Abstract: A registration marker comprising a radiotransparent substrate and a pattern formed in at least two dimensions, which is disposed on the substrate and is optically visible. The registration marker also has a multiplicity of radiopaque elements, which are disposed in the substrate and are spatially arranged in at least two dimensions to provide a unique pattern.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment relates to an end effector (1), in particular a robot end effector, a device (20) with an operating element (25) for controlling an end effector (1), a robot with at least one end effector (1) and a medical telemanipulation system.

Abstract: A surgical robot and a surgical instrument are disclosed. The surgical instrument includes a wire transmission and an end section. The wire transmission includes a base and n transmission modules each including at least one end drive shaft, two traction elements and two guide pulleys. Each of the guide pulleys comprises a groove for receiving therein a respective one of the traction elements. The groove has a plane of rotation, an entry point of tangency and an exit point of tangency. An angle between the traction element defined by the end drive shaft and the entry point of tangency and the plane of rotation is in the range of 0-0.2°. Projections of all the traction elements at the respective exit points of tangency on the proximal end portion are circumferentially arranged in the same order as the circumferential arrangement of the respective through holes.

Abstract: A tracking device for a navigation system that includes a localizer. The tracking device has a tracking body. At least one tracking element is supported by the tracking body and configured to transmit a tracking signal for the localizer. A visual indicator is supported by the tracking body and has an emitter configured to generate a visible light. A tracker controller supported by the tracking body is configured to receive a signal from the navigation system indicative of the tracking signal being received by the localizer, and in response, control the visual indicator to activate the emitter to generate the visible light to produce a color to indicate to a user that the tracking signal is being received by the localizer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for femoral medial condyle spherical center identification and tracking are described herein. Once the spherical center of the medial condyle is identified, the spherical center is tracked using a pin or internal reference. The spherical center may be used to provide a key kinematic motion reference, such as when the medial condyle is adjusted during a surgical procedure. The tracking may be used to provide optical tracking, inertial tracking, or other tracking. In contrast with surface-mounted optical trackers, the spherical center tracking is not lost during resection (e.g., removal) of a bone surface. Tracking the medial condyle spherical center may reduce or eliminate the need for a surface-mounted optical tracker or preoperative 3-D modeling or of the joint.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes an end effector, a shaft assembly, a drive, and an activating mechanism. The end effector includes first and second jaws. At least one of the first and second jaws is pivotable relative to the other of the first and second jaws between open and closed positions. The shaft assembly extends proximally from the end effector. The drive is operatively connected to a portion of at least one of the end effector or the shaft assembly. The activating mechanism includes an actuation body operatively connected to the drive. The portion is configured to perform a first actuation profile in response to the actuation body moving along a first predetermined path or perform a second actuation profile in response to the actuation body moving along a second predetermined path. Selection of the first predetermined path is configured to prevent the actuation body from accessing the second predetermined path.

Abstract: A system for measuring distances within a surgical site includes a camera positionable to capture 3D image data corresponding to a treatment site. Using the image data, the system determines the relative 3D positions of identified measurement points at the treatment site captured in the images, and it estimates or determines the distance between the measurement points. Output is generated communicating the measured distances to the user. The measurement taken follows the 3D topography of the tissue positioned between the measurement points.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system can include an end effector coupled to a robotic arm. A reamer operable to ream bone can be coupled to the end effector (e.g., via a retainer). The reamer can include a primary driveshaft and a cutting head. The primary driveshaft can be rotatable about a first axis of rotation and the cutting head can be rotatable about a second axis of rotation, for example parallel to and offset from the first axis of rotation.

Abstract: An indicator system for a surgical robotic system for indicating a state of at least a portion of patient anatomy, the surgical robotic system comprising a robot having abase and an arm extending from the base, the arm holding an endoscope at an end of the arm distal from the base, the endoscope being configured for insertion into a body cavity of the patient for observing a surgical site internal to a body of the patient, the indicator system comprising: a receiver configured to receive video data of at least a portion of patient anatomy at the surgical site from the endoscope; and a processor configured to:detect a spatio-temporal change in a pixel region of the received video data; identify, in response to the detected spatio-temporal change, a parameter of the patient anatomy; generate a health indicator indicative of the identified parameter or indicative of a profile of the identified parameter; and output the generated health indicator.

