) and outlet valves (7, 8, 9) inserted into the pressure fluid lines (14, 17, 18) for the purpose of slip control. Connected upstream of the hydraulic booster (11) is a vacuum booster (1), the force-output member (51) of which is in operative engagement with the control piston (53) of the booster piston (54) of the hydraulic booster (1).

Abstract: A floating plate is provided in a cylinder chamber and slides freely like a piston. A first group of laminated, ring-shaped, thin-plate piezoelectric elements is provided between a fixed support member provided on part of a wall portion of this cylinder chamber and the floating plate. A second group of laminated, cylindrical, thin-plate piezoelectric elements is provided in the center of the first group and a working member is provided on the free end of the second group of elements that is not attached to the floating plate. A hydraulic chamber is formed in the cylinder chamber on the side of the floating plate opposite to the side on which the first and second groups of elements are provided, and the pressure in this hydraulic chamber pushes the floating plate in the direction of the fixed support member.

Abstract: A piston in a first cylinder is driven as a piezoelectric element group, which includes a plurality of laminar piezoelectric elements stacked in layers, extends or contracts. A second cylinder is formed so as to connect with a first fluid pressure chamber which is defined in the first cylinder by the piston. A piston-shaped valve member is disposed in the second cylinder. The valve member is urged toward the first fluid pressure chamber by a spring. The first fluid pressure chamber is supplied with a fluid whose pressure is set by means of a selector valve. When the selector valve is closed, the fluid pressure chamber is defined as an independent compartment. In this state, high voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element group to elongate it, thereby driving the piston. Thus, the valve member is actuated by the fluid pressure inside the first fluid pressure chamber, and a fluid passage is opened and closed by the valve member.

Abstract: A brake booster includes a solenoid valve which enables the opening or closing of a passage which provides a communication between a constant and a variable pressure chamber through a valve mechanism. The invention utilizes an empty space left within the constant pressure chamber for disposing a solenoid valve therein. The solenoid valve is mounted on a valve body in a manner to utilize the entry space efficiently to allow the solenoid valve to be mounted on the valve body without increasing the axial size of the brake booster.

Abstract: A brake system comprising a hydraulic braking pressure generator (1) to which are connected the brake wheels (6-9); an auxiliary pressure supply system including a hydraulic pump (10) and an auxiliary pressure control valve (12) causing an auxiliary-pressure proportional to the pedal force (F). Pressure-controlled multidirectional valves (27,28) are provided establishing a connection between either the braking pressure generator or the auxiliary pressure supply system and the wheel brakes (6-9). The pressure-controlled multidirectional valves (27,28) are structurally combined with a switching mechanism (41,42) to signal the operating condition of the brake system, in particular, a pressure breakdown or defective conditions of the valves. A connection is established, via one of the pressure-controlled multidirectional valves (27), between the pedal travel simulator and the braking pressure generator (1). The brake system can be applied to a slip-controlled system.

Abstract: In a hydraulic brake system for a vehicle of the kind comprising a fluid pressure source having a reservoir and a hydraulic booster having a power piston arranged to receive the pressure fluid of a control fluid chamber which is proportional to a stepping down force on a brake pedal, a normally open type valve is disposed in a fluid passage provided for returning the pressure fluid of the control fluid chamber to the reservoir and is arranged to close in response to a braking pressure retaining signal produced when the vehicle is stopped by brake application.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system for automotive vehicles with a master brake cylinder and with a hydraulic power booster (1) connected upstream of the master brake cylinder, in which a pressure medium pump (6) drivable by an electric motor (9) is employed for providing auxiliary hydraulic energy. The drive of the pressure medium pump (6) may be switched on by a pressure contact (13) of a pressure accumulator (4), on the one hand, and by a brake pedal contact (11), on the other hand. In the unbraked operation of the automotive vehicle, the pressure medium accumulator is permanently kept on a pressure level sufficient for an initial actuation of the brake. A valve assembly is provided which establishes a hydraulic connection between the outlet of the pressure medium pump (6) and the pressure port of the hydraulic power booster (1).

Abstract: A hydraulic brake booster including, master brake cylinder pistons disposed in telescoping fashion in a short housing structure, and a locking piston for the brake pedal actuation is disposed parallel to the master brake cylinder in axial alignment with the travel simulator and a brake valve. A further parallel disposition of an adjusting piston is acted upon by reservoir pressure and in which the master brake cylinder pistons are supported in a slidably displaceable manner.

