Abstract: Filtering cassettes, filtering systems, and methods for using the same are disclosed. An example filtering cassette may include a cassette housing. An inlet may be coupled to the cassette housing. The inlet may be configured to receive cerebrospinal fluid from a catheter. An outlet may be coupled to the cassette housing. The outlet may be configured to direct filtered cerebrospinal fluid to the catheter. One or more filters may be disposed within the cassette housing. An arcuate surface may be defined along a periphery of the cassette housing. The arcuate surface may be configured to engage a controller assembly when the cassette housing is mounted to the controller assembly.

Abstract: A wound dressing includes a patient interface layer, a wicking layer, an absorbent layer, and a cover layer. The patient interface layer is configured to engage a wound bed and has a first side and a second side, the second side configured to face the wound bed. The wicking layer, absorbent layer, and cover layer all also have a first side and a second side. A perimeter of the first side of the wicking layer is adhered to the second side of the cover layer, forming an adhesive border surrounding the wicking layer and the absorbent layer, and the wicking layer is configured to peripherally wick perspiration from underneath the adhesive border towards the center of the wicking layer and upwards towards the absorbent layer.

Abstract: This disclosure includes wound dressings and systems with remote oxygen generation for topical wound therapy and related methods.

Abstract: A method of method of manufacturing a surgical waste collection manifold with a volume collected datum and a rover type to ensure compatibility with a surgical waste collection rover is provided. The surgical waste collection rover including a vacuum pump and a receiver defining an opening. The method includes obtaining a second manifold. The second manifold having a second housing defining a surface, the housing defining a second manifold volume and a second outlet opening in fluid communication with the second manifold volume. The method may further include coupling a second circuit to the surface of the second manifold, the second circuit comprising a second memory device including a third memory bank and a fourth memory bank, the third memory bank including a fifth memory field and the fourth memory bank including a sixth memory field.

Abstract: A reduced-pressure treatment system for applying reduced pressure to a tissue site at a limited-access location on a patient includes a reduced-pressure source, a treatment manifold for placing proximate the tissue site and operable to distribute reduced pressure to the tissue site, and a sealing member for placing over the tissue site and operable to form a pneumatic seal over the tissue site. The reduced-pressure treatment system also includes a reduced-pressure bridge and a moisture-removing device on at least portion of the reduced-pressure bridge. The reduced-pressure bridge includes a delivery manifold operable to transfer the reduced pressure to the treatment manifold, an encapsulating envelope at least partially enclosing the delivery manifold and having a patient-facing side, and a reduced-pressure-interface site formed proximate one end of the reduced-pressure bridge.

Abstract: A medical infusion device including a chamber characterized by an upper body joined to a lower body via a reversibly collapsible sidewall. The upper body has a first channel fluidly coupled to a needle and a second channel fluidly coupled to an interior of the chamber. The chamber transitions from a collapsed state to the expanded state to retract the needle by introducing fluid into the interior of the chamber through the second channel.

Abstract: Dressings for use in negative pressure therapy and methods of making the dressings are provided herein. The dressings may comprise at least two layers in a stacked configuration. The first layer may comprise a manifold layer and the second layer may comprise a silicone gel layer. The second layer may have perforations to form fluid restrictions that can open and close when used in negative pressure therapy. The perforated second layer may be formed by a first and a second curing step.

Abstract: A urinary collection device includes an outer surface and a generally fluid-permeable core that communicates fluidically with an aspiration tube. The outer surface includes an obverse opening to allow urine to flow into the fluid-permeable core when the device is positioned supralabially. On the reverse may be an actuatable fastener configured to retain the device in a reverse-folded intralabial position. In this manner the device may be placed supralabially or intralabially for urine collection as appropriate. The core may include a first knit fabric layer and a second knit fabric layer joined by a plurality of fibers, the fibers being oriented generally to extend from an obverse to a reverse position to thereby result in flow channels through the core.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to negative pressure treatment systems and wound dressing systems, apparatuses, and methods that may be used for the treatment of wounds. In particular, some embodiments are directed to improved wound dressings comprising a bridge portion connecting two or more portions of an absorbent layer that facilitates trimming of the wound dressing to suitable sizes. Some embodiments provide for trimming the dressing in a gap between two or more portions of an absorbent layer and sealing the exposed portion of dressing after trimming when the dressing is applied to skin surrounding a wound.

