Abstract: Apparatus for producing power using geothermal liquid includes a geothermal power plant for producing power using heat contained in geothermal liquid supplied thereto; and heating means apparatus for heating a solution and producing a heated solution for use in a hydrogen producing unit with heat from heat depleted geothermal liquid exiting a vaporizer of the geothermal power plant, wherein the hydrogen producing unit produces hydrogen for use in producing power.

Abstract: In a system where the thermal energy of a geothermal fluid is applied to an ORC system, the energy is enhanced by the use of solar energy to thereby increase the temperature of the fluid being applied by the ORC system. A single heat exchanger version provides for direct heat exchange relationship with the geothermal and solar fluids, whereas a two heat exchanger version provides for each of the geothermal and solar fluids to be in heat exchange relationship with the working medium of the ORC system. Control features are provided to selectively balance the various fluid flows in the system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a system for geo-thermal and solar energy conservation utilizing expandable fluids and methods thereof. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to system for increasing energy efficiency in residential or commercial structures through the use of carbon dioxide in a geo-thermal environment. In one embodiment of the present invention, an energy conservation system comprises a storage container for storing a low specific heat capacity and expandable fluid; a geo-thermal piping system, extending a predetermined distance beneath a ground surface; an energy exchanger; and a structural interface positioned between the energy exchanger and an energy-consuming physical structure.

Abstract: Methods and systems for extracting geothermal energy from an underground hot dry rock reservoir using supercritical carbon dioxide are disclosed. In a first step, the methods and systems utilize a heat exchanger in a binary system to heat a secondary fluid that is used to perform work. In a second step, the supercritical carbon dioxide is transferred to a pseudo turbine (e.g., a free-piston linear engine) to perform additional work through expansion.

Abstract: A geothermal system in deep, hot, dry rock has closed loop circulation, in which the water and steam circulating in the system are protected from any direct contact with the base rock. The system has a single L-shaped bore with a casing that lines the wellbore and has a sealed bottom end. A tubing within the casing has an open bottom end. Water or other liquid or gas is injected under pressure into the casing in the space between the casing and the tubing and is heated by the deep hot rock strata, creating heated liquid or gas which flows into the tubing through its open bottom end and is returned to the surface for use for heating, or in a power plant, or other applications. In a reverse configuration, the working fluid is injected into the tubing and is returned via the space between the casing and the tubing.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a system and method of sustainable economic development, such as development through an integrated production of renewable energy, material resources, and nutrient regimes. In some embodiments, the system utilizes resources extracted from renewable energy sources to assist in the capture of energy from other renewable energy sources. In some embodiments, the system utilizes energy from renewable energy sources to extract resources from other renewable energy sources.

Abstract: A closed loop system and method for extracting geothermal are disclosed. They do not fracture subterranean rock structures or let fluid into the structures or extract fluid from them, thereby lessening the risk of causing seismic disturbances and pollution of groundwater.

Abstract: A high efficiency thermodynamic power conversion cycle is disclosed using thermal storage, atmospheric heat exchangers, and wind channeling in a synergistic method. Using the preferred configuration with ground source water, solar collectors, and heat pump including the further preferred utilization of ionic liquids or electride solutions as the working fluid in the system, achieves optimal total energy efficiency and enables otherwise insufficient thermal differentials to effectively generate power.

Abstract: A multi-chamber heat accumulator for storing heat energy as well as for generating electrical energy comprises a pit structure having a bottom, a sidewall, and a cover. The pit structure comprises at least one inner zone with a first solid matter pit filling and at least one outer zone with a second solid matter pit filling. The outer zone at least partially surrounds the inner zone, the pit filling of the inner zone being separated at least in parts from the pit filling of the outer zone by at least one partition wall. The inner zone comprises at least one first pipeline system with at least one inlet to the inner zone and at least one outlet from the inner zone for passing fluids through, which is present at least in parts in the first pit filling material of the inner zone. A method for generating electrical energy is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present inventive subject matter is drawn to an apparatus for producing power using geothermal liquid comprising: a geothermal power plant for producing power using heat contained in geothermal liquid supplied thereto; and heating means apparatus for heating a solution and producing a heated solution for use in an electrolysis unit with heat from heat depleted geothermal liquid exiting a vaporizer of the geothermal power plant, wherein the electrolysis unit produces hydrogen for use in producing power.

