Abstract: In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an instrument adapted for use in an anterior to psoas spinal access procedure. The instrument includes a body, a first arm and a second arm. A first rod extends from the first arm at an angle thereto while a second rod extends from the second arm at an angle thereto. Each of the first rod and the second rod include a length with a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a convex surface perimeter and the second portion having a perimeter different from the first portion and being convex in part. In some embodiments, a kit includes the instrument and a blade adapted for use in conjunction with the instrument in an anterior to psoas spinal access procedure.

Abstract: An intravaginal device for cervical ripening comprising an inflatable portion and a tube in fluid communication with the inflatable portion. The inflatable portion is configurable between a deflated and an inflated state, and the inflatable portion is configured to be inserted into a vagina when in the deflated state and to ripen a cervix when inflated with fluid. The tube is configurable between an extended state and a retracted state. In the extended state, the tube is configured to be located at least in part outside the vagina to deliver fluid to inflate the inflatable portion. In the retracted state, the tube is configured to be located within the vagina.

Abstract: A method for producing a laryngoscope blade and a laryngoscope blade including a base blade and a tube which is arranged at least in part on an outer face of the base blade, extends approximately in a longitudinal direction of the base blade and is firmly connected to the base blade, wherein the tube, at its side facing toward the base blade, has at least in part a longitudinally extending corrugation which, with the outer face of the base blade, forms a longitudinally extending cavity, wherein the tube is connected to the base blade by a respective soldering seam in the lateral edge regions of the corrugation.

Abstract: A method for retracting tissue in a surgical procedure includes inserting a first blade of a retractor system into an incision in a body of a patient. The retractor system includes a first articulating arm and a second articulating arm. The first articulating arm is coupled to a retractor assembly blade. The retractor assembly blade has a handle portion and the first blade. The second articulating arm is coupled to a bracket securing a second blade. The method includes retracting tissue using the first blade, inserting the second blade into the incision in the body of the patient and retracting tissue using the second blade.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a retractor apparatus that includes a retractor frame, five arms attached to the retractor frame and five rods each attached to one of the five arms. Each rod includes a convex surface facing a center of the retractor frame. At least two of the five rods are movable independently from one another. A first rod of the five rods includes a longitudinal axis and is translatable along the longitudinal axis. Further, the first rod is attached to a first arm of the five arms and is pivotable relative to the first arm. The axis of pivot is offset from the longitudinal axis through which the first rod translates.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a trocar assembly having a proximal end and a distal end comprises an inner tubular member and an outer tubular member. The inner tubular member is formed with an opening at the proximal end and an opening at the distal end, the openings adapted to provide access for one or more surgical instruments during a surgical procedure. The outer tubular member is disposed about the inner tubular member, the outer tubular member being partitioned into at least a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein: the inner tubular member is separated from the outer tubular member by an inner wall; the first chamber is separated from the second chamber; and the first chamber and the second chamber are defined by the inner wall and an outer wall of the outer tubular member.

Abstract: A surgical device includes a plurality of cameras integrated therein. The view of each of the plurality of cameras can be integrated together. A surgical tool that includes an integrated camera may be used in conjunction with the surgical device. The image produced by the camera integrated with the surgical tool may be associated with the images generated by the plurality of cameras integrated in the surgical device. The position and orientation of the cameras and/or the surgical tool can be tracked, and the surgical tool can be rendered as at least partially transparent. A surgical device may be powered by a hydraulic system, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference with tracking devices.

Abstract: Guide tools for installation of fixation devices. At least one example embodiment includes: a delivery tube, the delivery tube defines a slot that runs from the distal end to the proximal end; a guide tube coupled to the delivery tube; and a handle coupled to the proximal end of the delivery tube and coupled to the proximal end of the guide tube. The handle may include a first channel into an interior of the delivery tube through the slot, and a receptacle in operational relationship to the delivery tube and the first channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for illumination of the periorbital exterior of the eye and the interior of the eye with a non-invasive (or non-penetrating), trans-corneal, trans-conjunctival, trans-scleral, non-incandescent, and/or low-temperature light source. In some examples a ring structure is configured to sit on a surface area of an eye, the ring structure having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the bottom surface is configured to touch the eye. A plurality of light-emitting elements is configured in the ring structure and a plurality of apertures is configured on the bottom surface of the ring structure, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements is aligned with the plurality of apertures.

