Abstract: In a cryogenic combined cycle power plant electric power drives a cryogenic refrigerator to store energy by cooling air to a liquid state for storage within tanks, followed by subsequent release of the stored energy by first pressurizing the liquid air, then regasifying the liquid air and raising the temperature of the regasified air at least in part with heat exhausted from a combustion turbine, and then expanding the heated regasified air through a hot gas expander to generate power. The expanded regasified air exhausted from the expander may be used to cool and make denser the inlet air to the combustion turbine. The combustion turbine exhaust gases may be used to drive an organic Rankine bottoming cycle. An alternative source of heat such as thermal storage, for example, may be used in place of or in addition to the combustion turbine.

Abstract: In a cryogenic combined cycle power plant electric power drives a cryogenic refrigerator to store energy by cooling air to a liquid state for storage within tanks, followed by subsequent release of the stored energy by first pressurizing the liquid air, then regasifying the liquid air and raising the temperature of the regasified air at least in part with heat exhausted from a combustion turbine, and then expanding the heated regasified air through a hot gas expander to generate power. The expanded regasified air exhausted from the expander may be used to cool and make denser the inlet air to the combustion turbine. The combustion turbine exhaust gases may be used to drive an organic Rankine bottoming cycle. An alternative source of heat such as thermal storage, for example, may be used in place of or in addition to the combustion turbine.

Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second tanks each configured to receive and store a refrigerant under pressure. The apparatus also includes at least one generator configured to generate electrical power based on a flow of the refrigerant between the tanks. The apparatus further includes a collector configured to transfer solar thermal energy to one of the tanks to heat the refrigerant in that tank and/or radiate thermal energy from one of the tanks into an ambient environment to cool the refrigerant in that tank. In addition, the apparatus could include first and second insulated water jackets each configured to receive and retain water, where the first tank is located within the first insulated water jacket and the second tank is located within the second insulated water jacket.

Abstract: An energy conversion device comprising at least one thermal energy input, a plurality of energy outputs, a first modular part and a second modular part, wherein: the first modular part comprises at least a core Brayton generator; the second modular part comprises at least a heat pump module comprising at least one heat exchanger; and wherein the heat pump is integrated with the first modular part in order to share at least one heat exchanger between the first and the second modular parts, as well as set of valves and variable speed mechanical coupling and gear box. The core Brayton generator comprises an expander module and a compressor module configured to be positive displacement machines of the screw type with the expander module supplying motive power to the second modular part.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for generating electricity via a pumped thermal energy storage (“PTES”) system. A system may include a pump configured to circulate a working fluid within a fluid circuit, wherein the working fluid enters the pump at a first pressure and exits at a second pressure; a first heat exchanger; a second heat exchanger; a turbine positioned between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, configured to expand a first portion of the working fluid to the first pressure; a heat rejection heat exchanger configured to remove thermal energy from a second portion of the working fluid; a high temperature reservoir connected to the first heat exchanger; and a low temperature reservoir connected to the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A power generation system and method including a first heat exchanger, a first thermal engine, and a first power generator on a first working medium line L1 that circulates a first working medium W1, a second heat exchanger, a third working medium supply device that supplies a third working medium W3, and a mixing device for mixing a second working medium W2 and the third working medium. A second thermal engine, and a second power generator are included on a second working medium line L2 that circulates the second working medium. On both of a downstream side of the first thermal engine on the first working medium line and a downstream side of the second thermal engine on the second working medium line, a third heat exchanger is included. Also included is a third working medium discharge device for discharging the third working medium to the third heat exchanger.

Abstract: A thermodynamic cycle apparatus is provided. The thermodynamic cycle apparatus includes: (i) a first reservoir containing a first storage medium; (ii) a second reservoir containing a second storage medium; (iii) a heat pump having a cold side thermally coupled to the first reservoir for cooling the first storage medium and a hot side thermally coupled to the second reservoir for heating the second storage medium; (iv) a first thermodynamic circuit of a first working fluid; (v) a second thermodynamic circuit of a second working fluid; (vi) an auxiliary heat input thermally connected to the first thermodynamic circuit so that auxiliary heat may contribute to the creation of the first pressurized vapor; and (vii) an auxiliary heat output thermally connected to the second thermodynamic circuit so that the second working fluid can lose heat to an auxiliary heat sink.

