Abstract: A system for a turbocharged internal combustion engine includes an engine having a charge inlet connected to the compressor outlet and an exhaust outlet connected to the turbine inlet for driving the turbocharger with hot exhaust gas and supplying compressed air to the engine for combustion. A bypass duct connects the compressor outlet to the turbine inlet for diverting a portion of the compressed air around the engine to the turbine inlet or exhaust. A control device selectively controls the diversion of air. An operating method for the system involves controlling peak cylinder firing pressure and/or maximum turbine inlet temperature, optionally with exhaust NOx and smoke in order to limit these variables to acceptable limits with a minimum of operational limitations.

Abstract: The turbocharged engine in accordance with the present invention comprises an EGR unit having an EGR passage linking an intake passage and an exhaust passage and an EGR valve provided in the EGR passage. The engine further comprises deceleration deciding unit for deciding as to whether a vehicle decelerates, and intake air release unit for opening the EGR valve and causing part of the intake air present in the intake passage to flow into the exhaust passage through the EGR passage when the deceleration deciding unit decides that the vehicle is decelerating.

Abstract: A control system for a compression ignition internal combustion engine is provided which is capable of expanding a region for executing compression ignition, on the low-load side, while positively obtaining a required power output from the engine. The amount of residual combustion gas is determined depending on operating conditions of the engine, and based on the determined amount of residual combustion gas, part of combustion gas is retained in each combustion chamber after combustion. It is judged whether or not supercharging of fresh air should be executed for self-ignition, based on the operating conditions of the engine, and when it is judged that the supercharging should be executed, supercharging of fresh air flowing to the combustion chamber is executed.

Abstract: A liquid primary fuel is ignited by HCCI with the assistance of the early injection of a liquid pilot fuel. Pilot fuel injection and/or ignition are preferably controlled so as to permit the injected pilot fuel to become thoroughly distributed through and mixed with the primary fuel/air charge in the combustion chamber and vaporized prior to ignition. Pilot fuel having a lower autoignition temperature will be ignited by compression ignition, followed by the ignition of the homogeneous mixture of the primary fuel and air. HCCI combustion of the primary fuel is facilitated by 1) selection of the properties of the primary and pilot fuels and 2) obtaining a homogenous mixture of primary fuel and air by injecting primary fuel into the engine's intake air stream in the form of finely atomized droplets having a mean diameter in the micron range.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for supplying sealing air to an exhaust turbine (15) that interacts with an internal combustion engine for turbo-compound operation in a vehicle. Exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine are received in an exhaust system having a supercharger turbine (11) and which drives a compressor (13) for the engine combustion air. Residual energy in the exhaust gas flow is recovered via the exhaust turbine (15) for transfer to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The exhaust turbine (15) is supported in a bearing housing (32), which is fed with sealing air via a fluid line (36). The exhaust system includes an exhaust brake throttle (16) having an exhaust gas pressure regulator (22) for regulating the exhaust brake pressure. The exhaust gas pressure regulator (22) is connected via a compressed air line (28) to a compressed air source (29, 30), which can be connected in parallel to the bearing housing (32) via a prioritizing valve (35) and a compressed air line (36).

Abstract: In the control system for a turbo-charged diesel aircraft engine, the engine speed and the fuel injection amount are controlled by a single control lever in such a manner that the engine speed and the fuel injection amount maintain a predetermined fixed relationship in which the fuel injection amount is always smaller than a smoke limit amount. The control system further includes a boost compensator, that restricts the fuel injection amount to a value less than a boost pressure fuel limit determined by the boost pressure of the engine, and an altitude compensator that restricts the fuel injection amount to the value less than an altitude fuel limit.

Abstract: A system for limiting rotational speed of a turbocharger includes means for determining a change in an engine operating parameter, a fueling system responsive to a fueling signal to supply fuel to the engine, and a controller determining a fueling command that is air-to-fuel or oxygen-to-fuel control (AFC/OFC) limited under certain engine operating conditions and is otherwise not AFC/OFC limited. The controller is operable to produce the fueling signal as a function of the fueling command, and to further limit the fueling signal according to a turbocharger speed fuel limit in a manner that limits the speed of the turbocharger to a first turbocharger speed limit whenever the fueling command is AFC/OFC limited. The controller is operable to remove the turbocharger speed fuel limit from the fueling signal when the change in the engine operating parameter exceeds a threshold value and the fueling command is thereafter no longer AFC/OFC limited.