Abstract: A surgical retractor for positioning within an incision within a body of a patient is described. The surgical retractor comprises a flexible air-impermeable bag surrounding an interior region and extending from a first end through a central region to a second end. The surgical retractor includes a first port in the central region, the flexible air-impermeable bag surrounding a first channel that extends from the first port towards the first end, a second port in the central region, the flexible air-impermeable bag surrounding a second channel that extends from the second port toward the second end, and a plurality of beads substantially filling the interior region of the flexible air-impermeable bag. The flexible air-impermeable bag is configured to rigidify in response to air being evacuated from the interior region to position and hold intra-incision contents within a surgical working space in a patient.

Abstract: A surgical retractor assembly for providing surgical exposure. The surgical retractor assembly consists of two frame segments connected by adjustable ratchet mechanisms to form a retractor frame. The ratchet mechanisms can be attached to tissue retractor blades that provide exposure of the wound when expanded, without the requirement of a direct connection/attachment to an operating table or bed frame. The tissue retractor blades are attached in a manner that is adjustable and facilitates the ability of the overall surgical retractor assembly to be raised or lowered with respect to the patient. The retractor frame also allows attachments of additional retractor blades or other surgical retractor accessories for additional surgical exposure.

Abstract: A surgical illumination apparatus comprises a fiber optic input, and illuminated surgical instrument, and an optical coupling bracket for coupling the fiber optic input to the illuminated surgical instrument. The coupling bracket comprises an elongate frame having a proximal end, a distal end, and a central channel extending therebetween, wherein the central channel is sized to receive and support optical fibers of the fiber optic input. The proximal end of the bracket is coupled to the fiber optic input, and the distal end of the bracket is coupled to an illumination element of the illuminated surgical instrument. The apparatus may further comprise a shroud disposed around the illumination element that is coupled to the bracket.

Abstract: The use of red or near infrared light upon neurons of the lumbar plexus that are in distress due to retraction-induced ischemia. The surgeon may protect nerves made ischemic in the surgery by: a) making an incision in a patient, b) inserting an access device into the patient through the incision to at least partially create a path to a spine of the patient, and c) irradiating nervous tissue adjacent the path with an amount of NIR or red light effective to provide neuroprotection.

Abstract: A retractor having a pair of blades is disclosed. A ring having an opening is attached to one end of the blades. The blades define a channel therebetween. The blades may be pivotally coupled to the ring. The retractor may have at least two conditions. In a first condition, the retractor is insertable through an incision in a patient's skin to an operative site. In a second condition, the retractor may be manipulated for retracting tissue surrounding the operative site. Instruments, prostheses, or tissue may be inserted or removed through the channel of the retractor.

Abstract: A method of using an apparatus to protect the tissues, muscles and nerves of the female pelvic floor from trauma during vaginal childbirth, the apparatus having a softly expansible intravaginal component and a support component with a handle attached to the intravaginal component, the method including deploying the intravaginal device into a vaginal canal and under a fetal head in the vaginal canal during vaginal childbirth, attaching the handle device to the central body, and delivering fluid through the handle device into the intravaginal device and inflating the intravaginal device with the fluid to deploy the wings on the intravaginal device from the stored configuration into the deployed configuration to provide support and stabilization to at least one from among a perineal, perianal, and anal region and preventing or mitigating the subsequent development of abnormal fistulous communications between the vagina and either the urinary bladder or the rectum or both.

Abstract: An illumination element such as an optical waveguide for illuminating a surgical field in a patient has a light input section, a light transmitting section, and a light output section. The light input section is optically coupled to a proximal section of the light transmitting section and inputs light into the illumination element. The light transmitting section transmits the light preferably by total internal reflection or by other transmission means. The light output section is adjacent a distal section of the light transmitting section which has a light extraction area from which the light exits with an energy density. The light extraction area is large enough to maintain the energy density at a level that prevents melting of the illumination element or burning of the patient, and the light extraction area has a profile that does not interfere with access to the surgical field.

