Abstract: A combined cycle power system is provided including at least one solar power plant including a concentrating dish configured to concentrate solar radiation; a solar receiver disposed and configured to utilize concentrated solar radiation for heating a first working fluid, and a first turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated first working fluid, and at least one recovery power plant including a heat recovery unit configured for utilizing exhaust heat of the first turbine to heat a second working fluid, and a second turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated second working fluid.

Abstract: A solar power plant in a new split configuration of a solar Brayton cycle or Brayton/Rankine combined cycle which comprises an array of heliostat mounted mirrors, a solar receiver and a high pressure section of a Brayton cycle power plant mounted near a top of a solar tower, a low pressure section of the Brayton Cycle power plant and the electric generator mounted near or at ground level.

Abstract: A solar power plant includes central receiver modules arranged in a regular pattern. Each central receiver module includes a tower, a central receiver mounted on the tower, and a heliostat array bounded by a polygon. The heliostat array includes heliostats with mirrors for reflecting sunlight to the central receiver. The heliostats are grouped in linear rows and each of the rows is parallel to another row. The locations of the heliostats are staggered between adjacent rows. The power plant also includes a power block for aggregating power from the central receivers and power conduits for transferring power from the central receivers to the power block.

Abstract: A solar powered generator assembly is provided for driving a turbine using steam produced by solar power. The assembly includes a fluid tank and a fluid line having a first end and a second end each in fluid communication with the fluid tank. A fluid is positioned in the fluid tank and the fluid line. A lens focuses solar rays into a heat collector coupled to the lens. The heat collector has a reflective curved interior surface configured for reflecting solar rays to facilitate heating the heat collector. A medial portion of the fluid line is wrapped around and heated by the heat collector converting the fluid into a gaseous state. A turbine is operationally coupled to the fluid line driving the turbine to produce electrical current.

Abstract: Method for dimensioning a solar generation system and the solar generation system obtained, including a solar radiation heat absorber for a Stirling engine. The Stirling engine includes a head and a heat exchanger surrounding the head of the engine, the absorber having a cavity shaped so as to be joined onto the head of the engine and to transfer heat to the heat exchanger. The method includes the step of giving the absorber such a mass as to guarantee stable operation of the Stirling engine during temporary periods of predefined duration wherein the solar radiation is insufficient to guarantee operation of the engine (Pric<Pabs+Ploss).

Abstract: An apparatus for utilizing radiation is disclosed. The apparatus may comprise a collector unit, a transfer unit and a working unit. The collector unit comprises at least one radiation reflecting surface adapted to focus radiation and to direct said radiation to said transfer unit. The transfer unit may comprise at least one transparent section, which is integrated into a wall of a first working fluid reservoir of said working unit. The first working fluid reservoir may comprise working fluid, wherein said transfer unit is arranged such as to directly transmit radiation to said working fluid to heat said working fluid.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for operating a solar steam system in response to a detected or predicted reduced or impending reduced insolation event are disclosed herein. Examples of transient reduced insolation events include but are not limited to cloud-induced reduction in insolation, dust-induced reduction in insolation, and insolation events caused by solar eclipses. In some embodiments, in response to the detecting or predicting, steam flow is regulated within the solar steam system to reduce a flow rate into a steam turbine. Alternatively or additionally, one or more heliostats may be responsively redirected onto a steam superheater or steam re-heater.

Abstract: A dual hybrid heating apparatus, method of assembly and operation to pre-heat vaporizable fluid by free heat sources—waste heat from heat recovery units and insolation. The pre-heated vaporizable fluid is routed to where a parabolic dish solar concentrator vaporizes it to turn a blade of a turbine generator to generate electricity. Heat is extracted from the vapor to form condensate, but the vapor also heats the condensate before being cooled by heat exchange with fluid cooled by a cooling tower.

Abstract: A receiver system for harnessing solar radiation. Embodiments of a receiver system include a receiver including one or more receiver elements, each receiver element including: a plurality of transparent tubes including a first tube and at least one second tube at least partially within the first tube; a first passage interposed between the first tube and the at least one second tube, the first passage having an inlet and an outlet; a second passage within the at least one second tube, the second passage having an inlet and an outlet; and an absorber in the at least one second tube, the absorber adapted to absorb the solar radiation. In some embodiments, a receiver further includes a housing having at least one transparent portion, the housing configured to enclose the plurality of receiver elements, whereby a third passage is formed between the first tube and the housing.

