Abstract: A combined heat and power (CHP) system and a method of operating is provided. The CHP system includes an oxygen-air separation device. A combustion chamber has an inlet coupled to the oxygen-air separation device. The combustion chamber receives an expanded heated CO2 working gas for combustion of solid fuel and generates a CO2 exhaust gas. The expanded heated CO2 working gas comprising at least a portion of the CO2 exhaust gas. A heat exchanger receives combustion gases and outputs a cooled CO2 working gas. A turbine is provided having a compression section and an expansion section, the compression section configured to receive and compress the cooled CO2 working gas and to direct it to the heat exchanger. The turbine receives a heated CO2 working gas at the expansion section and expands the heated CO2 working gas. In an embodiment, CO2 products may be generated from the system.

Abstract: An improved steam engine is provided for operating on a recirculation of superheated air and steam. A gas turbine is including having a first intake, a first discharge and a power output shaft, said power output shaft providing rotation power output generated from a change in entropy of the gas through the turbine. A power turbine superheats the gas discharge and includes a turbocharger in operational communication with an electric DC motor, and a compressor mechanically driven by the turbocharger. The discharge from the compressor forms the turbine steam intake. A water injection system may be further provided for adding steam to the air recirculating circuit. A drive motor operatively coupled to the turbine may be used for startup to bring the turbine up to operational rotation speeds. A DC generator operatively coupled to recharge a battery driving the drive motor or for providing electrical power output.

Abstract: A media-free filter device for a supercritical fluid process is disclosed. The media-free filter device includes a first pipe section connected in flow communication with a closed-loop system for a supercritical fluid. A y-pipe segment intersects the first pipe section at an intersection joint. The intersection joint intersects at a descending obtuse angle with respect to the first pipe section flow direction. The y-pipe segment is open at the intersection joint and closed opposite the intersection joint, in flow communication with the first pipe section. The y-pipe section induces an eddy current turbulence zone adjacent the intersection joint to remove substantially all contaminants suspended in the supercritical fluid; and the contaminants are deposited in the descending y-pipe segment. An SCO2 process incorporating the media-free filter device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a shaft having a first air compressor coupled thereto, a combustor positioned to receive compressed air from the first compressor, and a power source coupled to the shaft, the power source powered by a working fluid other than the compressed air.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for raising an exhaust temperature to spin a turbocharger turbine and reduce turbo-lag. Pressurized air is discharged from a boost reservoir into an intake manifold while spark retard is increased to expedite exhaust heating while also increasing a net combustion torque. By expediting turbine spin-up in response to a tip-in, turbo-lag is reduced and engine performance is improved.

Abstract: A system for converting thermal energy to work. The system includes a working fluid circuit, and a precooler configured to receive the working fluid. The system also includes a compression stages and intercoolers. At least one of the precooler and the intercoolers is configured to receive a heat transfer medium from a high temperature ambient environment. The system also includes heat exchangers coupled to a source of heat and being configured to receive the working fluid. The system also includes turbines coupled to one or more of the heat exchangers and configured to receive heated working fluid therefrom. The system further includes recuperators fluidly coupled to the turbines, the precooler, the compressor, and at least one of the heat exchangers. The recuperators transfer heat from the working fluid downstream from the turbines, to the working fluid upstream from at least one of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of converting heat energy to a more usable form using an externally-heated Brayton cycle. Atmospheric air is used with water injection in a thermodynamic cycle that includes compression (1), evaporative cooling (34), recuperative heating (8), evaporative cooling (36), external heating (9) and expansion through a turbine (2). Power capacity and overall efficiency are maximized by decreasing the temperature of working fluid entering recuperator (8) and heater (9) while increasing the mass flow through turbine (2).