Abstract: A blow-off valve apparatus is used in an internal combustion engine having a supercharger. The apparatus has an inlet for receiving compressed air from the compressor of the supercharger, and two outlets, one of which exhausts the air to atmosphere and the other, of which is connected to the compressor inlet, to direct some of the air back to the compressor. The apparatus includes a sleeve configured for variably closing the outlets so as to vary the proportion of the air exhausted, relative to that directed back to the compressor. The sleeve can be moved manually by an actuator. A further sleeve is configured for shutting off the outlets when the engine conditions do not require air to be diverted by the apparatus, and to open them when the engine conditions are suitable.

Abstract: A device and a method for controlling an internal combustion engine with an air system are described. At least one variable characterizing the air system is determined on the basis of at least one correcting variable and/or at least one measured variable characterizing the state of the ambient air, using at least one model. The model includes at least one first and one second submodel. Using a submodel, the output variables are determined on the basis of input variables. As input variables of the first submodel, besides at least one output variable of a second submodel, the correcting variable and/or the measured variable are additionally taken into account.

Abstract: In the control system for a turbo-charged diesel aircraft engine, the engine speed and the fuel injection amount are controlled by a single control lever in such a manner that the engine speed and the fuel injection amount maintain a predetermined fixed relationship in which the fuel injection amount is always smaller than a smoke limit amount. The control system further includes a boost compensator, that restricts the fuel injection amount to a value less than a boost pressure fuel limit determined by the boost pressure of the engine, and an altitude compensator that restricts the fuel injection amount to the value less than an altitude fuel limit.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for controlling an internal combustion engine (20) which achieve an optimal efficiency in different operating states. An opening time of an inlet valve (5) of a cylinder (1) of the engine (20) is variably adjusted. Depending upon an operating variable, especially the engine speed, two operating states of the engine (20) are distinguished. In a first operating state, during an intake operation, an opening of the inlet valve (5) is delayed. In a second operating state, a closing of the inlet valve is delayed and carried out during a compression operation.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) has an intake system (12) that includes a turbocharger (32). An engine control (30) processes data for controlling the opening of the exhaust valves (24) and for controlling fueling of the engine in relation to the engine operating cycle. In response to initiation of engine acceleration, the control increasingly retards exhaust valve opening in relation to the engine operating cycle to cause the turbocharger to increase pressure in the intake manifold (14) and increases engine fueling in relation to the increased pressure in the intake manifold.

Abstract: Exemplary methods, devices and/or system for enhancing engine performance through use of one or more compressors and/or one or more turbines. An exemplary system includes an electric compressor to boost intake charge pressure supplied to an internal combustion engine; an electric turbine to generate electrical power from exhaust received from the internal combustion engine; and an electric power control to provide electrical power from a power storage to the electric compressor upon a request for boost and to provide electrical power generated by the electric turbine to the electric compressor after a request for boost and upon a depletion of the power storage to a predetermined power storage level. Various other exemplary methods, devices and/or systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A turbocharger (32) creates intake manifold boost for a diesel engine (10) that has a variable valve actuation mechanism. At times, exhaust valve opening (EVO) is increasingly retarded in relation to the engine operating cycle (56) to cause the turbocharger to increase boost, engine fueling is also increased in relation to the increased boost (58), and in response to any incipient surging of the compressor resulting from such increasingly retarded exhaust valve opening and such increased engine fueling, compressed charge air is bled from the intake manifold through the combustion chambers to the exhaust system (62) to counter the incipient surging and thereby avoid any significant turbocharger surge. The bleeding is accomplished by keeping the exhaust valves (24) slightly open beyond the time that they would otherwise close.

Abstract: A turbocharged internal combustion engine is provided with a diverter valve arranged to divert part of the exhaust gas flow along a conduit for introduction into a turbine region. Exhaust gases flow from the conduit, through appropriate galleries in the turbocharger casing, into internal passages formed in at least some of the stator blades. From the internal passages, the exhaust gas passes through holes positioned near the downstream ends of the convex surfaces of the stator blades. In this manner, the diverted gas is introduced into the comparatively lower pressure of the turbine region thereby enabling the diverted exhaust gas to rejoin the mainstream exhaust gas and to do useful work in driving the rotor blades while, at the same time, avoiding choking the stator blades.

