Abstract: A process and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of expansion turbines of the type having working fluid vapor passing rotating blades within a casing and means for conducting the working fluid vapor into and out of the casing in which condensation nuclei are mixed with said working fluid vapor prior to passing said rotating blades, said condensation nuclei being supplied in sufficient numbers and size to form droplets of condensate of said vapor having an average diameter of below about 20 microns, thereby providing increased condensation of the working fluid vapor as compared with condensation without condensation nuclei.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for condensing into liquid phase a vapor containing non-condensable gas components through heat exchange with a heat exchanging medium has a vessel having a vapor inlet for receiving the vapor containing the non-condensable gas components and a discharge port for the non-condensable gas components. The heat exchanger further has a tube nest disposed in the vessel and having a plurality of tubes through which the heat exchanging medium flows. The vapor containing non-condensable gas components flows towards the discharge port across the tube nest so as to be condensed into liquid phase through heat exchange with the heat exchanging medium flowing through the tubes, so that the non-condensable gas components are separated from the liquid phase and flow towards the discharge port.

Abstract: A vapor generating system for supplying vapor energy to power a motor and employing the energy in the vapor exhausted by the motor to operate an air pump for supplying air to mix with a source of fuel in a combustion space in a chamber which collects vapor under pressure for release through a transmission connected to the motor. The vapor exhausted from the motor is delivered to a condenser where it resumes a liquid so the resulting liquid is able to be reused for maintaining a supply of vapor energy.

Abstract: Steam exhaust outlets of a low pressure steam turbine are fitted with a divider plate to separate exhaust steam into isolated flow paths in fluid communication with a condenser. Separation of the flow paths is maintained through the condenser so that heat rate is improved by lower average back pressure and higher temperature condensate exiting the condenser. In a double flow turbine, a further divider plate separates steam from one exhaust outlet from that of the other exhaust outlet thereby creating four steam flow paths to the condenser.

Abstract: Condenser fluid comprising vaporized working fluid and non-condensable gases is treated by extracting fluid from the condenser and pressuring the fluid to liquefy the vaporized working fluid therein in such a way that the noncondensable gases are separated from the working fluid and can be vented from the extracted fluid.

Abstract: A start-up method of a steam turbine plant including a condenser is disclosed. The condenser includes a tube bundle composed of a number of pipes for condensing an exhaust steam from a steam turbine and a hot well for receiving and storing a condensate therein. The interior of the condenser is airtightly divided into two spaces with a partition therebetween, one of them being an upper space containing the tube bundle and the other one being a lower space containing the hot well. A communication passageway(s) extends between the upper space and the lower space with an isolation valve in the form of a butterfly valve disposed on the communication passageway. At the shut-down of the steam turbine plant, the isolation valve is closed to isolate the upper space from the lower space while the lower space is maintained in vacuum.

Abstract: A concrete steam condenser for an axial exhaust turbine supported on a concrete foundation, is aligned with the exhaust and comprises a volume whose external concrete envelope forms a monolithic assembly with the concrete foundation. The turbine exhaust is flanged to the condenser inlet. The condenser does not require supporting or guiding. The turbine shaft responds better to deformation of the condenser. The amount of concrete used is significantly less than the volume usually used.

Abstract: A steam plant which includes a steam driven turbine, and a condenser in which the steam exhausted from the turbine is condensed, the condenser being at least 200 meters above the level of the turbine and preferably several kilometers above the turbine level. The turbine is connected to the condenser by a vacuum tight shaft adapted to convey the spent steam upwardly to the condenser at vapor speeds up to 0.75 of the speed of sound in that vapor. The condensate is continually withdrawn from the condenser both to maintain the vacuum and to stimulate continued mass transfer upwardly of the spent steam at high speed.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the operation of a steam condenser in a power plant which includes a steam turbine, the condense having: a steam flow path including a steam inlet connected to receive turbine exhaust steam from the turbine steam outlet, a condensate outlet and a heat exchange region located between the steam inlet and the condensate outlet; a cooling water flow path having an inlet and an outlet and heat exchange elements for conducting cooling water through the heat exchange region, and a non-condensible product removal path having an inlet communicating with the heat exchange region and an outlet located outside of the heat exchange region.