Abstract: A power generation system that includes a heat source loop, a heat engine loop, and a heat reclaiming loop. The heat can be waste heat from a steam turbine, industrial process or refrigeration or air-conditioning system, solar heat collectors or geothermal sources. The heat source loop may also include a heat storage medium to allow continuous operation even when the source of heat is intermittent. Heat from the heat source loop is introduced into the heat reclaiming loop or turbine loop. In the turbine loop a working fluid is boiled, injected into the turbine, recovered condensed and recycled. The power generation system further includes a heat reclaiming loop having a fluid that extracts heat from the turbine loop. The fluid of the heat reclaiming loop is then raised to a higher temperature and then placed in heat exchange relationship with the working fluid of the turbine loop. The power generating system is capable of using low temperature waste heat is approximately of 150 degrees F. or less.

Abstract: A thermodynamic engine is configured to convert heat provided in the form of a temperature difference to a nonheat form of energy. Heat is directed through a heating loop in thermal contact with a first side of the thermodynamic engine. A second side of the thermodynamic engine is coupled to an environmental cooling loop in thermal contact with an environmental cooling device. The thermodynamic engine is operated to dispense heat from the second side of the thermodynamic engine through the environmental cooling loop into the environmental cooling device. Operation of the thermodynamic engine thereby generates the nonheat form of energy from the temperature difference established between the first side and the second side of the thermodynamic engine.

Abstract: A power system based on a binary power cycle and utilizing a multi-component working fluid is disclosed. The working fluid is partially vaporized and a split recirculation approach is used to control the enthalpy-temperature profiles to match the heat source. A portion of the unvaporized working fluid is sprayed into the condenser.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for using heat to perform work, comprising: operating a first thermodynamic cycle wherein heat for a first working fluid is provided by combustion of a fuel-based (FB) energy source; operating a second thermodynamic cycle wherein heat for a second working fluid is from a combination of a non-fuel-based (NFB) energy source and waste heat from the first thermodynamic cycle.

Abstract: A pressure grid system and method suitable for obtaining and/or generating, storing, distributing and using a pressurized gas. The pressure grid system obtains and/or generates pressurized gas by using the energy from various sources, preferably natural resources such as wind power, hydro power, etc. At least a portion of the pressurized gas is stored in one or more subterranean locations, from which the pressurized gas can be transported to end users for their use, for example, by converting the energy of the pressurized gas to another form of energy, such as electrical, mechanical, and/or thermal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the exploitation of geothermal heat and for conveying and decontaminating ground water. Said system comprises a main pipe (20), arranged in a pit (10) of well and being subdivided into an upper and a lower part by a transverse seal (21), said transverse seal having an opening in which a pump (22) is arranged which delivers water from the lower part of the main pipe. The pump is connected to a delivery pipe (30) which is connected to an overground closed circuit, said closed circuit at its other end leading to the upper part of the main pipe and the main pipe having through openings (23) towards the surroundings upstream and downstream of the transverse seal. The main pipe is surrounded by a porous bed which surrounds the hollow space of the pit around the main pipe. The porous bed is interrupted by a sealing material (12) at the level of the transverse seal so that the porous bed is hydraulically interrupted. The invention also relates to the use of said system.

Abstract: A method of using geothermal energy to produce electricity by lowering a geothermal generator deep into pre-drilled holes below the Earth's surface. A geothermal generator includes a boiler, a turbine compartment, an electric generator, a condenser and an electric cable. The geothermal generator also includes an internal cylinder, an external cylinder and a plurality of tubes disposed between the internal cylinder and the external cylinder. The plurality of tubes is part of the condenser. In a method of using the geothermal generator, water contained within the boiler is converted to high-pressure, super heated steam due to heat contained within a pre-drilled well below the earth's surface. The steam is used to produce electric energy, which is transported to the ground surface by the electric cable.

Abstract: A system and series of methods, which utilize Geopressured-Geothermal (GPGT) energy for the enhanced recovery of formation crude oil. The system is designed to interface with a conversion system which concentrates the GPGT brine while recovering H2O distillate and gas, e.g., as taught by Nitschke in U.S. Pat. Re. 36,282. The system promotes enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from an oil formation via steamflood and optional gas injection, powered by the GPGT gas and using the recovered H2O distillate for source water. The system optionally reuses the bulk of the injected EOR fluids via thermal regeneration and volume replenishing, alleviating disposal costs and environmental stresses. The system manages the concentrated GPGT brine byproduct by optionally producing solid salt for sale, flowing to an appropriate end-user, or disposing in a suitable subterranean formation.