Abstract: A process and system of extracting useful work or electricity from a thermal source, wherein heat energy from the thermal source is used in the form of a heated collection fluid; a first side of a heat exchanger is filled with a liquid or supercritical working fluid; fluid flow out of the first side of the heat exchanger is closed such that a fixed volume of the working fluid is maintained in the first side; the heated collection fluid flowed through a second side of the heat exchanger that is adjacent to the first side to affect a transfer of heat from the heated collection fluid to the fixed volume of the working fluid to raise its temperature and pressure; the pressurized working fluid is released from the first side of the heat exchanger upon the working fluid reaching a threshold state; a flow of the pressurized working fluid is directed to an expander capable of converting the kinetic energy of the pressurized working fluid into useful work or electricity; and the foregoing steps are repeated.

Abstract: Heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) including bypass conduits for reducing fatigue and/or stress experienced by components within the HRSGs are disclosed. The HRSG may include a steam generator module generating steam, and a first superheater module positioned downstream of the steam generator module. The first superheater module may receive the steam generated by the steam generator module. The HRSG may also include a second superheater module positioned downstream from the first superheater module, and a bypass conduit for receiving a portion of the steam generated by the steam generator module. The bypass conduit may include an inlet positioned downstream of the steam generator module, and an outlet positioned downstream of the first superheater module. Additionally, the HRSG may include a valve in fluid communication with the bypass conduit to provide steam to the outlet of the bypass conduit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving the efficiency of a power plant exploit the temperature differential of the cooling water that may exist seasonally in some geographic locations. Specifically, new systems and ways of retrofitting existing systems to utilize the additional temperature differential of a power plant's coolant during colder months are provided in order to increase the efficiency of the plant. A second working fluid loop converts a portion of the condenser of the first working fluid loop into the boiler for the second working fluid loop in which the first and second working fluids in these respective loops are different. Thus, the energy output of the plant may be increased by the addition of a selectively operated secondary loop without an increase in fuel consumption.

Abstract: Thermoelectric energy storage system and an associated method are disclosed. The thermoelectric energy storage system includes a first refrigeration system, a power system, a first thermal storage unit, and a second thermal storage unit. The first refrigeration system includes a first heat exchanger, a first compressor, a second heat exchanger, and a first expander. The first heat exchanger is disposed upstream relative to the first compressor. The power system includes a third heat exchanger, a second compressor, a fourth heat exchanger, a fifth heat exchanger, and a second expander. The third heat exchanger is disposed upstream relative to the fourth heat exchanger. The fifth heat exchanger is disposed downstream relative to the second expander. The first thermal storage unit is coupled to the first heat exchanger and the fifth heat exchanger. The second thermal storage unit is coupled to the first refrigeration system and the power system.

Abstract: A combine cycle power plant is presented. The combine cycle power plant includes a gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, a main steam turbine and a supercritical steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine may be operated as a separate steam turbine that may be not a single steam turboset with the main steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine receives supercritical steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator to produce power output. Exiting steam from the supercritical steam turbine may be routed to the main steam turbine. The supercritical steam turbine may be operated at a rotational speed that is higher than a grid frequency. The rotational speed of the supercritical steam turbine may be reduced to the grid frequency via a gearbox.

Abstract: A method for operating a closed loop regenerative thermodynamic power generation cycle system is presented. The method includes supplying a high-temperature working fluid stream at a first pressure P1 to an expander, and extracting a partially expanded high temperature working fluid stream from the expander at a second pressure P2. Each of the first pressure P1 and the second pressure P2, are higher than a critical pressure of the working fluid; and the second pressure P2 is lower than P1. The method further includes regeneratively supplying the extracted high temperature working fluid stream at the second pressure P2 to a low temperature working fluid stream at the first pressure P1. A closed loop regenerative thermodynamic power generation cycle system is also presented.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery Rankine cycle system has a first Rankine cycle operated with a first working medium and a second Rankine cycle operated with a second working medium having a lower boiling point than the first working medium, the first Rankine cycle has a second scroll type fluid machine as an expander, a second electric generator, a second condenser, a condensing tank, a second condensing pump, a gas-liquid separation device, a heat exchanger, a low rate regulation valve, and a control device. This structure can drive a generator by a waste heat not only in a first Rankine cycle but also in a second Rankine cycle.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A Brayton cycle heat engine includes a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine. The Brayton cycle heat engine also includes a heat exchanger positioned at least partially within the combustion chamber. The heat exchanger is configured to deliver thermal energy to the combustion chamber from an external source, heating air entering the combustion chamber from the compressor, where the air exits the combustion chamber and drives the turbine.