Abstract: Potential difficulties with corrosion resistance in air cooled condensers utilizing aluminum fins are avoided by using fin and tube constructions made by a method which includes the steps of providing a flattened tube (50) of ferrous material (80) and having an exterior coating (82) predominantly of aluminum; providing at least one serpentine fin (56) of aluminum (86) and clad with a predominantly aluminum braze cladding (88); assembling (102) the fin (56) to the flattened tube (50); applying (94), (100), (104), a brazing flux to at least one of the fin (56) and the tube (50); raising (106) the temperature of the assembly to a level sufficient to at least partially melt the braze cladding (88); and maintaining the temperature for a sufficient period of time to achieve a brazed joint (60) between the fin (56) and the tube (50) but a time insufficient to convert the coating (82) and the cladding (88) to ferrous-aluminum intermetallic compound or intermediate phase.

Abstract: An improved air-cooled vacuum steam condenser in a steam turbine cycle comprising a turbine for generating mechanical power, a boiler for generating steam, a conduit arrangement coupling the boiler to the turbine and then another conduit arrangement coupling the turbine exhaust back to the boiler through steam condensing mechanism. The steam condensing mechanisms include a plurality of finned tubes through which the expanded exhaust steam may flow counter to its condensate and be condensed; a plurality of front headers at the lower ends of the condensing tubes for conveying the exhaust steam from the turbine and receiving the condensate from the finned tubes; a plurality of rear headers at the upper ends of the condensing tubes for receiving the non-condensible gasses; and means in the rear headers to remove non-condensible gasses from the rear headers.

Abstract: An improved air-cooled vacuum steam condenser in a steam turbine cycle comprising a steam powered system comprising a turbine for converting steam energy into mechanical energy upon expansion of steam therein, a boiler for generating steam to be fed to the turbine, and a conduit arrangement coupling the boiler to the turbine and then recoupling the turbine exhaust to the boiler through steam condensing mechanisms, the condensing mechanisms include a plurality of finned tubes through which the expanded exhaust steam flows and is condensed; a plurality of bundle front headers at the input ends of the condensing tubes for receiving exhaust steam from the turbine; a plurality of bundle rear headers at the output ends of the condensing tubes for receiving condensate and non-condensible gasses; a plurality of vertically oriented water leg pipes, one for each bundle rear header of each bundle, coupling each rear header with a water leg manifold; a hydraulic balance device in the condensate drain system coupling the

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an apparatus for converting steam energy into electrical energy. The apparatus includes a turbine capable of converting steam energy into mechanical energy. The apparatus also includes a generator for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Additionally, there is a shaft disposed in and connecting the turbine and the generator along a center line. The shaft is capable of being turned by the steam energy of the turbine. There is also a single condenser connected to the turbine. The single condenser is capable of drawing steam out of the turbine and condensing steam to water. The single condenser is disposed alongside the turbine.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and method for generating power from a working fluid wherein the working fluid is a saturated vapor or superheated vapor generated in a high pressure zone where the working fluid is used to impart work to a working shaft by means of directly linked high and low pressure cylinder piston assemblies located in the high pressure zone and a lower pressure zone, respectively.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for condensing a vapor containing non-condensable gases comprises an inlet header for receiving said vapor and non-condensable gases, and a plurality of heat exchanger tubes arranged in a plurality of vertically spaced banks. One end of each tube is connected to the inlet header for receiving the vapor and the non-condensable gases in parallel; and the other end of each tube in a bank is connected to a separate header associated with each bank. Each separate header is vented for venting non-condensable gases therein to the atmosphere. The provision of separate headers for each bank of tubes prevents equalization of pressure between the banks thereby preventing back-flow and the creation of pockets of non-condensable gases in the tubes of a bank.

Abstract: In a device for degassing the feed-water line in the cycle of, for example, a nuclear heated electricity generating plant, steam bubbles are introduced into the condensate beneath the water level in the condensate collecting vessel via spray nozzles in order to solve the acute steam generator corrosion problems. For this purpose, a flow channel, in which the condensate follows a particular path to the hot well is provided in the vessel. Several spray nozzles are provided spaced out in the flow direction of the condensate. The steam/gas mixture escaping from the condensate is guided in counterflow to a steam balance opening which is located in the intermediate floor in the entry region of the flow channel the intermediate floor screening the vessel from the condensation space of the condenser.

Abstract: The invention is a solar-powered, Rankine cycle, two fluid engine useable for many functions, especially for pumping liquids from the ground such as water or oil in remote locations. The engine driven by heat energy collected in standard collectors or in solar ponds utilizes a heated fluid such as water to transfer the heat from the collectors to a tank where a volatile working medium is transformed into a pressurized vapor. The heated working medium is then fed to a double acting cylinder where work is extracted from the working medium. The engine's valving is controlled by electric switches. The storage batteries are continuously charged by solar energy. If the source of energy is heat collected by standard collectors, a tracking device for the collectors, also driven by solar power, is incorporated in order to attain high collection efficiencies. The engine is used to drive either mechanical or hydraulic pumping devices.