Abstract: Robotic medical systems may perform robotic movement that is saturated according to one or more constraints of the system. A robotic system can include a robotic arm configured to control a medical instrument. The robotic system can receive a first user input from a user for moving the robotic arm to control the medical instrument. The robotic system can guide the movement of the robotic arm along a collision boundary surrounding an object in accordance with the first user input and one or more secondary constraints.

Abstract: Provided is a surgical imaging apparatus that includes a multi-link, multi-joint structure including a plurality of joints that interconnect a plurality of links to provide the multi-link, multi-joint structure with a plurality of degrees of freedom, at least one video camera being disposed on a distal end of the multi-link, multi-joint structure; at least one actuator that drives at least one of the plurality of joints; and circuitry that detects a joint force experienced at the at least one of the plurality of joints in response to an applied external force, and controls the at least one actuator based on the joint force so as to position the video camera.

Abstract: An articulated robotic platform is provided as an end-actuator intended to be fitted to an articulated robotic arm. One use of the articulated robotic platform is to more accurately guide surgical tools during a surgical intervention making it possible to achieve positional accuracy on the level of millimeters or fractions of a millimeter. The articulated robotic platform includes support members attached to the patient or anchoring the articulated robotic platform onto a clamp. The support members of the articulated robotic platform are capable of changing in length, and this change can be monitored by an extension measurement sensor fitted to one or more of the support members. The controller, when provided with feedback information of the extension measurement and direction of several of the legs, can calculate accurately the position of the articulated robotic platform relative to an intervention area of a patient.

Abstract: There is provided a computer implemented method of providing a surgical controller with instructions to restrict a manipulation of an endoscopic tool during an endoscopic medical procedure in an intrabody cavity, comprising: inputting into classifier(s), indication(s) of instructions for manipulation of the endoscopic tool outputted by sensor(s), classifying by the classifier(s), the indication of instructions into an envelope defining a volume that restricts therein manipulation of the endoscopic tool, wherein the classifier(s) classifies the envelope based on previously obtained indications of instructions for manipulation of endoscopic tools during other endoscopic medical procedures performed in intrabody cavities of other patients, analyzing the indication of instructions for manipulation of the endoscopic tool according to the envelope to determine when the instructions are for manipulation of the endoscopic tool externally to the envelope, and providing the surgical controller with an indication of ina

Abstract: A system for tracking at least one object in computer-assisted surgery may include a processing unit and a non-transitory computer-readable memory communicatively coupled to the processing unit and comprising computer-readable program instructions executable by the processing unit for: obtaining orientation data from at least one inertial sensor unit on at least one object; concurrently obtaining position and orientation data for a robot arm relative to a frame of reference; registering the at least one object with the robot arm to determine a position of the at least one object in the frame of reference; and continuously tracking and outputting the position and orientation of the at least one object in the frame of reference, using the orientation data from the at least one inertial sensor unit on the at least one object and the position and orientation data for the robot arm.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electromagnetic (EM) distortion detection and compensation are disclosed. In one aspect, the system includes an instrument, the system configured to: determine a reference position of the distal end of the instrument at a first time based on EM location data, determine that the distal end of the instrument at a second time is static, and determine that the EM location data at the second time is indicative of a position of the distal end of the instrument having changed from the reference position by greater than a threshold distance. The system is further configured to: determine a current offset based on the distance between the position at the second time and the reference position at the first time, and determine a compensated position of the distal end of the instrument based on the EM location data and the current offset.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a medical robot system including a robot coupled to an end-effectuator element with the robot configured to control movement and positioning of the end-effectuator in relation to the patient. One embodiment is a method for removing bone with a robot system comprising: taking a two-dimensional slice through a computed tomography scan volume of target anatomy; placing a perimeter on a pathway to the target anatomy; and controlling a drill assembly with the robot system to remove bone along the pathway in the intersection of the perimeter and the two-dimensional slice.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system and method for providing a stadium view with arm set-up guidance is provided. In one embodiment, a robotic surgical system comprises a plurality of robotic arms, a display device, and a processor. The processor is configured to render, on the display device, a graphical representation of the plurality of robotic arms in their current positions, as well as user-guidance information on how to move the plurality of robotic arms to a different position. Other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: An articulable wrist for an end effector includes a first linkage, a second linkage rotatably coupled to the first linkage at a first articulation joint, and a flexible member extending at least partially through a central channel cooperatively defined by the first and second linkages. A first pivot guide is rotatably coupled to the second linkage at the first articulation joint and rotatable about a first pivot axis extending through the first articulation joint, the first pivot guide defining a central aperture alignable with the central channel and sized to accommodate the flexible member therethrough. The first pivot guide supports an outer diameter of the flexible member at the first articulation joint and prevents the flexible member from flexing beyond the first pivot axis during articulation.