Abstract: A storage bag includes first and second side surfaces that form an interior of the bag with an opening to the interior. A first closure profile connected to the first side surface and positioned adjacent to the opening has a top edge and includes an interlocking member that extends between first and second sides of the first closure profile forms a lip between the interlocking member and the top edge. A second closure profile connected to the second side surface and positioned adjacent to the opening of the bag has a top edge and includes an interlocking member. A first portion of the lip of the second closure profile smoothly transitions into a third portion of the lip of the second closure profile, and the third portion of the lip of the second closure profile smoothly transitions into a second portion of the lip of the second closure profile.

Abstract: A method for arthrotomy closure includes using a first sutured needle to form a first series of parallel stitches from a caudal end of the arthrotomy incision to a first point spaced from the cephalad end of the arthrotomy incision, using a second sutured needle to form a second series of parallel stitches from a cephalad end of the arthrotomy incision to the caudal end of the arthrotomy incision. The second series of stitches intersect the first series of stitches at a 45 degree angle after passing the first point. After the second series of stitches is formed, the first sutured needle is used to form a third series of stitches from the first point to the cephalad end of the arthrotomy incision. The third series of stitches are parallel to the first series of stitches and intersect the second series of stitches at a 45 degree angle.

Abstract: A urinary collection device includes an outer surface and a generally fluid-permeable core that communicates fluidically with an aspiration tube. The outer surface includes an obverse opening to allow urine to flow into the fluid-permeable core when the device is positioned supralabially. On the reverse may be an actuatable fastener configured to retain the device in a reverse-folded intralabial position. In this manner the device may be placed supralabially or intralabially for urine collection as appropriate. The core may include a first knit fabric layer and a second knit fabric layer joined by a plurality of fibers, the fibers being oriented generally to extend from an obverse to a reverse position to thereby result in flow channels through the core.

Abstract: Dressings for tissue treatment with negative pressure and methods of using the dressings for tissue treatment with negative pressure, which may comprise a dressing having at least three layers assembled in a stacked relationship. The first layer may comprise or consist essentially of a polymer film having a plurality of fluid restrictions that are normally unstrained or closed. The second layer may comprise a manifold, and the third layer may comprise or consist essentially of a polymer drape. A fourth layer, which may be coupled to the first layer opposite the second layer, may comprise or consist essentially of a silicone gel having a plurality of apertures. In some examples, the plurality of apertures in the fourth layer may be registered with the fluid restrictions of the first layer.

Abstract: An indicator configured to be attached to a wound dressing includes first and second parts. The wound dressing is configured to collapse in response to an applied negative pressure. The first and second indicator parts are configured to move relative to one another as the wound dressing is collapsed. The movement of the first and second indicator parts is configured to allow a user to easily visualize the compression of the wound dressing and monitor the application of the negative pressure to the wound dressing. A marker is provided along a top surface of the first part and a window is formed on the second part. The changes in the portion of the marker that is visible in the window as the first part is slid into or under the second part are configured to provide for easier detection of the collapse of the wound dressing by the user.

Abstract: Dressings for tissue treatment with negative pressure and methods of using the dressings for tissue treatment with negative pressure, which may comprise a dressing having at least three layers assembled in a stacked relationship. The first layer may comprise or consist essentially of a polymer film having a plurality of fluid restrictions that are normally unstrained or closed. The second layer may comprise a manifold, and the third layer may comprise or consist essentially of a polymer drape. A fourth layer, which may be coupled to the first layer opposite the second layer, may comprise or consist essentially of a silicone gel having a plurality of apertures. In some examples, the plurality of apertures in the fourth layer may be registered with the fluid restrictions of the first layer.

Abstract: A dual-chamber syringe may include an end wall and a primary plunger. The primary plunger may include a primary stopper. The primary stopper may form a primary chamber with the end wall. A secondary plunger may be in mechanical association with the primary plunger. The secondary plunger may include a secondary stopper. The secondary stopper may form a secondary chamber with the primary stopper. A primary nozzle may extend from the end wall and may be in fluid communication with the primary chamber. A secondary nozzle may extend from the end wall and may be in fluid communication with the secondary chamber.