Abstract: A solar power generation system includes a solar receiver disposed on a tower that receives radiant heat reflected from a field of solar collectors. The solar receiver includes an evaporator having a plurality of vertically oriented tubes to form a panel for receiving a fluid, such as water and/or steam, wherein the tubes have a rifled internal surface. The fluid within the tubes has a mass flow greater than 0.2×106 lb/hr/ft3 at a pressure in the range of 100-2850 psia, wherein radiant heat fluxes on the outside of the tubes exceed 185,00 but/hr/ft2.

Abstract: A closed Rankine cycle power plant using an organic working fluid includes a solar trough collector for heating an organic working fluid, a flash vaporizer for vaporizing the heated organic working fluid, a turbine receiving and expanding the vaporized organic working fluid for producing power or electricity, a condenser for condensing the expanded organic working fluid and a pump for circulating the condensed organic working fluid to the solar trough collector. Heated organic working fluid in the flash vaporizer that is not vaporized is returned to the solar trough collector.

Abstract: A solar-thermal concentrator for a expeditionary power generator system including a portable power plant that utilizes a hybridized solar/fuel Stirling engine to supply electric power in an expeditionary setting. The concentrator includes a collapsible dish assembly that is pivotably and tiltably mounted on a portable base assembly, where the dish assembly includes a lightweight frame including a central mounting structure and multiple truss-like radial arms that are rigidly connected to and extend radially from the central mounting structure, and a reflector panel assembly including multiple flat, fan-shaped reflector panels that are secured to the frame and disposed in a semi-circular pattern. Each reflector panel includes multiple reflectors that collectively form a substantially flat Fresnelized reflective surface that redirects incident sunlight into a focal region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam Rankine cycle solar plant and a method of operating thereof. The plant comprises a high-pressure steam turbine with an inlet, an intermediate stage that is downstream of a first stage, and an outlet. A lower-pressure steam turbine with an inlet is fluidly connected to the outlet of the high-pressure steam turbine. The plant further comprises a focal point solar concentrator that is configured and located to superheat steam, by either direct or indirect means, as it is fed to the high-pressure steam turbine, and a first linear solar concentrator that is configured and located to reheat steam from the high-pressure steam turbine as it is fed to the lower-pressure steam turbine.

Abstract: A self-sustaining, portable, power station that may be moved by land, air, or sea to an area that has no utilities. The station is provided with solar panel arrays in communication with at least one electrical distribution and storage means. The derived electricity is used to power various systems including, albeit not limited to, a communications system, a water filtration system, a water distribution system to allow the public to draw potable water and provide basic hygiene. The electricity derived may also be used to run outside systems, such as schools, hospitals, or the like. The solar panel arrays are mounted on roller assemblies that can be easily slide between a stowed and deployed condition. The solar arrays include a plurality of solar panels that are supported by one or more hydraulic actuators to counter balance the weight of the solar panel whereby the solar panel can be easily positioned into the desired tilted orientation.

Abstract: Inventive concentrated solar power systems using solar receivers, and related devices and methods, are generally described.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus including a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system including a compression train with a compressor path, a storage volume configured to store compressed air, a compressed air path configured to provide passage of compressed air egressing from the compression train to the storage volume, and a heat recovery system coupled to at least one of the compressor path and the compressed air path and configured to draw heat from at least one of the compressor path and the compressed air path to a first liquid. The compression train is configured to provide passage of compressed air from a first compressor to a second compressor. The heat recovery system includes a first evaporator configured to evaporate the first liquid to a first gas and a first generator configured to produce electricity based on an expansion of the first gas.

Abstract: A startup system for a solar boiler includes a main fluid circuit having a plurality of solar boiler panels for generating power from solar energy. An auxiliary fluid circuit is selectively connected in fluid communication with the main fluid circuit by a plurality of valves. An auxiliary boiler is operatively connected to the auxiliary fluid circuit. The valves connecting the auxiliary fluid circuit to the main fluid circuit are configured to be opened and closed to selectively place the auxiliary boiler in fluid communication with portions of the main fluid circuit to supply heat to the portions of the main fluid circuit in preparation to produce power from solar energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solar reflector for concentrated solar power plants, comprising a substrate a) in composite material based on resin reinforced with cut fibres, said substrate having means b) for attachment without either perforation or gluing, and a metallic reflective coating layer c). The reflector of the invention is used in solar collectors and in solar plants operating on concentrated solar power, more particularly for producing electricity, steam and/or heat.