Abstract: A medical retractor is capable of ensuring visibility in a field of operation and in the periphery of the field of operation while realizing the reduction of weight of the retractor compared to a conventional steel-made retractor. A medical retractor includes: a grip portion; and a resin functional portion made of a transparent resin and extending from the grip portion. The resin functional portion has: a trunk portion which has a proximal end thereof connected to the grip portion; and a hook-shaped portion extending in a hook shape from a distal end of the trunk portion. The resin functional portion is configured to allow the viewing of an affected part which opposedly faces a back surface of the resin functional portion from a front surface side in a see-through manner.

Abstract: A surgical retractor and method for retracting tissue in a patient is anatomically designed for particular muscles and includes a light source the light beam of which is positionable relative to the surgical retractor. The surgical retractor has a pair of retraction blades carried on separate retraction portions held open by ratchet assemblies. Blades are manually retracted and held open by automatically engaging ratchet fingers and are designed to match muscle curvature, minimizing various risks and incision size. The first retraction portion carries the first blade and includes tines each with ratchet grooves, while the second retraction portion carries the second blade on a carriage that is movably carried on the tines. Resilient spring actuated fingers associated with the carriage has ratchet grooves that co-act with the ratchet grooves of the tines to provide the ratchet assemblies between the retraction portions that regulates movement of the carriage and the second blade relative to the first blade.

Abstract: An air gap retractor illumination system includes any suitable retractor such as a McCulloch with a channel in the blade to accommodate an air gap illuminator. The illuminator is preferably made from a suitable light conducting plastic material such as acrylic or polycarbonate or silicone. The illuminator has active portions in which light passes and inactive or dead zones in which light does not pass as a result of the configuration and orientation of the input, output and surfaces of the illuminator. The illuminator is formed to have an air gap surrounding any active portion of the illuminator extending from the light input to the light output portion. The dead zones may include elements to allow the illuminator to securely engage the retractor.

Abstract: A blade insert illumination system includes one or more illumination elements composed of a transparent or semitransparent polymer that is preferably biocompatible and sterilizable. The illumination elements operate as a waveguide and may incorporate optical components such as, for example, facets, lenses, gratings, prisms and or diffusers to operate as precision optics for customized delivery of the light energy. The illumination elements may be modular, allowing components to be mixed and matched for different sizes of blade retractors, or may be a single integrated unit.

Abstract: An air gap retractor illumination system includes any suitable retractor such as a McCulloch with a channel in the blade to accommodate an air gap illuminator. The illuminator is preferably made from a suitable light conducting plastic material such as acrylic or polycarbonate or silicone. The illuminator has active portions in which light passes and inactive or dead zones in which light does not pass as a result of the configuration and orientation of the input, output and surfaces of the illuminator. The illuminator is formed to have an air gap surrounding any active portion of the illuminator extending from the light input to the light output portion. The dead zones may include elements to allow the illuminator to securely engage the retractor.

Abstract: A surgical access system for providing access to a surgical site in a patient includes a surgical access device defining a port and a light emitter coupled to the surgical access device for illuminating the port. The light emitter preferably comprises an elongated shaft having a light transmitting element housed therein, which emits light transmitted to the elongated shaft from a light source. The elongated shaft is configured to be inserted in an elongated channel in the access device. The elongated channel has or forms a window for transmitting light emitted by the light emitter into the interior of the access device.

Abstract: An illumination system includes an arthroscope, endoscope or other suitable surgical tool and an attachable cannula comprising a transparent or semi-transparent material capable of carrying light from the proximal end of the cannula to the distal end of the cannula, thereby illuminating the surgical field. The surgical field is thus illuminated through components that do not occupy space that may otherwise be used for the optics of the arthroscope. The arthroscopic illumination system further comprises one or more illumination sources disposed at the proximal end of the cannula. The illumination source may be optically coupled with the cannula at the hub or other appropriate location. The cannula comprises a sterilizable polymer which functions as a waveguide. A waveguide is a material medium that confines and guides light. When in use, the light source connected to the hub provides light which may be guided to the distal end of the cannula or any other suitable location.