Abstract: In a dual-source organic Rankine cycle (DORC), the condensed and slightly sub-cooled working fluid at near ambient temperature (˜300 K) and at low-side pressure (0.1 to 0.7 MPa) is (1) pumped to high-side pressure (0.5-5 MPa), (2) pre-heated in a low-temperature (LT) recuperator, (3) boiled using a low-grade heat source, (4) super-heated in a high-temperature (HT) recuperator to a temperature close to the expander turbine exhaust temperature using this exhaust vapor enthalpy, (5) further super-heated to the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) using a mid-grade heat source, (6) expanded through a turbine expander to the low-side pressure, (7) cooled through the HT recuperator, (8) cooled through the LT recuperator, (9) mostly liquefied and slightly subcooled in a condenser, and (10) the condensed portion is returned to the pump to repeat this cycle.

Abstract: Two Geothermal energy harnessing devices, steam producing System, electricity production Method and heat energy Method are invented for mining renewable geothermal heat energy within a non-polluting, re-circulating, closed cycle intended for electricity generating applications or for other direct or indirect heat uses. The devices, the “Geothermal Energy Collector” and the “Geothermal Energy Exchanger” can work with a Depressurized Mixing Container and a Pressurized Storage Container the entirety of which comprises “THE GEOTHERMAL FLUID HEATING OR STEAM PRODUCTION SYSTEM. The system serves other equipment, such as a phase separator, steam turbine, generator and condenser, which working together with the system comprises either “THE GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION METHOD” or “THE GEOTHERMAL HEAT ENERGY METHOD”.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to geothermal power generation systems. The systems can comprise a first separator is in fluid communication with the geothermal fluid source, the first separator having a high pressure steam outlet and a liquid fraction outlet. A high pressure turbine is in fluid communication with the high pressure steam outlet and is coupled to a first power generator. A high pressure condenser is in fluid communication with the high pressure turbine. A low pressure separator is in fluid communication with the liquid fraction outlet of the first separator, the low pressure separator being capable of separating steam from the liquid fraction outflow and providing low pressure steam through a low pressure steam conduit. A low pressure turbine is in fluid communication with the low pressure steam conduit, the low pressure turbine being coupled to a second power generator. A main condenser is in fluid communication with the low pressure turbine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for power generation by means of a steam power unit, having a geothermal system part for utilizing geothermal energy, characterized in that a drying unit for material comprising agents that can evaporate is operationally coupled downstream of the steam power unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for exploiting the thermal energy at the bottom of the ocean. The apparatus comprises a thermal energy harnessing assembly and a drilling assembly mounted thereto. The thermal energy harnessing assembly includes in-feed tube and out-feed tubes. The drilling assembly has openings in fluid communication with the in-feed tube and a thermal energy capturing conduit in fluid communication with the out-feed tube. When the drilling assembly engages a bottom surface of the ocean and fluid is introduced into the in-feed tube, fluid flows towards the drilling assembly and out of the openings at such a pressure as to drill into the bottom surface of the ocean allowing thermal energy to escape therefrom and to flow into the out-feed tube via the thermal energy capturing conduit.

Abstract: A control system manages and optimizes a geothermal electric generation system from one or more wells that individually produce heat. The control system includes heat sensors that measure temperature and fluid flow and are placed at critical points in the wells, in piping, in a hot fluid reservoir, in a cold fluid reservoir and in a cooling system. The control system also includes pump and valve controls, generator controls, a network for gathering information and delivering instructions, and a processing module that collects information and communicates control information to each component.

Abstract: A systems design is disclosed which converts Geopressured-Geothermal (GPGT) brine into saturated brine in concert with the production of electricity from GPGT brine energy. The design integrates a GPGT conversion system which super-concentrates a portion of the GPGT brine, utilizing that portion's thermal energy, with a system designed to produce electricity from the remainder of GPGT brine energy. The end-brine from the electricity producing system is concentrated (sub-saturated) in a spray evaporation pond, which serves as a heat sink for both systems, and is combined with the super-saturated product brine from the GPGT conversion system, resulting in a saturated brine end-product. The saturated brine can be used for beneficial purposes, including for use as bulk material in the construction of salinity gradient solar ponds (SGSP), which collect, store, and deliver solar thermal baseload power (e.g., for electricity generation).