Abstract: A converter of kinetic energy from a jet formed by a heat transfer fluid and a gas at high temperature, includes: at least one injector of the jet from at least one source of heat transfer fluid and of high-temperature gas, an impulse wheel mounted rotating secured to a shaft extending along an axis substantially perpendicularly to the injector and including a plurality of asymmetric blades, a tank surrounding said impulse wheel and at least one deflector extending underneath the blades.

Abstract: We present an improved system for solar energy collection and electricity generation, comprising a solar collector apparatus, said apparatus comprising an array of square Fresnel lenses arranged in rows with modular energy absorption devices located below, wherein the array is mounted on arms at a low height above ground, the rows of said array are rotatable horizontally about their lengthwise axis, and the array is mounted on a rotatable base The system further comprises transportable insulated storage tanks containing a storage medium, Stirling engines and generators. The solar collection apparatus heats the storage medium, the storage medium supplies the Stirling engines with heat, and each engine is coupled to a generator. In a preferred embodiment, the system additionally comprises embedded controllers using real-time algorithms providing smart on-the-fly management of the system.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to a method of producing energy from concentrated solar flux. The method includes dropping granular solid particles through a solar flux receiver configured to transfer energy from concentrated solar flux incident on the solar flux receiver to the granular solid particles as heat. The method also includes fluidizing the granular solid particles from the solar flux receiver to produce a gas-solid fluid. The gas-solid fluid is passed through a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the solid particles in the gas-solid fluid to a working fluid. The granular solid particles are extracted from the gas-solid fluid such that the granular solid particles can be dropped through the solar flux receiver again.

Abstract: A solar thermal installation and method for operating a solar thermal installation includes a solar collector arrangement which defines a solar collector fluid passage so that a first heat quantity can be supplied to a fluid, and which has a first fluid infeed connection and a first fluid output connection. A heat exchanger fluid passage permits a second heat quantity to be supplied to a fluid. A heating fluid receiving device is fluidically connected with a first fluid output connection and fluidically connects a second fluid output connection to the first fluid output connection by bypassing the solar collector fluid passage. A consumer device is connected to the heating fluid receiving device. At least a portion of the first heat quantity and second heat quantity can be supplied to the consumer device. A control device controls an operation of the gas turbine depending on the first heat quantity.

Abstract: A ground high-temperature high-efficiency solar steam electricity-generating device includes a light convergence assembly (1), a heat exchanger assembly(3), a heat storage chamber assembly(5), a base assembly(2), an oil pump(15), a temperature-controlling valve(16), a steam turbine(13), temperature-controlling valve (16), a steam turbine (13), an electricity-generator (12), a system control circuit, a water pump (9) and a water tank assembly (10). The light convergence assembly (1) includes a glass plate (1-1), Fresnel lenses, a U-shaped groove (1-3), a thermal insulating material, a heat collecting pipe (1-5), high temperature heat conducting oil(6-6), a frame (1-7), a rib-plate and a spindle sleeve.

Abstract: A Steam power plant comprising a steam turbine (3) and a condenser (5), wherein the condenser (5) is disclosed, comprising a first heat sink being a ground heat exchanger (29) is connected to the condenser during times when ground temperature is lower than air temperature; and a second heat sink being an above-ground heat exchanger is connected to the condenser during times when ground temperature is not lower than air temperature.

Abstract: A thermal collector tube includes a main body portion that houses a heat medium, and a coating layer provided on an outside surface of the main body portion. The coating layer has a radiation rate of 0.70 to 0.98 at room temperature and at a wavelength of 1 ?m to 15 ?m. The thermal collector tube is used in concentrated solar power generation in which solar light is collected using reflecting mirrors, the collected solar light is converted into heat using a thermal collector having the thermal collector tube, and power is generated using the heat.