Abstract: A surgical computing system may receive usage data associated with movement of a surgical instrument and user inputs to the surgical instrument. The surgical computing system may receive motion and biomarker sensor data from sensing systems applied to the operator of the surgical instrument. The surgical computing system may determine, based on at least one of the usage data and/or the sensor data, a control feature for implementation by the surgical instrument. The surgical computing system may communicate the determined control feature(s) to the surgical instrument. The surgical instrument may modify its operation based on the control features.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for an endoscope or other surgical instruments to automatically sense when it's placed inside or outside of a trocar or a cannula. Operational setting of the endoscope may be adjusted as a function of the detected environmental condition to improve the function of the endoscope and the safety of a surgical procedure. The endoscope may include a sensor to sense a tag embedded in a trocar or cannula. The endoscope may transmit sensing information to a controller of a surgical robotic system to indicate that the endoscope has been inserted into the trocar or cannula. The controller may generate configuration information corresponding to the sensed state. The controller may transmit the configuration information to the endoscope to configure the endoscope to operate in the state. In another aspect, the endoscope may wirelessly communicate with another surgical instrument to receive operational information from the surgical instrument.

Abstract: Systems and methods for joint replacement are provided. The systems and methods include a surgical orientation device and at least one orthopedic fixture. The surgical orientation device and orthopedic fixtures can be used to locate the orientation of an axis in the body, to adjust an orientation of a cutting plane or planes along a bony surface, to distract a joint, or to otherwise assist in an orthopedic procedure or procedures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating patient-specific surgical guides comprising: capturing a first and second images of an orthopedic element in different reference frames using a radiographic imaging technique, detecting spatial data defining anatomical landmarks on or in the orthopedic element using a neural network, applying a mask to the orthopedic element defined by an anatomical landmark, projecting the spatial data from the first image and the second image to define volume data, applying the neural network to the volume data to generate a reconstructed three-dimensional (“3D”) model of the orthopedic element; and calculating dimensions for a patient-specific surgical guide configured to abut the orthopedic element.

Abstract: An interface for moveably interconnecting a surgical table with a stationary gantry supporting a surgical robotic system is provided. The interface includes a collar portion, an actuator portion, and a locking portion. The collar portion is attached relative to a longitudinal cross-member of the surgical table via receipt of a portion of the longitudinal cross-member through the collar portion. The actuator portion is one of attached to the collar portion and attached to and/or supported by the gantry, and includes gearing operatively engaged to gearing attached to the longitudinal cross member. The locking portion is attached to and/or supported relative to the gantry, and includes a shoulder portion configured to contact an exterior surface of the collar portion, and at least one engagement portion moveable between a disengaged position and an engaged position.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide systems, assemblies, and methods of analyzing patient anatomy, including providing an analysis of a patient's spine, and also analyzing the biomechanical effects of implants. In some embodiments, the systems, assemblies, and/or methods can include obtaining initial patient data, acquiring spinal alignment and contour information, acquiring flexibility and/or biomechanical information, registering patient anatomical landmarks of interest relative to fiducial markers, analyzing databases of measurements and patient data to predict postoperative patient outcomes. Further, in some embodiments, the systems, assemblies, and/or methods can assess localized anatomical features of the patient, and obtain anatomical region data. In some embodiments, the systems, assemblies, and/or methods can also analyze the localized anatomy and therapeutic device location and contouring.