Abstract: An implantable intracranial pulse pressure modulator for treating hydrocephalus in patients of all ages is disclosed as well as a system and method for use of the same. In one embodiment of the implantable intracranial pulse pressure modulator, two one-way valves are interposed in parallel, opposing orientations between a vestibule and a chamber. One of the one-way valves, in response to systole, provides fluid communication from the vestibule to the chamber such that a small aliquot of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is displaced from a cerebral ventricle into a ventricular catheter, thereby reducing intraventricular systolic pressure. The other one-way valve, in response to diastole, provides fluid communication from the chamber to the vestibule such that the same volume of CSF is reintroduced into a cerebral ventricle, thereby increasing intraventricular diastolic pressure. Together, both processes work synergistically to reduce intraventricular pulse pressure in order to treat hydrocephalus.

Abstract: A collection bag for specimen retrieval includes an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface includes pouches that prevent fluid from migrating out of the collection bag. The collection bag can be selectively coupled to an end effector of a specimen retrieval device. The pouches may be arranged in one or more rows about the inner surface of the collection bag. The pouches can be inverted so that pockets of the pouches open toward a bottom end portion of the collection bag.

Abstract: A micro-needle array unit includes a micro-needle array; a container which accommodates the micro-needle array and includes an accommodating portion having an opening and a protrusion that supports the outer peripheral surface of the micro-needle array, a deformation portion disposed on a side opposite to the opening and integrated with the accommodating portion, and a flange portion integrated with the accommodating portion and brought into contact with the skin; and a lid which seals the opening of the container, in which the deformation portion is deformed and the other surface of the micro-needle array is pressed due to an external force being applied in a direction of the opening, the micro-needle array deforms the protrusions and is pushed to the outside from the accommodating portion by the pressing of the other surface of the micro-needle array, and the deformation portion maintains the deformed state and presses the micro-needle array.

Abstract: A portable system for subatmospheric pressure therapy in connection with healing a surgical wound, includes a wound dressing dimensioned for positioning relative to a wound bed of a subject, a portable subatmospheric pressure mechanism dimensioned to be carried or worn by the subject and a container for collecting exudates from the wound bed removed under the subatmospheric pressure supplied by the subatmospheric pressure mechanism. The portable subatmospheric pressure mechanism includes a housing, a subatmospheric pressure source disposed within the housing and in fluid communication with the wound dressing to supply subatmospheric pressure to the wound dressing and a power source mounted to or within the housing for supplying power to actuate the subatmospheric pressure source.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to the treatment of wounds using negative pressure. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide for a hydrophilic drainage layer, which may be suitable for use in abdominal wound sites, and which may be sized in a dimensionally-independent manner. Additional embodiments provide for an organ protection layer, as well as a system for the treatment of abdominal wounds.

Abstract: In various exemplary embodiments, the present technology is directed to systems and methods for predictive environmental fall risk identification for a user.

Abstract: A tissue retraction system that allows aeration in a skinfold of a patient needing medical attention may include a flexible frame having a defined body shape comprising an internal facing surface configured to face a crease in the skinfold, an external facing surface opposite the internal facing surface configured to face outwardly and away from the patient, a first tissue facing surface, and a second tissue facing surface opposing the first tissue facing surface. Each of the first and the second tissue facing surfaces may be configured to engage against opposing sides of the skinfold.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to drainage bag systems (e.g., catheterization and urine drainage bag systems) including at least one indicator element that may indicate that one or more patient care protocols were performed. For example, the drainage bag system includes a drainage bag including at least one indicator element (e.g., calendar, checklist, combinations thereof, etc.) configured to provide information indicating that the one or more patient care protocols were performed, such as verifying compliance with the one or more patient care protocols.

Abstract: A portable system for subatmospheric pressure therapy in connection with healing a surgical wound, including a wound dressing dimensioned for positioning relative to a wound bed of a subject and a subatmospheric pressure mechanism dimensioned to be carried or worn by the subject. The subatmospheric pressure mechanism includes a housing having a control unit adapted to draw a vacuum and a canister associated with the housing. The canister has a collection bag disposed therein, which is in fluid communication with the wound dressing to receive exudates from the wound bed. The collection bag is adapted to expand upon receipt of the fluids and has means to release gas from within the collection bag in connection with operation of the control unit. With this arrangement, the canister is attitude independent, i.e., the canister may be positioned on edge, on its side or on its end etc. while still maintaining operation of the control unit.