Abstract: There is disclosed a focussing system for concentrating radiation onto a target surface, comprising: a first reflective element forming part of the surface of a cone axially aligned along a first alignment axis, the first reflective element being positioned such that when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, the planar radiation is focussed towards a first focus lying along the first alignment axis, wherein said part of the surface of a cone is contained within a sector having an included angle of less than 180 degrees; and a second reflective element having a reflective surface that at all points is flat in a direction parallel to a single reference direction, the second reflective element being positioned between the first reflective element and the first focus such that, when planar radiation is incident on the first reflective element in a direction parallel to the first alignment axis, radiation reflected from the first reflecti

Abstract: A solar power plant in a new split configuration of a solar Brayton cycle or Brayton/Rankine combined cycle which comprises an array of heliostat mounted mirrors, a solar receiver and a high pressure section of a Brayton cycle power plant mounted near a top of a solar tower, a low pressure section of the Brayton Cycle power plant and the electric generator mounted near or at ground level.

Abstract: An economizer in a solar tower plant and operating method of said plant the purpose whereof is to make use of the heat from the heat losses generated around the solar tower receivers (3) to preheat the fluid with which the saturated steam or superheated steam solar receivers are fed. When the heat from the losses absorbed by the economizer (2) is not sufficient to achieve the necessary minimum temperature, a secondary economizer (4) is used which takes live steam (prior to it entering the turbine) and increases the temperature of the feed water of the receiver (3).

Abstract: A tubular heat-absorbing element partly enclosed in an insulating layer or jacket, has absorbing surface that is accessible to solar radiation. The thermal insulation is designed to provide entry to solar radiation by way of a cavity. The absorbing surface can be substantially planar.

Abstract: A solar energy system can be controlled during periods of reduced insolation. For example, one or more environmental condition sensors can detect environmental properties indicating current or expected insolation levels and can generate at least one signal indicating a current or impending transient reduced-insolation event. The at least one signal can be received (for example, by a controller) from the sensors that indicates changes in insolation. Responsively to the at least one signal, characteristics of a current reduced insolation event or of an impending transient reduced-insolation event can be calculated. In response to the calculated characteristics, a quantity of available insolation can be calculated. An attemperation flow rate in the solar steam system can be controlled responsively to the calculated quantity of available insolation such that the temperature of steam entering the steam turbines is maintained within a predefined range.

Abstract: A continuous flow steam generator including a vessel with a heat transfer medium inlet and a heat transfer medium outlet is provided. A heat transfer medium channel is formed between the heat transfer medium inlet and the heat transfer medium outlet, and a heat transfer medium flows in the channel, having steam generator tubes disposed in the heat transfer medium channel, wherein a first portion of the steam generator tubes, and a second portion of the steam generator tubes is designed as a system of preheating and boiler tubes, and the first portion is disposed upstream of the second portion in the flow direction of the heat transfer medium. A steam generator device having a continuous flow steam generator and a water separation system is also provided along with a solar thermal power plant.

Abstract: A system and method of collecting solar energy from sunlight, employing a thermal generation apparatus having a solar collector module including a receiver in optical communication with an array of mirrors. The method comprises reflecting energy impinging upon the reflector assembly with a plurality of reflective elements. The plurality of reflective elements is configured to direct energy reflected therefrom onto the receiver. The solar collector module is configured to rotate about an axis; and an angular position of the plurality of reflective elements is changed in relation to relative movement of the sun with respect to earth.

Abstract: A tri-energy power generating device uses the light energy, the thermal energy and wind energy from the nature and transfers these energies into electric power so as to obtain environmentally friendly power. The tri-energy power generating device includes a thermal energy transfer unit, a light-thermo energy collecting unit disposed above the thermal energy transfer unit and a wind turbine unit. When the wind is sufficient, the cold air enters the thermal energy transfer unit from a lower end thereof to drive the wind turbine unit. When there is sufficient sunshine, the light-thermo energy collecting unit transfers the light into electric power to initiate the wind turbine unit and transfer the light into the thermal energy. The thermal energy is conducted to the thermal energy transfer unit and the air is heated to drive the wind turbine unit to generate electric power.

Abstract: A solar reflective assembly includes a plurality of reflective segments radially configured to collectively at least partially define a dish-shaped reflector having a center axis, each reflective segment having a generally conical shape and being discontinuous relative to the conical shape of an adjacent reflective segment, and an elongated receiver having a length generally extending in a direction of the center axis. Each reflective segment reflects and focuses sunlight on the receiver along the length of the receiver.