Abstract: A system for storing electrical energy in the form of triple-point CO.sub.2 and then using such stored energy plus heat to generate electrical power. A reservoir of carbon dioxide liquid at about the triple point is created in an insulated vessel. Liquid carbon dioxide is withdrawn and pumped to a high pressure, which high pressure carbon dioxide is heated and expanded to create rotary power which generates electrical power. The discharge stream from the expander is cooled and returned to the vessel where carbon dioxide vapor is condensed by melting solid carbon dioxide. A fuel-fired gas turbine connected to an electrical power generator can be used to heat the high pressure carbon dioxide, and an ambient air stream flowing toward the gas turbine can be cooled by giving up heat to the high pressure carbon dioxide stream.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering mechanical energy from the exhaust steam from a power plant is disclosed. The exhaust steam is led to a generally U-shaped sealed reservoir containing two legs filled with water. The water is driven back and forth between the legs causing the exhaust steam to condense while generating energy from the oscillating water in the reservoir.

Abstract: An extraction turbine system in which the condenser connects to a venting system to remove non-condensing air flows penetrating the system and gases entrained in the steam and condensate and a portion of exhaust steam. The venting system has a steam jet compressor to provide the suction for removing the gases and steam. The motive end of the compressor is fed by a steam line connecting to the lowest pressure extraction point on the turbine (next to the turbine exhaust point), which pressure is below atmospheric. This construction reduces the power requirement for removing the gases and steam; it recovers heat energy from the steam exhausted from the turbine, preheats the condensate, and correspondingly gains additional mechanical energy from the turbine.

Abstract: A support system for a marine turbine power plant may include an integral condenser. The support system comprised of plate girders and welded plate steel cover may envelop the condenser within the structure in order to save weight in the ship's payload. Certain modifications have to be made to adapt the support to include an integral condenser including the ability of the base to accommodate thermal expansion, noise isolation, structural centering of the condenser and steam flow through the turbine support members.

Abstract: An energy-saving, direct-contact parallel-flow heat exchanger includes a vertically oriented tower open at the top and bottom for defining a gas-flow conduit. A spray-head adjacent to the top of the tower sprays droplets of relatively warm brine into the air which flows downwardly in response to drag forces being exerted by the falling droplets and is compressed as a heat-exchange process takes place between the air and the droplets. The cooled droplets that fall to the bottom of the tower are collected and separated from the air. An air turbine associated with the tower produces energy in response to the downward flow of air in the tower.

Abstract: There is provided a method for generating power from a working fluid wherein the working fluid is a saturated vapor or is superheated to a vapor and then passed to a high pressure zone where the working fluid is used to impart work to a working shaft by means of directly linked high and low pressure cylinder piston assemblies located in the high pressure zone and a low pressure zone, respectively.

Abstract: A natural-draft cooling tower having a plurality of preferably roof-shaped heat exchange elements for condensing the turbine exhaust steam from a power plant. A portion of the heat exchange elements are connected to operate as condensers, and another portion of the heat exchange elements are connected to operate as dephlegmators, reflux condensers or fractionating columns, with the latter being disposed downstream, when viewed in the direction of flow of the steam, of the heat exchange elements that operate as condensers. In order to assure a complete condensation, and a residual condensation in the heat exchange elements that operate as reflux condensers, under all weather and load conditions, the heat exchange elements that operate as reflux condensers are each provided with a respective fan, the conveying capacity of which can be regulated.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling fluid delivery into a heat exchanger wherein the temperature and the pressure of the delivered fluid is lower than the temperature and the pressure of the fluid within the heat exchanger and wherein the delivery of the fluid is accomplished without the use of pumps or compressors or other such devices. The delivering apparatus uses the pressure force developed within the heat exchanger after fluid change of phase has occurred therein for delivering the fluid vapor resulting therefrom to an elevation superior to the delivering apparatus by means of a predetermined elevated position of the pressure driven device using the vaporized fluid for its operation and the disposition of the conduit delivering the exhaust therefrom. The exhausted fluid is returned to the liquid condition by means of the heat and pressure expended in operating the pressure driven device and, by additional cooling, if needed.