Abstract: A rotary machine drive system includes: a first heat source heat exchanger that receives a first heating medium and gasifies a liquid working medium; a first expander that is connected to a rotation shaft and rotates the rotation shaft by expanding the working medium that has been gasified by the first heat source heat exchanger; a rotary machine that has a rotor part provided to the rotation shaft; a second heat source heat exchanger that receives a second heating medium and gasifies a liquid working medium; a second expander that is connected to the rotation shaft and rotates the rotation shaft by expanding the second heating medium; and a condenser that condenses the working medium that has been used in the first expander and the working medium that has been used in the second expander.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle system useful for the conversion of waste heat into mechanical and/or electrical energy is provided. The system features a novel configuration in which a first closed loop thermal energy recovery cycle comprising a first working fluid stream and a second closed loop thermal energy recovery cycle comprising a second working fluid stream interact but do not mix. The two thermal energy recovery cycles interact thermally via heat exchangers, a first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the first working fluid stream to the second working fluid stream, and a second heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the second working fluid stream to the first working fluid stream. In one or more embodiments, the Rankine cycle system is adapted for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transferring and optionally storing and/or retrieving thermal energy are disclosed. The systems and methods generally include a heat engine and a heat pump, the heat engine including first isothermal and gradient heat exchange mechanisms, and the heat pump including second isothermal and gradient heat exchange mechanisms. The heat engine and the heat pump exchange heat with each other countercurrent across the first and second gradient heat exchange mechanisms, the first isothermal heat exchange mechanism transfers heat to an external heat sink, and the second isothermal heat exchange mechanism receives heat from an external heat source.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a heat engine system containing working fluid (e.g., sc-CO2) within high and low pressure sides of a working fluid circuit and a heat exchanger configured to transfer thermal energy from a heat source to the working fluid. The heat engine system further contains an expander for converting a pressure drop in the working fluid to mechanical energy, a shaft coupled to the expander and configured to drive a device (e.g., generator or pump) with the mechanical energy, a recuperator for transferring thermal energy between the high and low pressure sides, and a cooler for removing thermal energy from the working fluid in the low pressure side. The heat engine system also contains a pump for circulating the working fluid, a mass management system (MMS) fluidly connected to the working fluid circuit, and a supply tank fluidly connected to the MMS by a supply line.

Abstract: For increasing power plant efficiency during periods of variable heat input or at partial loads, a motive fluid is cycled through a Rankine cycle power plant having a vaporizer and a superheater such that the motive fluid is delivered to a turbine at a selected inlet temperature at full admission. A percentage of a superheated portion of the motive fluid is adjusted during periods of variable heat input or at partial loads while virtually maintaining the inlet temperature and power plant thermal efficiency.

Abstract: Contemplated power plants and LNG regasification facilities employ a combination of ambient air and non-ambient air as continuous heat sources to regasify LNG and to optimize power production. Most preferably, contemplated plants and methods are operable without the need for supplemental heat sources under varying temperature conditions.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic engine includes a first stack and a second stack disposed in a gas-filled looped tube. The first stack has a first end to which heat is inputted and a second end to which cooling water is inputted, and the second stack has a first end to which the cooling water is inputted after passing through the second end of the first stack, and a second end provided with a cooling device. The thermoacoustic engine further includes a flow controller for controlling the flow rate of the cooling water to be inputted to the second end of the first stack.

Abstract: A power generation system is provided. The system comprises a first Rankine cycle-first working fluid circulation loop comprising a heater, an expander, a heat exchanger, a recuperator, a condenser, a pump, and a first working fluid; integrated with a) a second Rankine cycle-second working fluid circulation loop comprising a heater, an expander, a condenser, a pump, and a second working fluid comprising an organic fluid; and b) an absorption chiller cycle comprising a third working fluid circulation loop comprising an evaporator, an absorber, a pump, a desorber, a condenser, and a third working fluid comprising a refrigerant. In one embodiment, the first working fluid comprises CO2. In one embodiment, the first working fluid comprises helium, air, or nitrogen.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle system useful for the conversion of waste heat into mechanical and/or electrical energy is provided. The system features a novel configuration in which a first closed loop thermal energy recovery cycle comprising a first working fluid stream and a second closed loop thermal energy recovery cycle comprising a second working fluid stream interact but do not mix. The two thermal energy recovery cycles interact thermally via heat exchangers, a first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the first working fluid stream to the second working fluid stream, and a second heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the second working fluid stream to the first working fluid stream. In one or more embodiments, the Rankine cycle system is adapted for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as the working fluid.