Abstract: Solar energy is converted into electricity by use of a solar concentrator system, a steam production system, a turbine and an alternator. A boiler is heated by a concentrator dish aimed at the sun. The dish may also be fitted with a polar mount, an actuator and a devise for sensing the relative position of the sun. There is a mast on the dish upon which a boiler is mounted which is heated by the sun's concentrated rays. The boiler will preferably be arranged to heat and vaporize water to create continuous steam that is delivered to turn the turbine which is operatively connected to the alternator and from which electricity is generated.

Abstract: A heating medium supply system is provided which is capable of sufficiently suppressing a temperature fluctuation of a heating medium, by the time when a heat exchanging device recovers heat of the heating medium, by leveling the temperature fluctuation fluctuating inevitably with time. The heating medium supply system includes: a heat collecting unit configured to heat a liquid heating medium by sunlight; a heat exchanging device configured to heat water supplied thereto by means of the heating medium supplied thereto from the heat collecting unit; heating medium supply piping for supplying the heating medium from the heat collecting unit to the heat exchanging device; and a heating medium heater for heating the heating medium and a temperature measuring device configured to measure a temperature of the heating medium, which are provided on the heating medium supply piping.

Abstract: An electrical power generation system comprises a vertical axis solar powered generator having a bottom side grounded and a top side connected to a vertical rotor shaft, a central rotating hub having a center connected to the vertical rotor shaft, a solar energy collecting and converting unit enclosed in a transparent dome mounted on a top side of the central rotating hub, and a plurality of rotating arms having a proximal end secured to the central rotating hub and a distal end connected to a dual-V roller bearing. The system further comprises an electric motor with a propeller mounted proximate to the distal end of rotating arms, a shroud attached to ground, and a pair of hollow tubes attached to the shroud. Solar energy collecting and converting unit provides electric energy to electric motor which turns the propeller and rotates the rotating arms thereby causing electric energy generation by generator.

Abstract: A solar power plant includes a first solar reflective system configured to heat a first heat transfer fluid to a temperature within a first temperature range and at least a second solar reflective system coupled to the first solar reflective system, the second solar reflective system having a second heat transfer fluid configured to be heated to a temperature within the first temperature range by the first heat transfer fluid, the second solar reflective system configured to heat the second heat transfer fluid to a temperature within a second temperature range. The solar power plant may also include a power generation system coupled to the first solar reflective system and the second solar reflective system and configured to generate electricity by receiving heat from the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for solar steam generation are described. The systems and methods include disposing a plug in a closed top outer shell of a solar steam generator, which may define a small annular space between the plug and an interior of a transparent housing disposed atop the outer shell. Raw water is transferred into the outer shell of the solar steam generator, up into the small annular space between the plug and the interior of the transparent housing. Concentrated solar energy is directed at the transparent housing to boil raw water in the small annular space. Stray concentrated solar energy may be focused at the transparent housing to aid in boiling raw water in the small annular space. Steam rising from the small annular space is directed through a cavity extending from a top of the plug, downward through a steam outlet pipe, out of the solar steam generator.

Abstract: A solar thermal system for the partial desalination of sea water and for generating electricity includes a mass of black top material such as asphalt or the like used in paving roadways, parking lots and the like. The system also includes a network of interconnected conductive conduits such as a serpentine array of copper tubing and a pump for pumping seawater through the copper tubing that is in contact with or surrounded by the black top or asphalt portion of a roadway. The asphalt layer acts as a black body for absorbing heat from the sun and converts solar energy to thermal energy.

Abstract: A solar power system includes a steam turbine with a plurality of pressure stages, a first solar field for heating water or water steam, and a first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is operated with molten salt liquids. Further, with a method of operating such a solar power system, water steam from the first solar field is transferred to the first heat exchanger, where the water steam is heated by the first heat exchanger and routed to a high pressure stage of the steam turbine.

Abstract: A hybrid solar/non-solar thermal generation system includes a solar concentrator and collector, and fiber optic cables that transfer collected solar radiation to a solar to thermal converter. The solar to thermal converter converts the solar radiation to heat that is used to augment the heating of a working fluid in a boiler. The system has particular application for use in Rankine cycle power generation plants that employ non-solar sources to heat the working fluid.