Abstract: A brake pressure booster for vehicle brake systems, which can also be used to realize anti-skid functions, including a displaceable element, in the form of a permanent magnet, disposed in a pressure chamber and acted upon indirectly by the master brake cylinder to apply pressure to a brake fluid communicating with a wheel brake cylinder. The pressure chamber is embodied such that with increasing or decreasing brake pressure of the master brake cylinder, a transfer storage of potential energy that simultaneously increases in one or the other direction takes place, whereby it becomes possible to raise or lower the pressure of the wheel brake cylinders in the manner of boosting. Furthermore, by providing an electrical exciter coil, influence can also be exerted upon the boosting action of the brake pressure booster by an additional influence upon a magnetic position in order to generate anti-skid functions.

Abstract: A brake system for automotive vehicles is equipped with devices for the electric control of the brake force distribution and/or for the control of slip. The front wheels are connected to a pedal-actuated braking-pressure generator (1). In contrast thereto, the rear wheels (HR, HL) are acted upon with braking pressure by virtue of a braking pressure generator unit (5) which is composed of a vacuum servo unit (6) and a master cylinder (7) and which is actuated by a multidirectional control valve (4), such as a three-way/three-position rotary spool valve. The switch position of the valve (4) is responsive to the electric output signals of an electronic combining circuit (17, 17') which is, by way of wheel sensors, furnished with information about the rotational behavior of the wheels and the output of which circuit is electrically connected to the drive (19) of the three-way/three-position rotary spool valve (4).

Abstract: In a hydraulic dual-circuit brake system for motor vehicles, especially high-powered heavy passenger cars, in which the front wheel brakes combined in a front-axle brake circuit are exposed to higher thermal loads than the rearward brakes, brake fluid is conveyed by means of a feed pump to the outlet-pressure space for cooling the front wheel brakes following a braking phase. Circulated brake fluid flows from the master cylinder outlet pressure space assigned to the front-axle circuit, to the wheel brake cylinders, to an additional functional space of the primary piston in the master cylinder, and back to the supply vessel. The circulating fluid pump is controlled by a timing relay which is tripped by the brake-light switch and remains energized for a predetermined time interval to allow sufficient cooling by fluid circulation.

Abstract: In a body (3) enclosing at least one brake-pressure control device actuated manually (1, 1') there is mounted an isolating and pressure-reducing solenoid valve mechanism (18, 24) which selectively establishes communication between a brake circuit (22) and, on the one hand, the fluid outlet (8) of the device (1) and, on the other hand, a reservoir (10), the solenoid valve mechanism comprising a discharge end (30) emerging in an extension (33) of the reservoir (10).

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly of the type that a current quantity of operating fluid in the interior of a reservoir is detected by function of a float means, wherein the float means has an extension extending with its center of buoyancy disposed near the center line of the reservoir.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system for automotive vehicles provided with a hydraulic power booster (1) and with a master cylinder (10) operable by the power booster (1). The booster piston (2) is designed as stepped piston with a pedal-close portion (5) of smaller diameter and with a pedal-remote portion (6) of larger diameter. Together with a housing (11), the annular surface (12) of the booster piston (2) at the piston step encloses an annular space (13) of variable volume. The annular space (13) communicates with an unpressurized supply reservoir (22), which communication may be locked, and wherein in a pedal-remote pocket bore (7) of the booster piston (2) a master cylinder piston (8) confining a working chamber (17) is guided in a sealed manner. An annular chamber (14) confined by the pedal-remote annular surface of the booster piston (2) is pressurizable by the pressure of an auxiliary pressure source.

Abstract: A brake booster (10, 210, 310) connected to a control circuit (120) provides a system for the continued braking of a vehicle when the vehicle is situated on an incline and the brake pedal (92) is released by the operator. Continued brake application is accomplished by utilizing a control circuit (120) responsive to vehicular attitude, clutch pedal position, ignition status, vehicular speed, and vehicular direction. The control circuit (120) is connected to the combination of a check valve and three-way solenoid valve (100, 200, 300) connected to a movable wall brake booster (10, 210, 310). The combination valve (100) is connected to a flexible hose (110) disposed interiorily of the booster (10), the other end of the flexible hose (110) connected to the input opening (32) of a three-way poppet valve (70) located at the central hub (30) of the booster (10).

Abstract: A pump is constructed using a magnetic piston in a cylinder having an oil feed thereto, for pumping oil to either pressure chamber of a steering servomotor. The pump cylinder has a chamber on each side of the pump piston which chambers discharge pressure oil into a respective servomotor chamber. The magnetic piston is actuated by an electromagnetic system under control of a manually operated steering wheel. The pump construction is such that the length of traverse of the pump piston on a pressure movement is shorter than the piston traverse of a servomotor chamber being pressurized. The pump chambers discharge directly into respective servomotor chambers without the need for steering control valving.