Abstract: A heat reservoir for use in a power plant that burns a dirty fuel such as coal to absorb the heat from the resulting dirty hot gas flow. The heat reservoir includes a number of heat absorbing walls that form dirty hot gas flow passages and clean hot gas flow passages. Cross-over holes are formed in the walls to equalize pressure. The dirty hot gas flow is passed though the dirty passages to heat up the walls. When the heat absorbing walls have absorbed enough heat, the dirty hot gas flow is stopped and compressed air is passed through the clean passages to absorb heat from the walls and is then passed through a turbine to drive an electric generator. The heat reservoir is then recharged again by passing the dirty hot gas flow through the dirty passages to recharge the walls.

Abstract: Provided is a concentrated solar power gas turbine that enables efficient operation to allow a reduction in capacity of the start-up driving source used for compensating for the shortage of solar heat quantity at the start-up/acceleration. The concentrated solar power gas turbine (GT1) includes a compressor (1) for taking in air and increasing the pressure thereof, the compressor (1) being provided with a start-up driving source for start-up/acceleration; a solar central receiver (2) for heating the high-pressure air, the pressure of which has been increased by the compressor (1), by the heat of sunlight collected by a heliostat to increase the temperature thereof; and a turbine (3) for converting thermal energy possessed by the high-temperature/high-pressure air to mechanical energy, wherein the fluid flow in the solar central receiver (2) is shut off to store heat in the period from the shutdown of the turbine (3) to the start-up thereof.

Abstract: The present technology is directed generally to rotary displacement systems and associated methods of use and manufacture. The systems can be used to compress and/or expand compressible fluids. In some embodiments, the rotary displacement systems include a chamber housing having a pressure-modifying chamber with a first port and a second port, a first passageway in fluid communication with the chamber via the first port, and a second passageway in fluid communication with the chamber via the second port. The systems can further include a shaft positioned within the chamber housing and rotatable relative to the chamber housing about a rotational axis, and a rotor comprising no more than two lobes.

Abstract: A system is provided for separating carbon dioxide emitted in exhaust gas from nitrogen gas. A compressor may be used for compressing the emitted exhaust gas and a heat exchanger may be used for cooling the compressed exhaust gas to liquid carbon dioxide temperatures. The liquid carbon dioxide may be separated from the compressed nitrogen gas and stored. A turbine may use the compressed nitrogen gas to drive the compressor, while further cooling the compressed nitrogen to cryo-temperatures. Heat exchangers may be used for transferring heat energy from emitted exhaust and the compressed exhaust to the cold compressed nitrogen, thus, conserving energy of the system.

Abstract: A compressed air energy storage (CAES) system encompassing direct heating. The compressed air energy storage system includes a compressor for compressing ambient air, an air storage reservoir, and a thermal energy storage system. The air storage reservoir is adapted to store compressed air from the compressor. The thermal energy storage system is adapted to supply heat to the compressed air energy storage system such that the compressed air is heated to increase work production of the compressed air. The thermal energy storage system is heated using off-peak electricity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam power plant comprising at least one steam heater for preparing compressed steam, a main turbine, which is connected downstream of the steam heater, is arranged on a main drive shaft and is a high-pressure or medium-pressure turbine, and a secondary turbine, which is interposed between the steam heater and the main turbine and is arranged on a secondary drive shaft, characterized in that the secondary turbine has an at least 50% higher operating speed when compared with a nominal speed of the main turbine.

Abstract: A closed-cycle gas turbine power generator system with a combined cycle system with a neutral gaseous primary motive medium and a secondary phase change medium with a lower pressure sub-system having a counter-rotating compressor module in combination with a counter-rotating gas turbine module, and with a higher pressure sub-system having a counter-rotating compressor module and a counter-rotating gas turbine module wherein the phase change medium in liquid form is injected into the compressor modules during compression of the primary motive medium with the phase change medium changing to a gas to form a compressed gaseous mixture that is heated by the heat source and supplied to the gas turbine module of the higher pressure sub-system for partial expansion and combining with a heated portion of the compressed gaseous mixture from the compressor module for final expansion in the lower pressure gas turbine modules.