Abstract: Menstrual cups and methods of use are described herein. An example menstrual cup may include a rim having at least one lip that extends about the rim and a receptacle defining a textured pattern. The textured pattern may include various lines and/or shapes. An example menstrual cup may be comprised of silicone or a similar material and can be worn during sexual intercourse.

Abstract: Menstrual cups and methods of use are described herein. An example menstrual cup may include a rim having at least one lip that extends about the rim and a receptacle defining a textured pattern. The textured pattern may include various lines and/or shapes. An example menstrual cup may be comprised of silicone or a similar material and can be worn during sexual intercourse.

Abstract: An ostomy appliance comprising a body side member (20) for attachment to a skin surface of a user. The body side member includes a backing layer (22), an adhesive layer (24), and at least one release liner (38). The release liner is at least partly embossed (40) to form interconnected cavities (42) between the release liner and the adhesive surface. When fluid is distributed into the cavities, the adhesive surface is wetted.

Abstract: A pathogen-catching bag system includes a pathogen-catching bag assembly having a bag body formed from a flexible material and including a top edge having an opening therethrough, a bottom-edge, a left-edge, a right-edge, an exterior surface, an inner surface having a pathogen neutralizing lining, an inner-volume, and a nozzle portion connected to the top edge and opening and is adapted to fit snugly around a user's nose and mouth forming an air-tight seal. The pathogen-catching bag system permits the user to keep the sneeze confined to the pathogen-catching bag assembly thereby preventing transmittal of the pathogens into ambient-air thereby lowering transmission of colds and other viruses transmitted by sneezing to public areas.

Abstract: A device for collecting urine discharged from a body of a user includes a fluid collection assembly having at least one layer for drawing urine discharged from the body into an interior cavity, an external covering that covers a portion of the at least one layer, and at least one fenestration for receiving urine, wherein the fenestration is a portion of the fluid collection assembly that is uncovered by the external covering. The device further includes a cap enclosing a first end of the assembly, a tube having a first end in fluid communication with the cap, and a shape retaining element configured to conform the assembly to a curved configuration and maintain the curved configuration until the configuration is adjusted. The assembly is configured to be disposed against the body of the user, with the at least one fenestration in operative relation with a urethral opening of the user.

Abstract: The present application relates to a device for treating skin using non-thermal plasma. It comprises a housing having a skin interface electrode for application to skin during treatment, a generator for generating non-thermal plasma at the skin interface electrode; and an isolating element to isolate a region surrounding said skin interface electrode other than during treatment so that non-thermal plasma generated at the skin interface electrode within said region sterilises the skin interface electrode.

Abstract: A surface-wound healing dressing for a wound or incision includes a slip drain located within the closed wound or incision. A wick is placed over the closed wound or incision in contact with the slip drain. A mat is placed over the wick and adapted for fluidic communication therewith. A recoil core includes a foam material and is adapted for placement on the mat. A wound healing method includes the steps of placing a slip drain, placing a wick over the slip drain, placing a recoil core over the wick and covering the recoil core with an overdrape. The overdrape is adapted for connection to an external negative pressure source, such as a vacuum.

Abstract: The illustrative embodiments described herein are directed to an apparatus, system, and method for storing liquid from a tissue site. The apparatus may include a drape having an aperture, and a fluid pouch coupled to the drape such that the fluid pouch is in fluid communication with the aperture. In one embodiment, the fluid pouch is operable to transfer reduced pressure to the aperture such that the liquid from the tissue site is drawn into the fluid pouch. The fluid pouch may have a cavity that stores the liquid that is drawn from the tissue site. In another embodiment, the fluid pouch may include at least one baffle. The fluid pouch may also include a fluid channel at least partially defined by the at least one baffle. The fluid channel may be operable to store liquid from the tissue site when reduced pressure is applied through the fluid channel.