Abstract: A method for controlling a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine includes controlling a variable (x) using different control characteristics in each of at least four sub-ranges defined by a gradient (dx/dt) of the variable to be controlled (x) and a difference (x) between the variable to be controlled (x) and a control variable (xs). An apparatus for controlling a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine includes a controller having a range of control that includes at least four sub-ranges devided in accordance with a gradient (dx/dt) of the variable to be controlled (x) and a difference (x) between the variable to be controlled (x) and a control variable (xs).

Abstract: A method and apparatus of operating a turbo-charged diesel locomotive engine to facilitate controlling pressure in an engine cylinder is provided. The method includes determining an allowable peak firing pressure for the turbo-charged diesel engine, determining an actual peak firing pressure, and comparing the allowable peak firing pressure to actual peak firing pressure to control the operation of the turbocharger for controlling peak firing pressure. The apparatus includes a diesel engine including an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, an electronic fuel controller, a turbo-charger, and a motor-generator coupled to the turbocharger and operable to at least one of increase turbocharger rotational speed, decrease turbocharger rotational speed, and maintain turbocharger rotational speed, and a controller including a first input corresponding intake manifold air pressure and a second input corresponding to fuel injection timing for the engine and including as an output a motor-generator configuration signal.

Abstract: A device for switching an exhaust gas turbocharger and an exhaust gas turbocharger having such a device are described. The device is used for exhaust gas turbochargers (1) having a variable turbine geometry as well as for other turbochargers (e.g., waste-gate turbochargers) having an (electronically) regulated final controlling element. The exhaust gas turbocharger is switched by a switching signal P from a regulated operation A with a boost pressure regulator (2) to an unregulated operation B with a boost pressure control (3), wherein a delay device (4) is provided for generating the switching signal P with a time delay.

Abstract: A control system for a variable-geometry turbocharger connected to an internal combustion engine, whereby the geometry of the turbocharger is controlled alternatively according to a first operating mode, a second operating mode or a third operating mode; the system providing for switching from one operating mode to another fully automatically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the boost pressure on an unsteady-running piston internal combustion engine with a turbocharger. According to the inventive method, a blow-off valve, which is connected upstream from the supercharger turbine in the exhaust gas tract, is controlled by an engine control, the position of the pedal and a boost-proportional gradient are detected by the engine control when initiating an acceleration operation and, when a predeterminable value for the boost-proportional gradient is surpassed, the blow-off valve is actuated in an opening direction in order to effect a predeterminable controlled increase of pressure.

Abstract: A turbocharger (32) creates intake manifold boost for a diesel engine (10). At times, exhaust valve opening is increasingly retarded in relation to the engine operating cycle to cause the turbocharger to increase boost, engine fueling is also increased in relation to the increased boost, and in response to any incipient surging of the compressor resulting from such increasingly retarded exhaust valve opening and such increased engine fueling, compressed charge air is bled from the intake manifold to counter the incipient surging and thereby avoid any significant turbocharger surge.

Abstract: A variable nozzle turbocharger (12) creates engine boost. Boost is controlled by controlling the position of vanes within turbocharger. A processor develops a control signal (29) for controlling vane position. The processor develops a value for desired boost and processes that value with a value. corresponding to the amount of boost being created by the turbocharger to generate error data (48A) defining error between the amount of boost being created by the turbocharger and the desired boost, and the processor develops a component of the control signal by P-LI-D processing (62) of the error data. Other components of the control signal are a feed-forward value from a look-up table (34) and a value from an overspeed protection function (60).

Abstract: A method for a closed-loop or an open-loop control of a forced-induction internal combustion engine that includes an exhaust turbocharger having an exhaust turbine with a variable turbine geometry for a variable adjustment of an effective turbine cross section and with a boost-air compressor, different operating states of the engine are assigned different characteristic maps with engine-operating and/or engine-state variables and the turbine geometry is adjusted in accordance with the characteristic maps between an open position and a pressure build-up position. When there is a change in a significant engine parameter, the system switches between two characteristic maps.

Abstract: A method and system for reliably and cost effectively operating a turbocharged diesel engine by injecting propane in gaseous form from a vehicle mounted tank into the engine by the use of a fuel pressure regulator valve responsive to the boost pressure of the engine turbocharger to adjust fuel flow correspondingly. A safety switching arrangement requires manual reactivation of the system each time the engine is restarted.