Abstract: A dynamic heat sink engine including a storage vessel having a working fluid outlet and a working fluid inlet. The lower portion of the storage vessel contains a cryogenic working fluid, such as liquid hydrogen, at a temperature at near its boiling point. The engine further includes a working fluid circuit extending between the working fluid outlet and the working fluid inlet of the storage vessel. The working fluid circuit includes the serial connection of the following components from the working fluid outlet to the working fluid inlet: a fluid pump; a vaporizer having a liquid line passing therethrough; a heater; an expansion engine having a rotary output shaft; an electrical generator connected to the rotary output shaft of the expansion engine; a vapor line passing through the vaporizer, the vaporizer including a heat exchanger providing thermal communication between the liquid line and the vapor line.

Abstract: A closed cycle thermodynamic apparatus (10) is provided for powering a combustion machine. The apparatus (10) has a compressor (12) for compressing a working medium from a reservoir (14) at temperature T1. The temperature of the working medium increases during compression and reaches temperature T2 when leaving the compressor (12). It is then expanded in an expander (16) for turning the machine. In this manner mechanical work is extracted from the working medium. The apparatus (10) has a first heat exchanger (18) and a second heat exchanger (20) connected to the compressor (12) and the expander (16) in a closed cycle. It also has a burner (22) and a third heat exchanger (24). Air, as a Heat transfer medium, at ambient temperature T5 is induced into the second exchanger (20) to cool the working medium by receiving heat therefrom. The temperature of the working medium decreases from T4 to T1 before entering the compressor (12) for repeating the cycle.

Abstract: In a method of checking for a transposition of lambda sensors of a multicylinder internal combustion engine having at least two separate exhaust pipes connected to different cylinders, a catalytic converter arranged in each exhaust pipe, a lambda sensor arranged in each exhaust pipe upstream of the respective catalytic converter, a lambda sensor control circuit for each lambda sensor, and an air inlet connection associated with at least one exhaust pipe upstream of the respective lambda sensor, air is supplied to one of the exhaust pipes, and the signal provided by the respective Lambda sensor is compared with a stored threshold signal value to determine whether the lambda sensor installed is operative and is connected to the proper lambda sensor control circuit.

Abstract: A Modified Ericsson Turbocharged Reciprocating Engine (METRE), is provided which exhibits a high thermal efficiency for power and refrigeration applications. A Modified Ericsson cycle can include 2, 3, 4, or more stages (number of intercooling and heat/reheat cycles between stages). As stages are added, both cycle efficiency and power density (power/weight flow) increase, therefore, trade-offs between higher performance and number of stages (system complexity, cost, etc.) are necessary to optimize the engine. By combining a turbocompressor for the low pressures of the cycle and a multi-piston reciprocating engine for the high pressures of the cycle, a light weight, highly fuel-efficient, low-polluting, engine can be achieved. The METRE is highly suited for the power range of automobiles and trucks. This engine can use low technology (lower turbine temperatures, efficiencies, etc.) as well as high technology components (higher turbine temperatures, efficiency etc.

Abstract: A compressed air energy storage (CAES) system utilizes compressed air stored in a cavity for electric power and cold production. During periods of excess power production, atmospheric air is compressed then cooled in stages using energy from a motor/generator. Condensed water is then separated from the air which is then stored in a cavity. When there is an energy demand from the CAES system, the stored compressed air is heated using heat from an external low grade energy source such as refrigerated substances, surrounding water, surrounding air, waste heat sources and solar energy. The heated compressed air is then expanded through a plurality of expansion stages to provide mechanical power to the motor/generator for generating electricity.