Abstract: A system and method for processing a video stream captured during a clinical procedure. A method includes: receiving and forwarding a current frame to a display using a first processing thread; forwarding the current frame to a memory buffer; using a second processing thread to check for a new frame in the memory buffer; using the second processing thread to forward the new frame to a cloud service that detects lesions in image data; receiving a result from the cloud service; in response to the result being indicative of a new detected lesion in the new frame, performing object sizing using the second processing thread and forwarding new lesion information to the first processing thread; and graphically overlaying the new lesion information onto the current frame at the display manager.

Abstract: A cannula for use in a surgical procedure includes a tubular shaft and a tether coupled to a distal end portion of the tubular shaft. The distal end portion of the tubular shaft is configured to turn inside out in response to a threshold proximally-oriented force applied to the tether. Sections of the distal end portion may break apart or separate from one another about a groove formed in the tubular shaft.

Abstract: Orthopedic systems and methods are provided for use in preparing joints for implants. Specifically, hip preparation systems and methods are disclosed which can include a surgical orientation device. The hip preparation systems and methods can be used, for example, to orient the hip during the procedure, determine the orientation of an anatomical plane or planes, and orient a prosthetic component or components.

Abstract: A control system for a surgical robotic system, the surgical robotic system comprising a remote surgeon console having a surgeon input device, and a surgical robot arm comprising a series of joints extending from a base to a terminal end for attaching to a surgical instrument, the surgical robot arm operable in a full power mode in which the joints of the surgical robot arm are powered by a first power source and a reduced power mode in which the joints of the surgical robot arm are powered by a second power source, the control system configured to: whilst the surgical robot arm is operating in the full power mode, control the surgical robot arm in a surgical mode by converting movements of the surgeon input device to control signals for moving joints of the surgical robot arm; detect a power failure of the first power source; in response to detecting the power failure, enable the reduced power mode, and transition control of the surgical robot arm from the surgical mode to a standby mode; whilst in the reduc

Abstract: Tools, assemblies, surgical systems enable impacting a prosthesis into a surgical site. The tool has an impactor head with a surface to receive an impact force that is manually imparted by a user. A tool shaft has a distal portion and a proximal portion fixed to the impactor head. The tool shaft can be supported by a robotically manipulated tool guide for alignment of the tool shaft relative to the surgical site. A compliance mechanism of the tool has a proximal body coupled to the distal portion of the tool shaft and a distal body supported by the proximal body. The distal body is adapted to releasably attach directly to the prosthesis. The distal body is moveable relative to the proximal body for providing compliant motion of the distal body and prosthesis relative to the tool shaft in response to the impact force that is manually imparted by the user.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and techniques for docking medical instruments. For example, a medical system can include an instrument drive mechanism having a drive output that rotates and engages a corresponding drive input on a robotic medical instrument, a motor configured to rotate the drive output, and a torque sensor configured to measure torque imparted on the drive output. The robotic medical instrument can include a pre-tensioned pull wire actuated by the drive input. The system can activate the motor associated with the drive output to rotate the drive output in response to a torque signal from the torque sensor associated with the drive output in order to align the drive output with the drive input.

Abstract: A method for operating a surgical microscope having a camera is described. The method includes the following steps: a code that is able to be captured in a set frequency range is introduced into the field of view of the camera, at least one image which includes the code is captured via the camera, an evaluation device is used to identify the code and compare the latter to set features of a code required to activate at least one function, and if the identified code has the set features, the activation of the function is authorized.

Abstract: A surgical tool having an open-close end effector is to be provided. The surgical tool includes a shaft, a wrist that is connected to the end of the shaft and is rotatable about a first axis, a first jaw member and a second jaw member that are supported rotatably about a second axis with respect to the wrist, sets of first and second forward and backward cables that transmit forces for turning the first jaw member and the second jaw member, respectively, about the second axis, and a turning motion unit that generates a turning motion of the wrist about the first axis so that pre-tension of the set of first forward and backward cables and the set of second forward and backward cables does not change.

