Abstract: A pupil expander insertion system for eye surgery includes a pupil expander insertion tool and an iris retracting glide. The insertion tool includes a housing having forward and rearward ends, a hollow chamber in which a piston is axially movable, and an aperture formed in the forward end that communicates with the hollow chamber. A retractable blade for holding a pupil expander in an elongated condition is journaled within the aperture and connected to the piston for longitudinal movement therewith. The forward end of the blade has a slot extending rearwardly, defining a pair of tines wherebetween the expander can be slidably inserted. A stationary hollow spatula surrounds the blade in the retracted position, contacting the pupil expander to slidingly urge it off the retracting blade. The glide has an elongated tongue with a folded tab on one end slidably inserted through a slot means in the other end.

Abstract: The present invention provides endoscopic instrumentation and surgical techniques especially useful for accessing and removing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc. Instrumentation includes tissue spreaders and cutting instruments. In particular, the tissue spreading instruments include instruments for spreading pre-sacral tissue such as fascia and for spreading adjacent vertebrae to facilitate access to the intervertebral disc. Endoscopic cutting instruments deliver a cutting blade in a sheathed position to the site of the disc nucleus followed by deployment to remove portions of the disc nucleus.

Abstract: An inflatable endoscopic retractor is disclosed for retracting organs and tissues in the body. The inflatable retractor comprises an inflatable balloon configured to retract specific organs and tissues at the site of the endoscopic procedure, with attached inflation and deflation means. In one embodiment, the inflatable balloon has an attached support rib to provide additional strength and rigidity during retraction. In another embodiment, the inflatable balloon has multiple projections, each with an attached support rib, to provide retraction in several directions. A retractor having an endoscopic housing with separate channels is also disclosed which provides retraction as well as the means for inserting a second endoscopic surgical tool.

Abstract: An abdominal wall elevator device including a pair of retractable tabs rotatable to 90.degree. with respect to the vertical axis of the device, and selected of a dimension to enter the port of a Trocar in allowing low pressure pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic surgery. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a removable push-rod incorporates a flat tip to operate on the tenons of a pair of hinges to swing the retractor tabs to the desired angle, to be locked in place.

Abstract: A surgical retractor is provided including a handle portion, a tubular portion extending from the handle portion, and a collapsible retractor assembly connected to a distal end of the tubular portion. The handle portion includes an actuating structure for manipulating the collapsible retractor assembly through the tubular portion. The retractor assembly includes a plurality of retractor blades, a camming assembly connected to the retractor blades and structure for connecting the retractor blades to the actuating structure.

Abstract: A speculum having a dilator for insertion into a body cavity of a patient and an opening mechanism for opening the dilator to dilate the body cavity. The dilator has at least two dilator blade members which are pivotal. The opening mechanism consists of a collar which is rotatable to contact and bear against the blade members. This causes the blade members to pivot and move apart, thereby opening the dilator. This results in the body cavity of the patient being dilated which allows for easy examination thereof.

Abstract: A speculum for dilating a body cavity includes a base and a number of arms pivotably attached to the base. There is an actuator movably attached to the base for causing each of the arms to move relative to each other from a closed position to an opened position so that a body cavity can be smoothly opened after the arms have been inserted into the body cavity.

Abstract: A surgical instrument is provided for use in endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures. The instrument includes a handle portion, an endoscopic portion extending from the handle portion, an articulating section pivotably connected to a distal end of the endoscopic portion, and a retractor assembly operatively associated with the articulating section. Structure is provided for progressively manipulating the articulating section of the instrument relative to the longitudinal axis of the endoscopic portion within an angular sector of rotation.

Abstract: A method for endoscopic surgery utilizes a wire or wires to support the anterior wall of a body cavity. The method may include the utilization of a retractor specifically designed for endoscopic surgery.

Abstract: A minimally invasive retractor and dissector for internal surgical use on a patient's body has a tubular support for passing into the patient's body. A proximal end on the tubular support located outside the patient's body is in position to provide access for the surgeon. A distal end on the tubular support located inside the patient's body to provide access within the patient for surgery. A control is located at the proximal end of the tabular support. One or more articulated members are movably positioned relative to the distal end of the tubular support so each of the articulated members allows swinging relative to the distal end. A rotator connects to the proximal end of the tubular support for movement relative to the control. An instrument moves independently of the tubular support when the articulated members and the distal tips cooperatively function on the tissue.

Abstract: A tissue spreading forceps for gripping and spreading tissue include two gripping members which are secured to each other by a spring and are rotatable in relation to each other about a pivot. Initial pressure to the spring causes the gripping members to close and grip tissue at two locations. Additional pressure applied to the spring causes the gripping members to spread apart in relation to each other, thereby spreading the tissue.