Abstract: A method for capturing energy from mechanical actions associated with recovery of underground fluids, and for improving the economic feasibility of low producing, but viable, oil wells. The present method captures energy associated with an oil well pump device and waste water as each fall under the influence of gravity. This energy is converted into a premium form, stored in an easily verified and metered form, and sold on a market, in accordance with a legislative scheme.

Abstract: Power is generated from an ambient environment through the use of thermodynamic engines. A thermodynamic engine is disposed in the ambient environment and converts heat provided in the form of a temperature differential to a nonheat form of energy. Conditions in the ambient environment induce a phase transition in a heat-transport medium that causes the temperature differential. The heat-transport medium is renewed by allowing inducing a reverse phase transition in the heat-transport medium, permitting the heat-transport medium to repeatedly or continuously undergo the phase transition that causes the temperature differential.

Abstract: In the system there is a geothermal facility (1) including an outer circuit of heat-carrying water or fluid which exchanges heat energy with a terrain (3) to be applied in at least one dwelling unit (2) by means of its connection to a heat pump (5) which in turn connects to an inner distribution equipment or circuit (6). The referred outer circuit is placed buried in a renewable geothermal zone (4) of the terrain (3) and is made up of a closed/semiclosed circuit which connects to the heat pump (5) via a pulse pipe (7) and a return pipe (11); being arranged in that outer circuit a special channel (8) wherein the energy exchange is performed, so that the heat-carrying water or fluid is thermally regenerated as it passes through this channel (8) to be used again in the system.

Abstract: According to present invention, a method is provided for operating a multi-heat source power plant using a low-medium temperature heat source fluid, wherein the multi-heat source power plant includes a turbine or expander run by an organic motive fluid, comprising preheating the organic motive fluid using the low-medium temperature heat source fluid and thereafter providing further heat from an additional heat source to vaporize the motive fluid which is supplied to the turbine or expander. Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a heat exchanger suitable to pre-heat an organic motive fluid with a low-medium temperature geothermal fluid, and solar energy collecting means suitable to directly or indirectly provide heat to the pre-heated organic motive fluid for heating and vaporizing the motive fluid.

Abstract: Method for using renewable energy sources comprising at least one remote energy generation plant which may be operated by a renewable energy source, a production measurement unit at the location of the at least one remote energy generation plant which measures the production of the at least one remote energy generation plant, a central control unit, the method comprising the following steps: a) producing a production forecast for the production of the at least one remote energy generation plant in a future time period, b) transmitting the production forecast to the central control unit via a computer network, c) operating the remote energy generation plant and measuring the production using the production measurement unit, d) comparing the measured production with the production forecast, e) notifying an operator of the at least one energy generation plant, if the measured production deviates from the production forecast beyond a predetermined level.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power plant system for producing power using a source of steam, comprising: a vaporizer into which steam from a source of steam is supplied, for vaporizing organic working fluid flowing through the vaporizer; at least one turbine wherein one of the turbines is an organic vapor turbine to which the vaporized working fluid is supplied and which is suitable for generating electricity and producing expanded organic vapor; a recuperator for heating organic vapor condensate flowing towards the vaporizer the expanded organic vapor exhausted from the organic vapor turbine; and two or more stages of preheating means for additionally heating organic working fluid exiting the recuperator and flowing towards the vaporizer, wherein fluid extracted from one of the turbines is delivered to one of the stages of preheating means.

Abstract: A heat engine apparatus for use in association with a borehole and a method of operating a heat engine in association with a borehole. The apparatus includes a first heat exchanger assembly in fluid communication with a proximal segment of the borehole, a second heat exchanger assembly in fluid communication with a distal segment of the borehole, a circulation barrier for providing a seal between the apparatus and the borehole in order to isolate the proximal segment of the borehole and the distal segment of the borehole from each other, and a heat engine associated with the first heat exchanger assembly and the second heat exchanger assembly, wherein the heat engine is a gas phase closed cycle thermodynamic heat engine. The first heat exchanger assembly, the second heat exchanger assembly, the circulation barrier and the heat engine are all adapted to be inserted in the borehole.