Abstract: A surgical system and method involve a manipulator including a plurality of links and joints and a tool coupled to the manipulator. A navigation system includes a localizer, a first tracker coupled to the robotic manipulator or the tool, and a second tracker coupled to a workpiece. Controller(s) determine, from the navigation system, a pose of the tool relative to the workpiece. The controller(s) control the robotic manipulator to facilitate removal of a first portion from the workpiece with the tool and sense interaction between the tool and the workpiece during removal of the first portion to detect a density of the workpiece. The controller(s) control the robotic manipulator to facilitate removal of a second portion from the workpiece with the tool, wherein a cutting depth for the second portion is based, at least in part, on the detected density.

Abstract: A method of operation of a robotically-assisted surgical system includes defining a virtual geometry associated with a planned resection, determining a first pose of a surgical tool, defining a target orientation for the surgical tool based on the first pose, controlling a robotic device to automatically move the surgical tool to both the virtual geometry and the target orientation

Abstract: Implementations relate to actuated grips for a controller. In some implementations, a controller includes a central member, a grip member coupled to the central member and moveable in a grip degree of freedom, a shaft coupled to the grip member, and an actuator coupled to the shaft and operative to output an actuator force on the shaft. The actuator force causes a grip force to be applied via the shaft to the grip member in the grip degree of freedom.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a surgical apparatus comprising: a steerable member that is bendable and comprises a plurality of bending segments with channels therein; and a plurality of bending actuation wires that are arranged to pass through the steerable member and cause the steerable member to bend, the steerable member comprising at least one outwardly opening lumen through which the bending actuation wires pass.

Abstract: A needle guide to retain a needle at a desired trajectory with respect to an imaging transducer includes a body member, a needle holder subassembly, and a slide member. The needle holder subassembly is pivotably mounted on the body member to enable the needle holder subassembly to be oriented to various selected orientations with respect to the body member. The slide member is slidably coupled to each of the body member and the needle holder subassembly, such that movement of the slide member relative to the body member moves the needle holder subassembly between the various selected orientations.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an accurate position determining device, method and system for surgical tool. The method adopts two trackers for navigation and position determining: an end tracker is used for accurate position determining; the end tracker is removed after it is in place, and a main body tracker is used for real-time monitoring. Robotic arm movement will generate errors, and a navigation device is used to achieve multiple calibrations and successive recursion to approach a precise position, which thereby ensures a high accuracy to the utmost extent. During a navigation and position determining process, the main body tracker can provide a distance from a real-time position of a surgical tool to a spatial pose of a target cutting plane and feed it to an operator through a screen of a host, who makes fine adjustments by visual indication, and stops swinging if it exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: An instrument cart configured to position an instrument controller at a desired location and attitude pitch with respect to an incision location of a patient includes a base, a lift member moveable with respect to the base, a first planar translation member connected to the lift member and arcuately moveable with respect thereto, a second planar translation member connected to the first planar translation member and arcuately moveable with respect thereto, a third planar translation member connected to the second planar translation member and arcuately moveable with respect thereto, an arcuate slide base connected to the third planar translation member and moveable with respect thereto and an arcuate slide coupled to the arcuate slide base, and moveable with respect thereto; and an instrument controller coupling connected to the arcuate slide member, the instrument controller connected thereto and movable with respect thereto.

Abstract: A system includes a robotic manipulator including a serial chain comprising a first joint, a second joint, and a first link. The system further includes a processing unit including one or more processors. The processing unit is configured to receive first link data from a first sensor system located at the first link, generate a first joint state estimate of the first joint based on the first link data, and generate a second joint state estimate of the second joint. The processing unit is further configured to apply a first weight to the first joint state estimate to generate a first weighted joint state estimate, apply a second weight to the second joint state estimate to generate a second weighted joint state estimate, and control the first and second joints based on the first weighted joint state estimate and second weighted joint state estimate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for moveable element indication include a system. The system includes a robotic assembly configured to support an instrument and a processor. The instrument includes an end effector and a moveable element. The end effector includes a first jaw and a second jaw. The moveable element is moveable from a first position to a second position. The processor is configured to display, on a user interface display, an image of the instrument clamping a material using the first jaw and the second jaw; and superimpose, on the image, a visual indicator of a position of the moveable element relative to the end effector.