Abstract: An ejection system including a steam ejector 48 having a steam nozzle 54 aligned with a diffuser 56 which defines a outlet from the ejection system. The ejector has an inlet 46, 52 to the interface of the nozzle 54 and the diffuser 56. A normally closed, non-condensible flow control valve 24 has an outlet 36 connected to the ejector inlet 46 and an inlet 32 adapted to be connected to a working fluid flow path 30 of a Rankine cycle apparatus. A motor 40, 42 is provided for selectively operating the flow control valve 24. A steam generating reaction chamber 60 is in fluid communication with the steam nozzle 54 and first and second pressure vessels 62, 64 are provided and adapted to contain a different reactant of a multi-reactant steam producing chemical reaction. A valve 66 controls fluid communication between the pressure vessels 62, 64 and the reaction chamber 60.

Abstract: A connection between a steam turbine (1) and a condenser (2), the turbine being supported by an admission end bearing (7) and by an exhaust end bearing (8), and exhausting axially into an end-located condenser via an exhaust sleeve (3) which is connected to the turbine stator at one end and which has its other end connected to the condenser via a sealed resilient connection (4), the turbine-condenser connection including the improvement whereby a tubular duct (44) passes freely through the condenser along the turbine axis, one end (45) of said duct being fixed to the fixed parts of the turbine exhaust end bearing, which parts are connected to said sleeve (3), and the other end (43) of said duct being connected to a flange (38) having the same diameter as the condenser end of the exhaust sleeve, with a sealed resilient connection (39) being provided between the periphery of said flange and the condenser.

Abstract: An apparatus for deaerating condensate in a condenser employed in a steam turbine plant, an open conduit to permit the condensate to flow to a covered conduit covered so that the condensate cannot flow therein without passing the open conduit. The condensate is heated in the open conduit, resulting in more effective and quicker deaeration of the condensate and as well as a shortened start up of the plant.

Abstract: A steam supply system is provided for use in conjunction with both a superposed turbine driven by a steam boiler and a process chamber. The steam boiler operates at a pressure above that needed for consumption in the process chamber and uses highly purified water. The process chamber can use steam which has been generated from relatively low purity water and may be any steam consuming process, such as in one embodiment coal gasification, not requiring that the water be returned for re-use as steam. Energy remaining in the high purity steam after it leaves the superposed turbine is used in a condensing reboiler to heat the water into steam for the process chamber. The two fluids are kept essentially isolated from contact with each other in the condensing reboiler, and the high purity water is pumped back to the high pressure boiler in a closed loop system.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to an improved method and apparatus for extracting useful energy from the superheated vapor of a working fluid by a vapor actuated power generating device. The apparatus utilized includes a high pressure vessel which receives a superheated vapor and contains one or more positive displacement piston and cylinder assemblies connected to a rotational output shaft with the top face of each piston directly connected to a larger piston and cylinder assembly which operates at lower pressure and is contained within one of the low pressure sections of the apparatus which also serves as the condenser. The low pressure piston is axially connected to an injector piston and cylinder assembly also located within the same low pressure section which transfers liquefied working fluid to heat absorption cells for acquiring sufficient heat to vaporize and superheat the working fluid for recycling.

Abstract: A slurry of liquified gas such as carbon dioxide and finely pulverized coal particles is provided in a mixing chamber and discharged from the chamber into a pipeline for conveyance to a power plant. During discharge from the mixing chamber pressurized gas at a sufficiently high pressure is injected above the slurry mix to maintain adequate pressure during discharge and prevent cavitation at the inlet port of pumping means employed in the pipeline. The slurry is depressurized at the downstream end of the pipeline by movement through pressure reduction means so that it is decompressed non-adiabatically and the coal and gas particles are separated. The gas remains at a low temperature and is passed in heat exchange relationship with cooling water from the power plant cooling tower to lower the temperature of same and consequently increase the efficiency of the power plant.

Abstract: A multiple pressure condenser has heating devices for the overcooled parts of the condensate, which devices are accommodated alone or preferably in pairs in one or more of the condenser parts. The heating devices have perforated droplet plates located one above the other, from which droplet plates the overcooled condensate drips downwards in steps and is heated to at least the saturation temperature of the condenser space by high pressure exhaust steam flowing upwards. The overcooled condensate arrives at the highest droplet plate via drain and rising ducts, which are connected to the space over the intermediate floor or floors which separate the exhaust steam spaces from the hot well.