Abstract: A stack system and method for in-line geothermal and hydroelectric generation from recovered natural gas-fired water/steam process waste heat. The stack system and method is a new way of reusing natural gas fired water/steam process waste heat to make more electricity from the same Btu inputs. The stack system and method uses warm industrial demineralized water from various sources, a micro-managed combined stack flue system and specific terrain to ring out every bit of energy possible from traditional, heretofore, acceptable wastes. The stack uses two marginal waste heat sources to make one significant heat source for additional fossil fuel-free generation. This stack is unique in that it incorporates tandem, geothermal and hydroelectric generators. The stack can be applied to closed-loop (Power Stack) and open-loop (Desalination Stack) processes.

Abstract: A power generation system that includes a heat source loop that supplies heat to a turbine loop. The heat can be waste heat from a steam turbine, industrial process or refrigeration or air-conditioning system, solar heat collectors or geothermal sources. The heat source loop may also include a heat storage medium to allow continuous operation even when the source of heat is intermittent. In the turbine loop a working fluid is boiled, injected into the turbine, recovered condensed and recycled. The power generation system further includes a heat reclaiming loop having a fluid that extracts heat from the turbine loop. The fluid of the heat claiming loop is then raised to a higher temperature and then placed in heat exchange relationship with the working fluid of the turbine loop. The turbine includes one or more blades mounted on a rotating member.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods including an energy conversion system for storage and recovery of energy using compressed gas, a source of recovered thermal energy, and a heat-exchange subsystem in fluid communication with the energy conversion system and the source of recovered thermal energy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power plant system for producing power using a source of steam, comprising a vaporizer into which steam from a source of steam is supplied, for vaporizing organic working fluid flowing through the vaporizer; at least one turbine wherein one of the turbines is an organic vapor turbine to which the vaporized working fluid is supplied and which is suitable for generating electricity and producing; expanded organic vapor; a recuperator for heating organic vapor condensate flowing towards the vaporizer the expanded organic vapor exhausted from the organic vapor turbine and two or more stages of preheating means for additionally heating organic working fluid exiting the recuperator and flowing towards the vaporizer, wherein fluid extracted from one of the turbine is delivered to one of the stages of preheating means.

Abstract: A power generation system includes a mixing unit for receiving and combining heated fluid from a heated fluid source and working fluid to form a vapor. The system also includes a condensation unit positioned at a location having a higher elevation than the heated fluid source. The condensation unit receives the vapor from the mixing unit through a first conduit and condenses the vapor into a liquid. The system further includes a turbine positioned at a location having a lower elevation than the condensation unit. The turbine receives the liquid condensed in the condensation unit through a second conduit. The turbine is driven by the liquid to generate electric power. The system also includes a heat exchanger for transferring heat from the liquid driving the turbine to the working fluid provided to the mixing unit.

Abstract: This invention applies technologies and processes to effectively harvest geothermal energy on a large scale defined as electrical power production 100 kilowatts and above. This invention uses Seebeck materials hosted in an infrastructure of electrically inert and near thermally and chemically inert polymers and resins to survive in the very hot and chemically active deep well environments while producing large amounts of electrical power. The Seebeck materials are subjected to geothermal heat energy in the range of 0 to 500 degrees Celsius in the deep well which can be a pre-existing man-made or naturally existing hole or one drilled specifically for this purpose. The Seebeck materials convert the geothermal energy directly to electrical power which is transmitted to the surface through a wire array imbedded in our invention. This invention is closed loop below the surface and only interacts with the radiated subterranean geothermal energy (i.e.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for extracting and/or utilizing thermal energy from rock formations. This Abstract is provided to comply with rules requiring an Abstract that allows a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain subject matter of the technical disclosure. This Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed to convert low temperature thermal energy to electricity. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes an electrical generating unit to receive heat energy to produce electricity, a concentrator including a heat engine, a liquid piston operatively coupled to the heat engine, and a heat pump operatively coupled to the liquid piston, the heat engine adapted to collect thermal energy, and the heat pump operatively coupled to the electrical generating unit to provide heat to the electrical generating unit. The example apparatus disclosed herein also includes a heat engine floating piston disposed in the heat engine, a heat pump floating piston disposed in the heat pump, and wherein the heat engine floating piston and the heat pump floating piston oscillate.

Abstract: A hybrid power plant is disclosed wherein a first power plant produces secondary steam of a first, relatively low temperature using a renewable source of energy such as geothermal or solar. The steam from the renewable source plant is passed through a solar power plant that has an operating temperature higher than that of the first temperature which results in superheating the first temperature steam to the higher temperature in the higher temperature solar power plant. Higher efficiencies are obtained.