Abstract: This disclosure is the use of high efficiency turbomachinery designs to achieve high efficiency thermodynamic cycles. The high efficiency thermodynamic cycles are referred to as the Modified Ericsson cycles, an expansion of the regenerative Brayton cycle. A Modified Ericsson cycle can include 2,3,4, or more stages (number of intercooling and heat/reheat cycles between stages) that achieve higher efficiencies and power density (net output power/cycle weight flow rate) than those of regenerative and nonregenerative Brayton cycles. Also included is a high temperature tip-turbine driven compressor design for Brayton, Modified Ericsson and other power/refrigeration cycles.

Abstract: A small-sized closed cycle type heat engine capable of efficiently recovering the working medium gas. The closed cycle type heat engine comprises a shaft having one end on which a first reduction gear is mounted, a second reduction gear meshing with the first reduction gear and connected to a generator, a compressor mounted on the other end of the shaft, front, middle and rear gas turbines sequentially coaxially mounted on the shaft, first to fourth heat exchangers for communicating with the front, middle and rear gas turbines so that the working medium gas in the front, middle and rear gas turbines is subjected to the thermal expansion and pressure expansion, thereby improving the recovery of the working medium gas.

Abstract: An air cycle machine for use within an Environmental Control System (ECS) operating in conjunction with a turbine engine. The air cycle machine includes two turbines commonly mounted on a shaft with a compressor. The air cycle machine is designed to directly receive high temperature, high pressure bleed air from the turbine engine and maximize energy extraction and utilization of the bleed air.

Abstract: A thermal energy peaking/intermediate power plant is disclosed having an atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (FBC) for heating compressed air which is input to a turbine. Low-grade fuels such as coal may be combusted in the FBC, eliminating the need for additional combustors requiring premium fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power generation system comprising a Brayton cycle turbine for directly driving a first air compressor. A motor/generator is adapted to drive said turbine in the power generating condition and be driven by said turbine in the start condition. A second air compressor is also directly driven by said turbine and is coupled to said turbine, motor/generator, and said first air compressor by a gear system. A heat exchanger between said second air compressor and said turbine provides heat energy to drive the system.

Abstract: A disposable rupturable shipping and installation strap holding in a retracted position the output member of a linear actuator such as a pre-filled pre-bled hydraulic actuator. The strap has a retaining member fitted over the end of the actuator output member and a pair of symmetrically disposed strips or bands integrally formed with the retaining member and attached at their other end to a portion of the actuator housing. The strips or bands have portions of reduced strength which cause the strap to break and free the actuator output member upon first operation of the actuator. Preferably, the strap is molded of relatively thin flexible plastic.

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant has a gas turbine including both high-pressure and low-pressure turbine sections and a compressor including both high-pressure and low-pressure compressor sections. One gas turbine section and one compressor section are arranged on each of a pair of twin-shafts with a closed circulation system flowing through the compressor and gas turbine sections. A nuclear reactor supplies heat to a working gas of the circulation system. Various by-passes for the working gas are provided which are controlled in response to operating conditions. In this way, the pressure of the working gas within the nuclear reactor and between the low and high pressure gas turbine sections is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: A system is disclosed incorporating a positive-displacement compressor-and-engine arrangement for converting heat of a working fluid to attain a pressure increase in a working fluid that is supplied to a turbine system. The system employs a heater interposed to pass exhaust fluid from the drive engine to the turbine system at an elevated temperature. As disclosed, the housing of the compressor-and-drive structure incorporates cooling apparatus, for example so that the reciprocating compressor may approach isothermal operation. Also, the turbine system is divided into one unit which supplies mechanical output power and another to drive a rotary compressor or supercharger, which supplies intake fluid to the positive-displacement compressor, the output of which supplies the positive-displacement engine.

Abstract: In a process for recovering the energy from a liquefied gas by evaporation in heat exchange with a cycle medium which is simultaneously cooled, said cycle medium being thereafter compressed, heated, subjected to engine expansion and recovered in a cyclical manner, wherein the improvement comprises operating the cycle so that the cycle medium remains in the gaseous phase throughout the entire cycle.