Abstract: A minimally invasive dilation device includes a plurality of rigid arms radially arrayed about a center and a dilating member positioned between the arms. A stylus may occupy the center. An outer flexible sleeve may be circumferentially secured to the arms, lying within or without the plurality of arms. An inner mesh may surround the stylus and dilating member. The device may be introduced into tissue toward a targeted area, while in a closed configuration. The dilating member may be a balloon, wherein upon inflation of the balloon, the arms are pushed radially outward, expanding the device and dilating the surrounding tissue. The dilating member may be a tube, wherein upon insertion of the tube, the arms are pushed radially outward. A cannula may be inserted inside the plurality of arms to keep the arms in an open configuration, and the dilating member may be withdrawn, providing an open passageway through the device to the targeted area. The device may be used with a neural monitoring system.

Abstract: A device forming a combination ophthalmoscope and otoscope, having a housing (4) supporting a light source (10) and a plurality of lenses (8, 9), the light source (10) defining an illumination light path (14) which illuminates in use a region of interest (15), the housing having an aperture (12) defining a viewing light path (13) along which the region of interest (15) can be viewed, the lenses (8, 9) being mounted on a support (1) relative to the housing (4) so as to be moveable relative to the housing (1) so as to allow selection of a lens from the plurality of lenses (8, 9) to be disposed in the viewing light path, and in which the plurality of lenses form an ophthalmoscopy set (8) comprising at least one ophthalmoscopy lens and an otoscopy set (9) comprising at least one otoscopy lens.

Abstract: An illumination element such as an optical waveguide for illuminating a surgical field in a patient has a light input section, a light transmitting section, and a light output section. The light input section is optically coupled to a proximal section of the light transmitting section and inputs light into the illumination element. The light transmitting section transmits the light preferably by total internal reflection or by other transmission means. The light output section is adjacent a distal section of the light transmitting section which has a light extraction area from which the light exits with an energy density. The light extraction area is large enough to maintain the energy density at a level that prevents melting of the illumination element or burning of the patient, and the light extraction area has a profile that does not interfere with access to the surgical field.

Abstract: A blade insert illumination system includes one or more illumination elements composed of a transparent or semitransparent polymer that is preferably biocompatible and sterilizable. The illumination elements operate as a waveguide and may incorporate optical components such as, for example, facets, lenses, gratings, prisms and or diffusers to operate as precision optics for customized delivery of the light energy. The illumination elements may be modular, allowing components to be mixed and matched for different sizes of blade retractors, or may be a single integrated unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for the efficient provision of directed illumination to a subdermal surgical field that is attachable to or completely forms a surgical retractor blade.

Abstract: A laryngoscope handle for use with a fiber optic laryngoscope blade having fiber optics includes a laryngoscope handle body configured to be gripped by a handle of a user; one or more power sources carried by the handle body; a light source assembly carried by the handle body and powered by the one or more power sources; a connection section for mechanically connecting the fiber optic laryngoscope blade to the laryngoscope handle and optically coupling the light source assembly in the laryngoscope handle to the fiber optics of the fiber optic laryngoscope blade, wherein the light source assembly includes at least two different types of light sources and a light mixing chamber where light emitted from the two different types of light sources mix to create a combined, mixed light that is transmitted to the fiber optics of the fiber optic laryngoscope blade for emission there from.

Abstract: A device for accessing the intra-thoracic space without the need for a thoracotomy or sternotomy includes a cannula having a shaft positionable through a supra-sternal incision into a retrosternal space and a stabilization system for supporting the cannula in a fixed position. The cannula includes illumination features used to illuminate the retrosternal space, giving clear, direct visualization of the retrosternal space during dissection to, and performance of procedures at, the surgical site.