Abstract: A hybrid power plant is disclosed wherein a first power plant produces secondary steam of a first, relatively low temperature using a renewable source of energy such as geothermal or solar. The steam from the renewable source plant is passed through a fossil fuel power plant that has an operating temperature higher than that of the first temperature which results in superheating the first temperature steam to the higher temperature in the fossil fuel power plant. Higher efficiencies and reductions in emissions are obtained.

Abstract: A system includes a collection of water at a first elevation, an aquifer at a second elevation lower than the first elevation and one or more fluid communication channels that facilitate fluid communication between the collection of water and the aquifer. A turbine-generator is in one of the fluid communication channels to convert kinetic energy of fluid that has flown out of the collection of water into electrical energy. A fluid collection area is downstream of the turbine-generator that at least temporarily collects fluid that has passed through the turbine-generator. An injection pump is provided to pump fluid that has accumulated in the collection area into the aquifer.

Abstract: This invention consists of a process for utilizing the atmospheric temperature variation with height to produce useful energy. It is accomplished by the use of a lighter than air condensable fluid or mixture of fluids circulating between heat exchangers at different altitudes, with a two phase flow return.

Abstract: Adapting alternative energies in different and possibly new ways to reduce our dependence on natural fuels such as oil, gas, and coal; thereby possibly and probably reducing our carbon footprint, terrorism, long and expensive supply lines of oil tankers, pipelines, and updated electric lines; and all the while, still supplying and even adding more power to our nation's energy system.

Abstract: Methods for increasing the enthalpy of a geothermal brine, methods for recovering heat enthalpy stored in a geothermal brine, and methods for the production of a heated brine from a natural geothermal reservoir are provided. The methods may be incorporated into a geosolar electric power generation project to provide a steady and flexible source of renewable energy from a geothermal heat source in combination with solar insolation.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for generating electricity from renewable geothermal, wind, and solar energy sources includes a heat balancer for supplementing and regulating the heat energy fed to a turbine generator; a hydrogen-fired boiler for supplying supplementary heat; and an injection manifold for metering controlled amounts of superheated combustible gas into the working fluids to optimize efficiency. Wind or solar power may be converted to hydrogen in an electrolysis unit to produce hydrogen. A phase separator unit that operates by cavitation of the geothermal fluids removes gases from the source fluid. A pollution prevention trap may be used to remove solids and other unneeded constituents of the geothermal fluids to be stored or processed in a solution mining unit for reuse or sale. Spent geothermal and working fluids may be processed and injected into the geothermal strata to aid in maintaining its temperature or in solution mining of elements in the lithosphere.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for generating electricity from renewable geothermal, wind, and solar energy sources includes a heat balancer for supplementing and regulating the heat energy fed to a turbine generator; a hydrogen-fired boiler for supplying supplementary heat; and an injection manifold for metering controlled amounts of superheated combustible gas into the working fluids to optimize efficiency. Wind or solar power may be converted to hydrogen in an electrolysis unit to produce hydrogen. A phase separator unit that operates by cavitation of the geothermal fluids removes gases from the source fluid. A pollution prevention trap may be used to remove solids and other unneeded constituents of the geothermal fluids to be stored or processed in a solution mining unit for reuse or sale. Spent geothermal and working fluids may be processed and injected into the geothermal strata to aid in maintaining its temperature or in solution mining of elements in the lithosphere.

Abstract: A geothermal energy system utilizes geothermal heat under the floor of a body of water. The system includes at least one well having a top and a bottom. At least one well is drilled to a sufficient depth to access geothermal heat from one or more areas under the floor. The system further includes at least one energy converter operatively coupled to the well. The at least one energy converter is configured to convert the geothermal heat to another form of energy.

Abstract: The present invention features geothermal systems that use of a well field open loop scheme by interconnecting the well field through a system of mains and controlled branches, the latter composed of multiple (2-5) wells. The proposed design lends itself to the use of modular well field kits that minimize installation cost, insures equal return water distribution to the active wells, creates standardization and insures best practices. The benefits of individual branch control include the ability to serve the building load in staged delivery, thereby minimizing well field parasitic load, and maximizing the time available for well field thermal relaxation and availability.