Abstract: An aircraft control system includes a propeller governor in which a stepper motor is used to apply a compression force on a speeder spring, and a turbocharger in which a stepper motor is used to actuate a needle valve associated with a diaphragm cell. An electronic control unit may be used to control the stepper motor in the propeller governor and the stepper motor in the turbocharger. The integration of the propeller governor and the turbocharger into a single control system decreases the number of individual adjustments that must be performed manually by the pilot.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for avoiding transient compressor surge in a turbocharged internal combustion engine. The system includes a control circuit responsive to at least one engine operating parameter to determine a minimum fueling limit that is generally higher under certain engine operating conditions than the default engine fueling value. Under such conditions, the minimum fueling limit is used to establish a lower limit of fuel supplied to the engine in order to avoid turbocharger transient compresser surge conditions. In one embodiment, the at least one engine operating parameter includes intake manifold air pressure, and in an alternative embodiment, the at least one engine operating parameter further includes intake manifold air temperature. In either case, the at least one engine operating parameter also preferably includes engine speed.

Abstract: The performance of a compression ignition internal combustion engine is improved by optimizing a cylinder pressure-dependent parameter on a full time, full range basis using in-cylinder pressure measurements to determine the actual value of the parameter to be optimized. The basic procedure is to determine the desired or optimum value of the parameter, determine the actual value of the parameter or a related parameter, and then adjusting an engine operating characteristic such as air/fuel ratio to maintain the controlled parameter at its optimum value. The preferred parameter is a cylinder pressure ratio (CPR) obtained by dividing first and second values of cylinder pressure, and sensed at different points in a thermodynamic cycle, by one another. The sensed values are preferably a first value Po, obtained during the compression stroke, and a second value Pa, obtained after combustion is complete.

Abstract: An engine with a charger, in which an intake passage is provided with a throttle valve which is electronically controlled to a target opening degree and the charger on the upstream side of the throttle valve, wherein a target supercharged pressure is corrected in a direction of eliminating a delay in the intake air amount based upon a difference between the target supercharged pressure of the charger and the supercharged pressure detected on the upstream side of the throttle valve, to thereby set a target supercharged pressure of the throttle valve based on the corrected target supercharged pressure. This suppresses a delay in the intake air amount caused by a delay in the change of the supercharged pressure during the transient period, makes it possible to accomplish acceleration/deceleration performance of good response, and suppresses a torque difference that occurs when the combustion system is changed over to the stratified charge combustion or to the homogeneous combustion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having one or more parallel exhaust-driven turbochargers that each comprise an activatable delivery capacity adjusting unit for variable adjustment of the boost air delivery capacity with malfunction monitoring of each individual delivery capacity adjusting unit wherein, upon detection of a malfunction of a respective delivery capacity adjusting unit, a corresponding malfunction datum is emitted.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine with a turbocharger is suggested, in the case of which a limiting of the exhaust gas counterpressure is provided in the braking operating mode of the internal-combustion engine.

Abstract: An apparatus (11) for controlling the peak pressure in the combustion chamber (46) of a turbo-charged diesel locomotive engine (12). A pressure relief valve (56) is disposed in the compressor discharge downstream of the turbo-charger (18). The relief valve (56) is operable to release a selected amount (58) of the compressed air (24) produced by the compressor section (20) of turbo-charger (18). The actuation of valve (56) may be a function of the pressure of the compressed air (24), and/or a manifold air temperature signal (52) and a fuel injection timing signal (40). An actuator (60) attached to valve (56) is responsive to a valve position signal (62) generated by a controller (38) having the appropriate inputs and programmed logic capability.

Abstract: A device for limiting the supercharger speed which makes do without a speed sensor or an atmospheric pressure sensor has a bandpass filter which filters out a spectral component from the output signal of a boost pressure sensor arranged in the induction pipe of the engine, the spectral component appearing in the signal spectrum of the boost pressure sensor when the air column in the induction pipe is set into a vibration which develops when the compressor of the turbocharger rotates at the maximum permissible speed.

Abstract: To achieve a very sturdy automatic control of the boost pressure, the integration of system deviation of the boost pressure, which is carried out by an integrator, is limited to a predefinable limiting value. Limiting value is composed of a basic value and a correction value superimposed upon it. Correction value is determined adaptively as a function of speed, a plurality of speed ranges being predefined. Adapted correction value can be increased or reduced stepwise, which mainly depends on whether the integral-action component of the manipulated variable for the boost pressure is smaller or greater than the current limiting value.