Abstract: An eco-friendly linear solar heat generating system may employ a linear engine with a simple structure using solar heat is employed in place of a conventional Stirling engine with a complicated structure. Magnets and a coil are arranged in a piston and a cylinder, respectively, to thereby generate power in a highly efficient matter, improve installation stability, and enable easy maintenance and repair.

Abstract: An economical, highly efficient, and complete system for harnessing the sun's energy, storing, and/or converting this energy into a usable energy product on a sustainable cycle. The system includes an enclosed volume chamber having a mirrored inner surface and an opening for receiving a condensed high-temperature solar energy beam and trapping thermal energy. A fluid source is injected into the chamber for converting this energy into a high pressure source which can be fed to an energy converting device. The enclosed volume chamber can include a thermal absorbing member to store thermal energy for use during sunless hours. A sustainable system including a plurality of interconnected chambers can be provided to form an additive system of thermal energy for use during the day and during sunless hours. The thermal energy can be converted to provide a clean energy source at zero carbon emission for use in numerous and diverse applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus for collecting solar energy for electrical energy generation through one or more thermodynamic closed-cycle heat engines or the like. The present invention includes new designs for solar collectors that concentrate solar energy, and mechanisms for transporting and transferring the concentrated solar energy directly into the working fluid (e.g., a liquid, a gas, or a phase change substance) of the closed cycle thermodynamic engines without heating the outside surface of the engines. In an exemplary embodiment, the present utilizes an inflatable design for a dual-surface reflector which provides low cost and weight, protection from external elements, and the ability to inflate/deflate as required.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solar energy system including a tower having a solar radiation receiver, the solar radiation receiver including a plurality of tubes carrying a heat-transfer medium and a drum, the drum in thermal communication with the tubes, and one or more mirrors configured to reflect solar radiation onto the receiver, wherein the receiver receives the reflected solar radiation from the mirrors, thereby heating the heat transfer medium and vaporizing the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A solar tower system including an array of individually controlled carousel-type heliostats, where each heliostat includes a rotatable D-shaped carousel, a mirror array including horizontal, elongated flat mirrors supported in a tiltable (e.g., louvered) arrangement on the carousel, and a mirror positioning system that is disposed next to the carousel and controls the tilt position of each mirror and a rotational position of the carousel to reflect light onto a solar receiver. The heliostats are arranged in a closely-spaced (e.g., square or hexagonal) pattern that both maximizes the effective ground coverage ratio of solar power harvesting system and facilitates the formation of service pathways that allow access to any of the heliostats in the array (e.g., by aligning the straight peripheral wall portions of adjacent carousels in parallel with each other).

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a solar energy collection system utilizes high efficiency multi junction photovoltaic (PV) solar cells to augment extracted energy obtained from a photovoltaic (PV) solar cell coolant fluid Carnot cycle process. The combined Carnot and photovoltaic (PV) energy extraction process significantly enhances the efficiency of solar energy-to-electric power conversion. The solar energy collection system employs a suspension system that further reduces costs of producing electricity.

Abstract: A solar power plant part of a solar thermal power plant including a first solar collector surface which is arranged in one section of a heat transfer medium circuit is provided. A second solar collector surface is arranged in the solar power plant part as a super heater for a working medium which may be released for technical work in a turbine. A solar thermal power plant which includes a solar power plant part is also provided. The solar thermal plant includes a working medium circuit and a steam turbine. A method for operating a solar thermal power plant is also provided.

Abstract: An energy converter, includes a base, a first and a second converging lenses, an electric coil and a movable module. The base includes a substrate, a transparent chamber and two supporters formed on the substrate. The transparent chamber includes a first and a second vents formed therein. The first and second converging lenses are supported by the respective supporters. The electric coil is fixed on the substrate, and the electric coil defines a receiving space therein. The movable module includes a piston, a connector connected to the piston, a magnet connected to the connector, and a shading plate disposed on the connector and having an opening defined therein. The piston is moved in the transparent chamber due to thermal expansion of air in the transparent chamber, thereby moving the magnet in or out of the receiving space of the electric coil, and thus the electric power is generated.