Abstract: An offshore power generation structure comprising a submerged portion having a first deck portion comprising an integral multi-stage evaporator system, a second deck portion comprising an integral multi-stage condensing system, a third deck portion housing power generation equipment, cold water pipe; and a cold water pipe connection. The heat exchangers in the evaporator and condenser systems include a multi-stage cascading heat exchange system. Warm water conduits in the first deck portion and cold water conduits in the second deck portion are integral to the structure of the submerged portion of the offshore platform.

Abstract: A compressed air energy storage system integrated with a source of secondary heat, such as a simple cycle gas turbine, to increase power production and to provide power regulation through the use of stored compressed air heated by said secondary heat to provide power augmentation.

Abstract: A hybrid solar power plant includes a first circuit including a first flow medium and a second circuit including a second flow medium. The first circuit includes at least one solar collector to transfer collected solar heat to the first flow medium. The first circuit includes at least one first fluid/second fluid heat exchanger to exchange heat from the first flow medium in the first circuit to the second flow medium in the second circuit. The second circuit is preferably a water/steam circuit. The second circuit includes at least one steam turbine for generating electricity out of steam. The first circuit further includes a heat source for generating a flow of heating gas. The heat source serves as the auxiliary energy. A gas/first fluid heat exchanger is provided for transferring heat from the flow of heating gas to the first flow medium in the first circuit.

Abstract: A system for converting thermal energy to work. The system includes a working fluid circuit, and a precooler configured to receive the working fluid. The system also includes a compression stages and intercoolers. At least one of the precooler and the intercoolers is configured to receive a heat transfer medium from a high temperature ambient environment. The system also includes heat exchangers coupled to a source of heat and being configured to receive the working fluid. The system also includes turbines coupled to one or more of the heat exchangers and configured to receive heated working fluid therefrom. The system further includes recuperators fluidly coupled to the turbines, the precooler, the compressor, and at least one of the heat exchangers. The recuperators transfer heat from the working fluid downstream from the turbines, to the working fluid upstream from at least one of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a waste heat recovery system, comprising: an internal combustion engine for supplying a high grade waste heat thermal resource fluid and a low grade waste heat thermal resource fluid; an intermediate thermal cycle by which an intermediate fluid is vaporized by means of the high grade waste heat thermal resource fluid and is expanded within a first turbine, whereby produce is produced; and an organic thermal cycle by which an organic motive fluid is preheated by means of the low grade waste heat thermal resource fluid and is vaporized by means of the discharge of the intermediate fluid from the first turbine, said vaporized organic motive fluid being expanded in a second turbine, whereby power is produced.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at the thermodynamic property amplification of a given thermal supply, provided by hydrocarbon combustion or in the preferred application heat provided by low-grade geothermal energy from the earth, for a vapor power cycle. The present invention achieves the desired objectives by segregating the compressible supercritical energy stream from the heat exchanger (boiler) into hot and cool fractions using a vortex tube, where the hot temperature is elevated above the heat exchanger temperature; and adding back heat (enthalpy) to the cool stream increasing the cool temperature to that of the geothermal heat exchanger.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the generation of liquid natural gas (“LNG”) are provided.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are directed to working fluids and their use in processes wherein the working fluids comprise compounds having the structure of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H, F, Cl, Br, and C1-C6 alkyl, at least C6 aryl, at least C3 cycloalkyl, and C6-C15 alkylaryl optionally substituted with at least one F, Cl, or Br, wherein formula (I) contains at least one F and at least one Cl or Br, provided that if any R is Br, then the compound does not have hydrogen. The working fluids are useful in Rankine cycle systems for efficiently converting waste heat generated from industrial processes, such as electric power generation from fuel cells, into mechanical energy or further to electric power. The working fluids of the invention are also useful in equipment employing other thermal energy conversion processes and cycles.