Abstract: A surgical retractor has a shaft with an integral blade. The shaft and the blade are joined at an angle. The blade has an upper surface. A plurality of LED lights are embedded within the blade and are exposed at the upper surface. The blade surrounding the LED lights is opaque. The retractor may further include a camera mounted on the blade. Also disclosed is a surgical retractor kit including a mounting ring, at least one of the aforementioned surgical retractors, and a coupler for releaseably mounting the retractor to the ring.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes an electrochemical sensor embedded in a polymeric material configured for mounting to a surface of an eye. The electrochemical sensor applies a stabilization voltage between a working electrode and a reference electrode to allow the amperometric current to stabilize before powering measurement electronics configured to measure the amperometric current and communicate the measured amperometric current. The electrochemical sensor consumes less power while applying the stabilization voltage than during the measurement. The measurement is initiated in response to receiving a measurement signal at an antenna in the eye-mountable device.

Abstract: A blade insert illumination system includes one or more illumination elements composed of a transparent or semitransparent polymer that is preferably biocompatible and sterilizable. The illumination elements operate as a waveguide and may incorporate optical components such as, for example, facets, lenses, gratings, prisms and or diffusers to operate as precision optics for customized delivery of the light energy. The illumination elements may be modular, allowing components to be mixed and matched for different sizes of blade retractors, or may be a single integrated unit.

Abstract: A surgical clip for illuminating tissue in a surgical field has first and second elongate arms and a connector joining the arms together. The arms are biased to expand laterally outward into an expanded configuration in which the arms engage the tissue in the surgical field with enough force to seat the clip without retracting the tissue. A waveguide illuminator is coupled to the first arm, and has a light input portion, a light output portion, and a light conducting portion extending between the light input portion and the light output portion. Light passes through the waveguide illuminator by total internal reflection, and the waveguide illuminator directs light to the tissue. Methods of using the illuminated clip are also disclosed.

Abstract: A surgical retractor that comprises an integrated light source for creating a working space for the access of dissecting instruments employed during an open surgical procedure is described. The retractor is of the type that comprises two elongated arms mechanically connected by a pivot that allows the retractor to move between a closed and an open configuration. The described retractors further comprise adjustable paddle assemblies located at the distal end of the elongated arms and a unique locking mechanism that allows for the relative separation of the paddle assemblies to be set at any position between the closed and open configuration of the retractor. The design of the retractor provides them with increased functionality while allowing them to be cost effectively produced so that they can simply be disposed of after use.

Abstract: A surgical retractor includes a retractor blade and a gripping element releasably coupled to the retractor blade. The gripping element has a textured surface for engaging and gripping tissue. The gripping element may be released from the retractor blade intraoperatively. The surgical retractor may also have an optical illumination element such as an optical waveguide that is magnetically and releasably coupled to the retractor.

Abstract: Medical retractors including light guides made of cyclo olefin polymer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and devices for surgically manipulating tissue. In general, the methods and devices can include an elongate retractor shaft having a distal retractor tip that is configured to manipulate tissue, for example the tip can be configured to separate muscle and nerve fibers surrounding a vertebra. The elongate retractor shaft can include an illumination source such that at least a portion of the surgical field is illuminated by the device when the device is used in the body. A sensor can also or alternatively be included on the elongate retractor shaft, for example on the blunt retraction tip, such that the sensor can monitor physiological parameters of the tissue in or adjacent to the surgical field.

Abstract: A tool introducer is configured for introduction in an elongated body including a straight tube, wherein the tube encloses a tube lumen opened at its distal end with a tube opening. The tool introducer includes locking means to selectively lock or unlock an interchangeable surgical tool to the tube from displacing axially and/or rotationally in the tube lumen, the locking means being configured such that, at the locking, a tool connector of the tool projects towards the tube opening and is distanced therefrom by at least 3 cm. A method includes positioning the surgical tool introducer such that a distal portion thereof projects in a body cavity, manipulating and/or extending the tool introducer to reach and engage an elongated shaft introduced percutaneously into the body cavity; and inserting the elongated shaft into the tube lumen via the tube opening and connecting the tool to the elongated shaft.