Abstract: A system for draining condensate from a temperature regulated, steam operated heat exchanger. A buffer tank having a volume at least equal to that of the steam compartment is connected to the steam side of the heat exchanger, and a drain line extends from the bottom of the buffer tank to a condensate collection pipe located above the buffer tank. The drain pipe from the heat exchanger includes an air venting device and a control pipe having a non-return valve linking the top of the tank to the steam side of the heat exchanger. During low load operation of the heat exchanger, air from the top of the buffer tank can flow back to the steam compartment of the heat exchanger to equalize the pressures and permit drainage of the condensate even during low load conditions.

Abstract: A method of separating the two exhausts of a low pressure double flow turbine so that the turbine can be directly connected to a zoned or multi pressure condenser having a shell side low pressure chamber with influent cooling water in the tubes disposed therein and a shell side higher pressure chamber with effluent cooling water in the tubes disposed therein and utilizing structural elements within the turbine and baffling to form low leakage seals between the two chambers.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an external combustion engine including an engine housing forming at least one pair of opposed cylinders, a piston mounted for reciprocating motion in each cylinder, a rotatable power output shaft mounted between the pistons, and a roller assembly connecting the pistons with the shaft. A boiler and a condenser are connected to supply a pressurized vapor to the cylinders in order to reciprocate the pistons and rotate the shaft. The moving pistons operate as an air pump for moving air through the condenser and the boiler.

Abstract: Condensing exhaust steam by conveying a stream of the exhaust steam under vacuum to a base cooling tower to condense the steam so long as the heat rejection capacity of the base cooling tower is adequate to condense the steam; supplementing the base cooling tower, when it provides inadequate cooling, by contemporaneously also withdrawing cold cooling water from a cold water reservoir and injecting the cooling water into the stream of exhaust steam under vacuum to condense a portion of the steam to water such that the remaining portion of the steam is condensed to water in the base cooling tower; withdrawing hot condensed water from the exhaust steam stream and feeding a portion thereof to a hot reservoir; withdrawing hot cooling water from the hot reservoir, when the cooling tower capacity is adequate to decrease the temperature of the exhaust steam to below the temperature of the hot cooling water in the hot reservoir, and subjecting the withdrawn hot cooling water to the exhaust steam vacuum to cool the hot

Abstract: Residual geothermal steam containing hydrogen sulfide from a steam turbine is condensed with an aqueous solution of ferric chelate in a direct or indirect condensor whereby the hydrogen sulfide is converted to free sulfur and the ferric chelate is converted to ferrous chelate. The ferrous chelate is subsequently oxidized back to the ferric state and reused.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of cooling and condensing exhaust steam from a power plant which rejects heat to air and uses a peak shaving water based cooling system to supplement a primary cooling system. During regeneration of the cooling water, which is heated during peak shaving, the hot water is fed directly to the boiler.

Abstract: A condensation system for use in a power plant including a steam generator and steam turbine comprises at least one side stream condenser. The side stream condenser defines therein first and second hot wells with the first hot well receiving therein condensate produced by condensing steam exhausted from the steam turbine. A condensate pump device forcibly delivers the condensate through a condensate feed line having one end thereof connected to the first hot well and the other end communicating with the second hot well. A first purification device is provided in the condensate feed line to remove impurities from the condensate flowing therethrough. A main condensate pump device forcibly delivers the condensate through a main condensate feed line having one end thereof communicating with the condensate feed line and the other end connected to the steam generator.

Abstract: A heater unit for heating water which is supplied to a steam-generating boiler of an electric energy production installation which includes an alternator driven by a turbine having at least one low-pressure body (9) connected by a housing (15), to a steam condenser situated under said low-pressure body, said heater unit comprising a nest of tubes located inside said housing and being supplied with water coming from an extraction circuit for the condenser (14) and the outer surface of the tubes being supplied with steam drawn off from the low-pressure body, the nest of tubes being substantially horizontal and perpendicular to the axis (10) of the turbine, the cross-section of the nest (1) of tubes of said heater unit being narrow and elongate and the length of said cross-section being disposed substantially vertically, the nest of tubes being enclosed in a casing (16) which both channels the steam around the nest of tubes and receives the steam bleed-off pipes (15), wherein the cross-section (7) of said casing

Abstract: A long-period storage accumulator for storing heat water is used as a storing medium. The water is enclosed in large thin-walled containers which are arranged under the ground. The water pressure forces acting on the container walls are carried by the surrounding of the container.