Abstract: A supercharged internal combustion engine which includes a turbocharger which includes a compressor and a turbine in communication with ambient air wherein that air is pressurized by the compressor to greater than ambient pressure. An intercooler, in communication with the outlet of the compressor, reduces the temperature of the greater than ambient pressure air. An intake manifold, in communication with the outlet of the intercooler, distributes the cooled and above ambient pressure air into an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine, which may be a diesel engine, a spark ignition gasoline engine or a direct ignition gasoline engine, is provided with an exhaust manifold in communication with the turbine of the turbocharger.

Abstract: A system for controlling fueling of an internal combustion engine based upon vehicle position includes a receiver associated with the vehicle that is capable of receiving position and altitude information. The vehicle includes a control computer that delivers control signals to an engine fueling system, as well as to a turbocharger control system. The control computer includes a module that receives the altitude information and uses that information to evaluate changes in ambient air pressure that might detrimentally affect turbocharger speed. In one embodiment, the control computer reduces the fueling signal to reduce engine speed in relation to a decrease in ambient air pressure accompanying an increase in vehicle elevation. In another embodiment, the control computer uses the highly accurate altitude information together with engine speed information provides signals to the turbocharger control system.

Abstract: An engine control system comprising a variable valve actuating mechanism for an engine which may consists of a mechanism capable of varying valve timing, a variable capacity supercharger which may consists of a turbocharger provided with moveable vanes for varying a cross sectional area of an exhaust gas passage leading to a turbine wheel, and a control unit for controlling a valve actuating operation of the valve actuating mechanism and a capacity varying operation of the variable capacity supercharger. The capacity of the supercharger is controlled by taking into account the operating conditions of the valve actuating mechanism. Thus, the control unit is capable of achieving a precise and prompt control action, and, by appropriately determining the control plan, it is possible to increase the maximum output of the engine and/or to reduce strain on the engine.

Abstract: An air and fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to be open and closed respectively for opening and closing one of separated intake passages in which a compressor of the turbosupercharger is disposed, an intake air relief valve operative selectively to be open and closed respectively for opening and closing a relief passage provided for detouring the compressor of the second supercharger, a cutoff valve controller operative to control the intake air cutoff valve to be closed so that the turbosupercharger is restrained from supercharging the engine and to be open so that the turbosupercharger works for supercharging the engine, a relief valve controller operative to control the intake air relief valve to be closed before the intake air cutoff valve is opened and to be open after the intake air cutoff valve is closed, an air flow sensor for detecting intake air mass flow

Abstract: An air and fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of superchargers including a turbosupercharger, an intake air cutoff valve operative selectively to be open and closed respectively for opening and closing one of separated intake passages in which a compressor of the turbosupercharger is disposed, a cutoff valve controller operative to control the intake air cutoff valve to be closed so that the turbosupercharger is restrained from supercharging the engine when intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively small and to control the intake air cutoff valve to be open so that the turbosupercharger works for supercharging the engine when the intake air mass flow fed to the engine is to be relatively large, and air flow sensor for detecting intake air mass flow passing through an intake passage from which the separated intake passages are branched, a fuel supply controller operative to control quantity of fuel supplied to the engine in accordance with a dete

Abstract: A twin wastegate valve for an exhaust gas driven turbocharger in which exhaust gas is communicated to the turbine wheel through separate inlet passages includes a pair of wastegate valve members mounted for pivoting movement relative to a support. The support is pivotally mounted on the actuating arm. Accordingly, small differences in the height of the valve seat caused by wear or by manufacturing tolerances do not affect closure of the valve.

Abstract: A slip value of a driving wheel is calculated on the basis of driving and driven wheel velocities detected by wheel velocity sensors. A target engine output of a vehicle is set in accordance with the slip value of the driving wheel. A target fuel amount to the engine is set in accordance with the target engine output. A target opening of a throttle valve is set based on the target fuel amount. An opening correction value of the throttle valve is calculated in accordance with a deviation between the target fuel amount and an actual fuel amount to the engine detected by a fuel controller. A traction controller controls to cause the engine output to coincide with the target engine output by ontrolling the opening of the throttle valve to attain an opening as a sum of the target opening and the opening correction value.

Abstract: An air/fuel control system for a supercharged automotive engine includes a supercharger for supercharging air to be supplied to the engine, a detecting device for detecting a plurality of parameters representative of an engine operating condition, an air/fuel ratio regulating unit for adjusting the air/fuel mixing ratio to an arbitrarily chosen predetermined value, and a control unit for controlling the air/fuel ratio regulating unit. The control unit is designed to cause the air/fuel ratio regulating unit to adjust the air/fuel mixing ratio to a predetermined value higher than the stoichiometric value when the detecting device indicates that the engine is in a normal operating condition while the supercharger is operated, and also to adjust the air/fuel mixing ratio to a predetermined value lower than the stoichiometric value when the detecting device indicates that the engine is under an operating condition in which a relatively high engine power output is required.