Abstract: A generator comprising heat differential, pressure, and conversion modules, and a heat recovery arrangement; the differential module comprising a first high temperature reservoir containing a work medium at high temperature, a second low temperature reservoir containing a work medium at low temperature and a heat mechanism in fluid communication with the reservoir(s). The heat mechanism maintains a temperature difference therebetween by providing heat to and/or removing heat from the reservoirs; the pressure module comprises a pressure medium in selective fluid communication with the reservoirs for alternately performing a heat exchange process with the work medium.

Abstract: A Rankine cycle includes an waste-heat recovery device that is configured to exchange heat between cooling water coming out from an engine and exhaust gas exhausted from the engine, a heat exchanger including an evaporator through which the cooling water coming out from the engine flows to recover waste-heat of the engine to refrigerant, and a superheater through which the cooling water coming out from the waste-heat recovery device flows to recover the waste-heat of the engine to the refrigerant, an expander that is configured to generate power using the refrigerant coming out from the heat exchanger, a condenser that is configured to condense the refrigerant coming out from the expander, and a refrigerant pump that is configured to supply the refrigerant coming out from the condenser to the heat exchanger by being driven by the expander. The cooling water coming out from the superheater is returned to the engine after being joined with the cooling water coming out from the evaporator.

Abstract: A system includes a syngas cooler configured to cool a syngas. The syngas cooler includes a first syngas cooler section configured to cool the syngas and a second syngas cooler section configured to cool the syngas and generate a first superheated steam with an enthalpy of less than approximately 3800 kJ/kg.

Abstract: A system and process for generation of electrical power is provided. Electrical power is generated by a system including two integrated power cycles, a first power cycle utilizing water/steam as a working fluid and the second power cycle utilizing a fluid selected from the group consisting of molecular nitrogen, argon, a chemical compound having a boiling point of at most 65° C. at 0.101 MPa and a latent heat of vaporization of at least 350 kJ/kg, and a chemical compound having a boiling point of at most 65° C. at 0.101 MPa and a specific heat capacity as a liquid of at least 1.9 kJ/kg-° K as a working fluid. The working fluid of the second power cycle is expanded through a two-phase expander to produce power in the second power cycle, where the expanded working fluid of the second cycle has a temperature of at most 10° C.

Abstract: Provided is a combined cycle power system including at least one solar power plant including a concentrating dish configured to concentrate solar radiation; a solar receiver disposed and configured to utilize concentrated solar radiation for heating a first working fluid, and a first turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated first working fluid, and at least one recovery power plant including a heat recovery unit configured for utilizing exhaust heat of the first turbine to heat a second working fluid, and a second turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated second working fluid.

Abstract: An auxiliary burner configured to heat exhaust gas on an upstream side of any one of heat exchangers, and a fuel supply system configured to supply fuel to the auxiliary burner. To avoid damage of a heat-transfer pipe by exhaust gas of high temperature, a reference value on which the restriction on the charging quantity to be supplied to the auxiliary burner is based is set, and the charging quantity of fuel to the auxiliary burner is restricted so as not to exceed a limit defined by the reference value.

Abstract: A thermodynamic system and method of producing useful work includes providing a working fluid and a fluid pump, or compressor, for pumping the working fluid in a cycle. A thermal input is provided for supplying heat to the working fluid. An expansion device downstream of the thermal input converts motion of the working fluid to useful work. A heat pump is provided. A number of different means of implementing the heat pump are presented, including direct transfer of working fluid mass flow. The heat pump pumps heat from one portion of the working fluid to another portion of the working fluid. For some applications, a regenerator, or recuperator, may be used to transfer heat from a high temperature portion of the working fluid to a lower temperature portion.