Abstract: Methods for utilizing the heat content of a heated carrier agent are disclosed including indirectly contacting the carrier agent with a working fluid which boils at a temperature lower than water, in order to vaporize the working fluid, producing mechanical energy by expanding the working fluid to a number of reduced pressures, including the condensation pressure of the working fluid corresponding to atmospheric temperature conditions at the time, and a reduced pressure intermediate between the initial elevated pressure of the working fluid and that condensation pressure, separating the working fluid into separate streams corresponding to the working fluid at each of these reduced pressures, condensing the working fluid stream at the lowest pressure by indirectly contacting it with the atmospheric air, condensing the working fluid at the condensation pressure by indirectly contacting it with a liquid heat carrier, and repressurizing both of those working fluid streams for recycle.

Abstract: A self-starting, fuel-fired, air heating system including a vapor generator, a turbine, and a condenser connected in a closed circuit such that the vapor output from the vapor generator is conducted to the turbine and then to the condenser where it is condensed for return to the vapor generator. The turbine drives an air blower which passes air over the condenser for cooling the condenser. Also, a condensate pump is driven by the turbine. The disclosure is particularly concerned with the provision of heat exchanger and circuitry for cooling the condensed fluid output from the pump prior to its return to the vapor generator.

Abstract: A side stream type condenser which has a first hot well for condensing steam exhausted from a turbine and storing the condensed water and a second hot well for storing the purified condensed water to prepare for water feed to a main system includes a partition plate for defining the two hot wells. The partition plate is formed with a weir portion so that part of the condensed water in the second hot well may overflow to keep a fixed water level. The weir portion is constructed in the shape of a labyrinth and is formed with a passage normally filled up with the condensed water, and a space in the upper part of the second hot well communicates with the upper space of the first hot well through this passage only. The condensed water in the first hot well is fed to a purifying system disposed outside, and is purified therein.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel cold source for a Rankine cycle system which employs the use of cold seasonal temperatures to form an ice bed and which allows insulation of said ice bed from warm seasonal temperatures, the cold source comprising a container having an insulated side wall and an insulated bottom; a ventilated top wall mounted above said side wall, said top wall permitting a flow of external air to said container; means associated with said top wall for controlling the flow of external air to said reservoir; an insulated cover mounted on said top wall, a grate extending across said reservoir above said bottom defining a space for containment of a body of water; and means associated with said reservoir for spraying water into said reservoir. The invention also provides a novel turbine, condenser and evaporator assembly, and a magnetically-actuated fluid pump which may also be used for Rankine Cycle Systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a back pressure turbine (2) for a district heating plant (15), in which a cut-off valve (22) is provided between the turbine (2) and the condenser (5). The valve makes it possible to use the turbine condenser for heating the water of the district heating system through direct supply of steam from the steam boiler (1) when the turbine is shut off.

Abstract: Apparatus and method comprising a base cooling system using a refrigeration cycle, a peak-shaving system using a secondary cooling liquid, and a regeneration system for the peak-shaving system secondary cooling liquid. A split or partitioned heat exchanger alternately condenses only the refrigerant in the base cooling system or it condenses that refrigerant and a refrigerant used to cool hot secondary cooling liquid.The apparatus can be used in power generating plants with the split heat exchanger located in a cooling tower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supporting device for a condensation steam turbine. The turbine parts which are exposed to vacuum tension are attached to a foundation carrier. The foundation carrier is also integrated into a spring supported foundation. The foundation carrier may be connected to a substructure through a separate support. Alternately, a supporting structure may be used to support the foundation carrier and the spring supported foundation. A condenser itself may be constructed as a support.

Abstract: There are disclosed four embodiments of apparatus for use in condensing steam from the turbine exhaust of a power plant or the like, each comprising a steam condenser having means for circulating cooling medium therethrough in heat exchange relation with steam from the turbine exhaust, and wet and dry cooling towers in which the cooling medium is cooled by means of ambient air.

Abstract: Spent steam from a steam driven electric generating power plant is condensed by heat rejection to a refrigerant in a closed loop. The closed refrigerant loop contains an expander and a compressor, and a heat exchanger in a cooling tower. The compressor and expander are integrated so that (1) in an upper cooling cycle at the upper end of the ambient or air temperature range, only the compressor is operated within its operating range, (2) in a lower cooling cycle at the lower end of the ambient or air temperature range, only the expander is operated and (3) in a middle cooling cycle at the middle range of the ambient or air temperatures, when the turn-down of either the compressor or the expander is a limiting factor, both of them are operated.