Abstract: In a turbocharged engine, a bypass passage bypassing the impeller of the turbocharger is provided in the intake system to be opened and closed by a bypass valve. A flow control valve is provided in the intake system on the intake side or discharge side of the impeller. During heavy load operation of the engine, the bypass valve is closed and the flow control valve is opened so that all intake air flows through the impeller of the turbocharger. On the other hand, during light load operation of the engine, the bypass valve is opened and the flow control valve is partly closed so that the ratio of the pressure in the intake system downstream of the impeller to the pressure in the intake system upstream of the impeller is set near the surging line but below the same.

Abstract: For a combustion procedure for internal combustion engines, in which a fuair mixture with back-fed exhaust gas is introduced into a combustion chamber, a highly-combustible fuel-air mixture without back-fed exhaust gas in introduced into at least one precombustion chamber, which is connected by means of at least one opening with the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A safety device is proposed for an internal combustion engine which is operated with supercharging in combination with both a fuel metering system and a control unit for the instant of ignition. The safety device is characterized in that it controls the fuel metering in accordane with the volumetric efficiency of the engine. In the case of an excessively high volumetric efficiency, a defect of the charger or of the charge-pressure regulator is presumed. In order to protect the engine from mechanical and thermal overload, the fuel metering in this case is either reduced or shut off completely. The subsequent reinitiation of the fuel metering is suitably effected in combination with a late instant of ignition or a late injection onset in order to prevent a jump in torque.

Abstract: Embodiments of supercharged internal combustion engines employing improved induction systems for providing better performance at idle low speeds and upon acceleration. A simplified bypass and pressure relief system is incorporated in each embodiment for permitting the engine to induct air directly and independently of the supercharger at low speeds and on acceleration from low speed. A pressure relief valve is also incorporated for relieving excess pressure from the supercharger back to the bypass in the event of excessive supercharger pressures. The system also embodies a fuel injection device that has the pressure of fuel injection controlled in relation to the pressure in the intake passage into which it discharges. Furthermore, an auxiliary induction system is provided for inducing turbulence in the intake charge at low engine speeds to improve efficiency under these conditions.

Abstract: A fuel supply control method for electronically controlling the fuel supply to an internal combustion engine equipped with a supercharger. Pressure in the intake passage downstream of a throttle valve arranged therein is detected by first and second pressure sensor means, whereas a plurality of predetermined values of basic fuel quantity are stored in each of first and second storage means corresponding, respectively, to the first and second pressure sensor means, which are functions of the intake passage pressure and the engine rpm.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an air-fuel ratio control system, an exhaust gas recirculation system and an ignition system. At least one of the systems is adjusted when the intake air temperature is very high so that fast combustion is suppressed. The adjustment is effective to prevent detonation or similar unusual combustion which may occur under a very high temperature of the intake air.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a supercharger which includes an intake port, an intake passage communicated with the intake port and a compressor interposed in the intake passage and compressing the intake air flowing through the intake passage. A unidirectional valve such as a reed valve is disposed inside the intake passage in series with the compressor in order to prevent backflow of the supercharged air inside the intake passage and thus to prevent a drop in the engine output when a throttle valve inside the intake passage is abruptly closed.

Abstract: In an engine system including an internal combustion engine and an exhaust turbine supercharger, a valve stop mechanism is provided to stop the throttle valve of the engine in an angular position anterior to the idle position thereof when the throttle valve is suddenly moved toward the idle position in the presence of an air pressure higher than a predetermined value in the air induction passageway of the engine downstream of the compressor unit of the supercharger and upstream of the throttle valve of the engine so as to preclude production of pressure surges in exhaust turbine supercharger.

Abstract: A turbosupercharging system for internal combustion engines, both otto cycle and diesel cycle, simultaneously varies the geometry of both the compressor discharge diffuser housing and the turbine inlet nozzle housing in a fixed relationship. The geometry variation is preferably accomplished by a single actuator which is positioned for optimum turbomachine geometry by a control responsive to selected engine parameters such as engine output torque demand and/or internal combustion engine volume flow. The variable geometry turbosupercharger effectively changes the size of the machine for varying engine operating conditions resulting in increased efficiency over the entire engine operating range.