Abstract: Techniques for registering a computer-assisted device to a table include a computer-assisted device having an articulated arm and a control unit. The control unit is configured to receive information of a first motion of a table, the first motion comprising a first rotation about a first axis and causing a second motion of a point associated with the articulated arm; receive information of the second motion; receive information of a third motion of the table, the third motion of the table comprising a second rotation about a second axis different from the first axis and causing a fourth motion of the point; receive information of the fourth motion; determine a relationship between the computer-assisted device and the table based on a position of the point, the first rotation, the second motion, the second rotation, and the fourth motion; and control motion of the articulated arm based on the relationship.

Abstract: An end effector for a minimally invasive medical device can include a base configured to attach to a distal end of a shaft, and a disposable distal portion configured to removably attach to the base to be disposed of after use.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a surgical robot by a surgeon console remote from the surgical robot, the control system being configured to: receive one or more state signal associated with a plurality of instruments, each of the plurality of instruments being attachable to the surgical robot, the one or more state signal indicating a selectability of each of the plurality of instruments for control by the surgeon console, and a control mode of each of the plurality of instruments from a group of modes, the group of modes comprising a manipulation mode in which an instrument of the plurality of instruments is controllable by the surgeon console, and a selection mode in which an instrument of the plurality of instruments is selectable for control by the surgeon console; determine a graphical arrangement of icons for display in dependence on the received one or more state signal, where each icon represents a respective one of the plurality of instruments, and output a display signal to cause the graphical arr

Abstract: Co-manipulation robotic systems are described herein that may be used for assisting with laparoscopic surgical procedures. The co-manipulation robotic systems allow a surgeon to use commercially-available surgical tools while providing benefits associated with surgical robotics. Advantageously, the surgical tools may be seamlessly coupled to the robot arms using a disposable coupler while the reusable portions of the robot arm remain in a sterile drape. Further, the co-manipulation robotic system may operate in multiple modes to enhance usability and safety, while allowing the surgeon to position the instrument directly with the instrument handle and further maintain the desired position of the instrument using the robot arm.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for surgical tracking and control are generally described herein. A system may include a robotic arm configured to allow interactive movement and controlled autonomous movement of an end effector, a cut guide mounted to the end effector of the robotic arm, the cut guide configured to guide a surgical instrument within a plane, a tracking system to determine a position and an orientation of the cut guide, and a control system to permit or prevent interactive movement or autonomous movement of the end effector.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in various embodiments, systems and methods for robotic manipulation of a patient's anatomy, such as the uterus, during minimally invasive surgical procedures.

Abstract: Devices and systems are provided for controlling movement of a working end of a surgical device by means of a robotic system. In one embodiment, systems and devices are provided for moving an end effector on a distal end of a surgical fastening device. Movement can include rotational movement of the end effector about an axis of the shaft, articulation of the end effector relative to the shaft, and actuation of an end effector, e.g., closing, firing, and/or cutting.

Abstract: A teleoperative system includes a first manipulator assembly, a second manipulator assembly, a first medical instrument movable by the first manipulator assembly, a second medical instrument movable by the second manipulator assembly, a first alignment component positioned on the first manipulator assembly, a second alignment component positioned on an entry port, and a control system configured to record a position of the first manipulator assembly in response to receiving a user input indicating that the first alignment component is aligned with the second alignment component. The second medical instrument is sized and shaped to fit and move within the first medical instrument.

Abstract: Touchless control of surgical devices. One example is a method of performing a surgical procedure, the method comprising: receiving, by a touchless-interface controller, a touchless command directly identifying an operational parameter of a target surgical controller of a plurality of surgical controllers used for performing the surgical procedure; generating, by the touchless-interface controller, a command value from the touchless command; and communicating, by the touchless-interface controller, a control command to the target surgical controller of the plurality of surgical controllers based on the command value.