Abstract: Dressings, systems, and methods are disclosed, in some embodiments, that involve treating a tissue site with reduced pressure. In one embodiment, a reduced-pressure dressing may include a dressing bolster, a retention pouch, and a sealing member. The dressing bolster may be adapted to apply a compressive force to the tissue site capable of closing a wound or incision therein. The retention pouch may be adapted to retain and manage fluid extracted from the tissue site to keep the tissue site substantially free of fluid and to prevent clogging of the reduced-pressure dressing. The sealing member may provide a seal over the retention pouch, the dressing bolster, and a portion of the epidermis of the patient. Other dressings, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A canister lid (100) for a canister (500) includes an annular perimeter (101) surrounding an interior portion (102). Rather than completely surrounding the interior portion, the annular perimeter is instead interrupted by a suction conduit (103) defined by a suction duct (104) separating a first lobe (105) and a second lobe (106). The suction duct (104) intersects the annular perimeter such that the first lobe is disposed interior of the annular perimeter while the second lobe is disposed exterior to the annular perimeter. The canister lid can further include one or more ports (110,111) extending from the interior portion.

Abstract: A porous conduit may be suitable for use in treating a tissue site, and may include a central lumen and a porous wall positioned substantially concentric about the central lumen. The porous wall may have an open porous structure that may define a plurality of interconnected pores in fluid communication with one another. As part of a system, the porous conduit may be used with a manifold adapted to be positioned at a tissue site, a sealing drape adapted to cover the manifold to provide a sealed space relative to the tissue site, and a therapy device including a reduced-pressure source. The porous conduit may be disposed in the sealed space and in fluid communication between the sealed space and the reduced-pressure source.

Abstract: Provided is a simple light irradiation apparatus capable of performing uniform irradiation even on to a treatment area having a curved surface and capable of suppressing excessive heating caused by light irradiation. The light irradiation apparatus (10) includes a polymer gel layer (3) that covers the treatment area (2) on skin (1), an LED protective layer (6) that closely adheres to the polymer gel layer (3), and a substrate (5) on which LEDs (4) closely adhered to the LED protective layer (6) are arranged thereon. A current control apparatus (8) which lights the LEDs (4) controls irradiation intensity and stops irradiation when reaching a demanded dose amount.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid-connection device for connecting a first wall defining a first fluid space, in the form of a flexible pipe, to a second wall defining a second fluid space, in the form of a flexible or rigid disposable pipe or enclosure, in a biopharmaceutical assembly, including a first connector in fluid communication with the first space, the first connector including a tubular nozzle for receiving the pipe by insertion along the axis A, a pipe clamp arranged around the end of the pipe in order to clamp the pipe onto the tubular nozzle of the first connector, a protective cover forming a separate part, capable of being snap-fit in an operative position in which the cover is at least partially surrounding the first connector and the pipe clamp thereof, by way of which the pipe clamp cannot come into direct contact with external elements.

Abstract: The present specification provides a reservoir bag for containing a dialysate during a dialysis treatment. The bag has four walls and a membrane extending from a first wall to a second opposing wall which divides the bag into a first and a second sub-reservoir having changeable volumes. The maximum volume of each sub-reservoir is between 80 to 100% of the entire volume of the bag. The bag further includes at least an inlet and an outlet positioned in at least one of the walls for enabling fluid entry into and exit out of the first sub-reservoir and at least an inlet and an outlet positioned in at least one of the walls for enabling fluid entry into and exit out of the second sub-reservoir.

Abstract: Inline storage pouches and systems for receiving and retaining body fluids from an animal are presented. The inline storage pouch include a flexible pouch body has an interior portion with a fluid storage material disposed within the interior portion. In addition to receiving body fluids, the inline storage pouch may fluidly couple a pressure sensing conduit between a first port and a second port using a first bypass conduit. The first port may be a patient-port interface. The second port may be a device-port interface. Multiple sensors and bypass conduits may be included and associated with a microprocessor that is configured to locate blockages or determine when the inline storage pouch is full. Another inline storage pouch has two chambers and receives and discharges fluids from a pouch connector. Other pouches, systems, and methods are presented herein.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling fluid movement and volumes of fluid between a subject and a controlled compliant flow path. The controlled compliant flow path has a means for selectively metering in and metering out fluid from the controlled compliant flow path. An extracorporeal flow path is in fluid communication with the controlled compliant flow path across a semi-permeable membrane where the extracorporeal flow path has a first terminal end and a second terminal end.

Abstract: Ureteral or bladder catheters are provided, including (a) a proximal portion; and (b) a distal portion, the distal portion including a retention portion that includes one or more protected drainage holes, ports or perforations and is configured to establish an outer periphery or protective surface area that inhibits mucosal tissue from occluding the one or more protected drainage holes, ports or perforations upon application of negative pressure through the catheter. Systems, kits and methods for inducing negative pressure to increase renal function also are provided.