Abstract: A thermal energy conversion plant, wherein a pressurized liquefied working fluid gasifies in an evaporator unit located at the lower level of a closed-loop thermodynamic circuit, ascends through a widening ascending conduit to a condenser unit located at the upper level of said thermodynamic circuit, condenses and falls because gravity powering a power extraction apparatus, before entering back into the evaporator, and restarting the cycle. A much lighter pressuring gas could be optionally included in the widening ascending conduit.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure generally provide a heat engine system and a method for regulating a pressure and an amount of a working fluid in a working fluid circuit during a thermodynamic cycle. A mass management system may be employed to regulate the working fluid circulating throughout the working fluid circuit. The mass management systems may have a mass control tank fluidly coupled to the working fluid circuit at one or more strategically-located tie-in points. A heat exchanger coil may be used in conjunction with the mass control tank to regulate the temperature of the fluid within the mass control tank, and thereby determine whether working fluid is either extracted from or injected into the working fluid circuit. Regulating the pressure and amount of working fluid in the working fluid circuit selectively increases or decreases the suction pressure of the pump to increase system efficiency.

Abstract: A combined cycle power system is provided including at least one solar power plant including a concentrating dish configured to concentrate solar radiation; a solar receiver disposed and configured to utilize concentrated solar radiation for heating a first working fluid, and a first turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated first working fluid, and at least one recovery power plant including a heat recovery unit configured for utilizing exhaust heat of the first turbine to heat a second working fluid, and a second turbine configured for generating electricity by expansion therein of the heated second working fluid.

Abstract: A solar power plant in a new split configuration of a solar Brayton cycle or Brayton/Rankine combined cycle which comprises an array of heliostat mounted mirrors, a solar receiver and a high pressure section of a Brayton cycle power plant mounted near a top of a solar tower, a low pressure section of the Brayton Cycle power plant and the electric generator mounted near or at ground level.

Abstract: The present application and the resultant patent provide a waste heat recovery system. The waste heat recovery system may include a first organic rankine cycle system, a second organic rankine cycle system, and one or more preheaters. The preheaters may be one or more charge air coolers. The charge air coolers may be in communication with the first organic rankine cycle system, the second organic rankine cycle system, or both the first organic rankine cycle system and the second rankine cycle system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for utilizing waste heat to power a reconfigurable thermodynamic cycle that can be used to selectively cool or heat an environmentally controlled space, such as a room, building, or vehicle. The present invention also integrates an electric machine, which may operate as a motor or generator, or both, and an additional prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine. Different combinations of these components are preferable for different applications. The system provides a design which reasonably balances the need to maximize efficiency, while also keeping the design cost effective.

Abstract: A system for controlled recovery of thermal energy and conversion to mechanical energy. The system collects thermal energy from a reciprocating engine, specifically from engine jacket fluid and/or engine exhaust and uses this thermal energy to generate a secondary power source by evaporating an organic propellant and using the gaseous propellant to drive an expander in production of mechanical energy. A monitoring module senses ambient and system conditions such as temperature, pressure, and flow of organic propellant at one or more locations; and a control module regulates system parameters based on monitored information to optimize secondary power output. A tertiary, or back-up power source may also be present. The system may be used to meet on-site power demands using primary, secondary, and tertiary power.

Abstract: A system for generating electricity including a water storage tank coupled to a heat exchanger and an oxygen generator. The oxygen generator separates water into oxygen and hydrogen and flows each element to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a fuel cell and a tube that water flows through adjacent the fuel cell. The operation of the fuel cell results in a by product of heat. The heat from the fuel cell is then transferred to water flowing through the tube and the water is converted to steam. The steam drives a turbine generator to produce electricity. The fuel cell generates water in its processing that is returned to the water storage tank.

Abstract: Various thermodynamic power-generating cycles employ a mass management system to regulate the pressure and amount of working fluid circulating throughout the working fluid circuits. The mass management systems may have a mass control tank fluidly coupled to the working fluid circuit at one or more strategically-located tie-in points. A heat exchanger coil may be used in conjunction with the mass control tank to regulate the temperature of the fluid within the mass control tank, and thereby determine whether working fluid is either extracted from or injected into the working fluid circuit. Regulating the pressure and amount of working fluid in the working fluid circuit helps selectively increase or decrease the suction pressure of the pump, which can increase system efficiency.

Abstract: A closed Rankine cycle power plant using an organic working fluid includes a solar trough collector for heating an organic working fluid, a flash vaporizer for vaporizing the heated organic working fluid, a turbine receiving and expanding the vaporized organic working fluid for producing power or electricity, a condenser for condensing the expanded organic working fluid and a pump for circulating the condensed organic working fluid to the solar trough collector. Heated organic working fluid in the flash vaporizer that is not vaporized is returned to the solar trough collector.