Abstract: A medical surgical device for coloproctological pathologies comprises a tubular body (2), provided with a first end (5), which can be inserted into the anal cavity, and a second end (6), opposite the first end (5) and connected to a handle (7) for maneuvering the tubular body (2) inside the anal cavity. A light source (8) for illuminating the inside of the tubular body (2) can be removably connected to the tubular body (2). Downstream of the light source (8) is located an entraining body (10) for entraining a portion of the light emitted by the light source (8) toward the inserting end (5). The entraining body (10) comprises a thickening (11) on the internal wall (3).

Abstract: A surgical instrument for illuminating a surgical field has an optical waveguide for transmitting light by total internal reflection. One or more control elements are disposed on the optical waveguide. The control elements extract light from the optical waveguide and control first and second optical properties of the extracted light. Another surgical instrument includes a first and second optical waveguide for transmitting light by total internal reflection. A coupling element is attached to both optical waveguides such that the optical waveguides are movable and pivotable relative to one another.

Abstract: A surgical access system includes an access device having a tubular shape and a channel extending through the device that is sized to receive a surgical instrument. The outer surface of the device defines a support section and access section having an aperture extending through the wall of the device. The aperture has a wider distal portion and a narrower proximal portion and the surgical instrument may be inserted through the aperture. The access device simultaneously retracts soft tissue and distracts bone when inserted into the surgical site while allowing a surgeon access to the surgical site.

Abstract: The present invention comprises devices and methods that, in certain embodiments, provide a lighted cup, ring or cap that comprises a customizable size and fit, for use in hysterectomy procedures, whereby the ring or cup engages the vaginal fornix and is covered by the vaginal cervical tissue. The lighting allows the surgeon to visualize the location of the lighted cup, ring or cap, thereby quickly and accurately identifying the incision site while providing protection of the associated vasculature and the ureters.

Abstract: An apparatus for the efficient provision of directed illumination to a subdermal surgical field that is attachable to or completely forms a surgical retractor blade.

Abstract: A device for removing a cerclage suture has a shaft sized and shaped to extend from a proximal end outside a vagina to a distal end near a cervix. The shaft also has a blunt end located at the distal end of the shaft and having a taper for allowing the blunt end to pass between a cerclage suture and cervical mucosa without cutting the mucosa and to move the suture away from the mucosa. The device includes a cutter having at least one blade at the distal end of the shaft. The cutter may be movable between an open non-cutting position and a closed cutting position for cutting the suture. Alternatively, the cutter may include one or more stationary blades. The device also may include a handle at the proximal end of the shaft that may comprise an actuator or may comprise a cylindrical or another suitable shape.

Abstract: A surgical retractor includes an outer ring unit, a tubular retraction membrane made of a resilient material and including an inner surface defining a passageway, and a lighting unit. The tubular retraction membrane has an outer tubular end connected to the outer ring unit and rollable about the outer ring unit. The lighting unit is connected to an inner tubular end of the retraction membrane and includes a light-emitting ring, and a heat-dissipation ring in contact with the light-emitting ring.

Abstract: An apparatus for the efficient provision of directed illumination to a subdermal surgical field that is attachable to or completely forms a surgical retractor blade.

Abstract: Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

Abstract: Medical retractors including light guides made of cyclo olefin polymer.

Abstract: A rotational stabilizing locking apparatus for a surgical retractor is disclosed. The, rotational stabilizing locking apparatus may be a locking cap that includes a central body having a surgical aperture extending from a first side of the central body to a second opposed side of the central body. The central body may include an attachment arm extending away from the surgical aperture. Also, a first interfacing prong may extend from the first side of the central body. The first interfacing prong may include a first light source guide element along an extent of the first interfacing prong. Additionally, the locking cap may be applied to an inner arcuate blade nested inside an outer arcuate blade having a coupling aperture. The inner arcuate blade may include a prong slot for receiving the first interfacing prong. Also, a coupling tab of the inner arcuate blade may be disposed within the coupling aperture.