Abstract: Ureteral or bladder catheters are provided, including (a) a proximal portion; and (b) a distal portion, the distal portion including a retention portion that includes one or more protected drainage holes, ports or perforations and is configured to establish an outer periphery or protective surface area that inhibits mucosal tissue from occluding the one or more protected drainage holes, ports or perforations upon application of negative pressure through the catheter. Systems, kits and methods for inducing negative pressure to increase renal function also are provided.

Abstract: A container is provided that includes a top cover, a bottom cover, a body portion configured to engage the top cover and the bottom cover to substantially enclose an internal space defined by the body portion, wherein the body portion includes an intermediate wall that divides the internal space into a first compartment and a second compartment, and a spittoon disposed within the second compartment.

Abstract: A reduced pressure tissue treatment system includes an applicator having an aperture, a first pad section, and a second pad section substantially covering the aperture and positioned substantially adjacent the first pad section. A fabric layer is located at least partially between the second pad section and the drape, and the fabric layer includes a woven or non-woven fabric made from a fiber material. A drape substantially covers the first pad section, the second pad section, the fabric layer, and the applicator. A reduced pressure source is in fluid communication with at least one of the first pad section and the fabric layer for providing reduced pressure to the aperture.

Abstract: A system (1) to divide liposuction fat into aliquots, comprising taking means (2, 3) to take from a container a quantity of adipose material, made available by means of liposuction, and to preserve sealed the quantity taken, the system (1) also comprising at least a separation syringe (4) able to be put in communication with said taking means (2, 3), and able to contain at least a portion of said quantity, the separation syringe (4) being provided so as to separate, by gravity, the fat from the aqueous fluids composing the adipose material, first connection means (5) to put in sealed communication the taking means (2, 3) with the separation syringe (4), at least a rejection container (6), able to be put in communication with the separation syringe (4) so as to receive the aqueous fluids, following their ejection from the separation syringe (4), at least a syringe device (7, 8) able to be put in sealed communication with the separation syringe (4) so as to receive an aliquot of fat, following its ejection from

Abstract: Disclosed is a colonic irrigator capable of cleansing the inside of the large intestine and removing impacted feces remaining inside the large intestine by spraying a cleansing solution into the large intestine. The colonic irrigator includes a cleansing body 10 having a laid down egg shape, having a spray hole 12 formed at a lifted portion 11 provided on the upper part thereof and having a cleansing solution channel 13 formed therein to communicate with the spray hole 12, and a connector 20 which has a screw part 21 formed at one side thereof so as to be connected to a shower hose 40, is bent at 90 degrees such that the other side is connected to the lower part of the cleansing body 10, and has a cleansing solution channel 23 formed therein to communicate with the cleansing solution channel 13 of the cleansing body 10, where the cleansing body 10 and the connector 20 are integrated.

Abstract: A syringe-based device includes a housing, a pre-sample reservoir, and an actuator. The housing defines an inner volume between a substantially open proximal end portion and a distal end portion that includes a port couplable to a lumen-defining device. The pre-sample reservoir is fluidically couplable to the port to receive and isolate a first volume of bodily fluid. The actuator is at least partially disposed in the inner volume and has a proximal end portion that includes an engagement portion and a distal end portion that includes a sealing member. The engagement portion is configured to allow a user to selectively move the actuator between a first configuration such that bodily fluid can flow from the port to the pre-sample reservoir, and a second configuration such that bodily fluid can flow from the port to a sample reservoir defined at least in part by the sealing member and the housing.

Abstract: A dialysis system includes an on-line dialysate generator, a first dialysate pump in fluid communication with the on-line dialysate generator, and a second dialysate pump in fluid communication with the on-line dialysate generator. The dialysis system also includes a dialyzer in fluid communication with the first and second dialysate pumps. The dialysis system further includes a first valve located between the first dialysate pump and the dialyzer and a second valve located between the second dialysate pump and the dialyzer. The dialysis system is configured to alternate pumping of dialysate from the first and second dialysate pumps to the dialyzer using the first and second valves.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cleaning body cavities are presented. Described embodiments include systems for cleaning feces from the lower GI tract. Also provided are systems for steering such a cleaning system, also useful for steering an endoscope or other tool inserted into a body.