Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are provided for driving an implant and applying counter torque. For example, a driver can include a handle, a driver shaft, and a counter torque shaft, the counter torque shaft being laterally offset from the driver shaft. A distal end of each shaft can mate with a specific type of implant and/or anatomy. The shafts can be removed and replaced from the device, allowing a user to select shafts having particular lengths and/or mating tips. In use, distal ends of the shafts can be fixed or constrained relative to one another and to an implant such that the counter torque shaft cannot orbit around the driver shaft. Rotating the handle can rotate the driver shaft, driving the implant. This can cause the counter torque shaft to try to orbit around the driver shaft, but the fixed/constrained ends restrict this motion, applying the counter torque.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cervical vertebra fixation device using a plurality of screws characterized by comprising: a body having a length extending across at least two bones and including a first end and a second end opposite to the first end; and three or more openings formed in the body for receiving the plurality of screws, wherein the first end has a profile with at least a portion of the body being removed with respect to the horizontal line perpendicular to the length direction to prevent adjacent segment degeneration, and a cervical vertebra fixation device using at least one screw, comprising: a body fixed into a bone; at least one opening formed in the body for receiving the at least one screw; a cover for preventing any escape of the screws inserted; and a cover screw, wherein the cover is movable with respect to the body to allow the insertion of screws while the cover is coupled to the body.

Abstract: Apparatus and devices for percutaneously extending an existing spinal construct ipsilaterally with an additional spinal construct in a patient are disclosed. The additional spinal construct comprises a rod connector that includes an elongate additional rod integrally attached thereto. The additional rod is placed through an access port in a first orientation generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the access port and rotated to a different second orientation generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the access port. During such rotation the additional rod is moved subcutaneously beneath the skin of the patient from the existing spinal rod to an additional bone engaging implant. In another arrangement, the extension of an existing spinal construct in a minimally invasive procedure comprises a rod connector having an offset support for receiving an additional spinal rod that may be placed laterally interiorly or exteriorly of the existing spinal construct.

Abstract: Lamina plate assemblies, systems, and methods thereof. A lamina plate assembly may be configured to provide lamina support following laminectomy, for example, in cervical and lumbar cases. The lamina plate assembly may include a generally elongate body having a first free end, a second free end, and a posterior portion disposed between the first free end and the second free end. Different embodiments of securing portions are used to secure the lamina plate assembly to a vertebra.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an implant with an attachment feature and a method for attaching to the same. The implant may include a cavity with a porous layer disposed within a non-porous layer wherein the non-porous layer defines a chamber. The chamber may receive and confine liquefiable material and direct liquefiable material to permeate through the porous layer. A method of attaching a device to the implant may include liquefying a liquefiable portion of the device and allowing the liquefied material to interdigitate with the second layer and then solidify to prevent pullout.

Abstract: A method of limiting at least one degree of movement between a superior vertebral body and an inferior vertebral body of a patient includes advancing a distal end of a stabilization device into a pedicle of the inferior vertebral body. A proximal portion of the stabilization device is positioned such that the proximal portion limits at least one degree of movement between a superior vertebral body and an inferior vertebral body by contacting a surface of the superior vertebral body.

Abstract: A spinal stabilization system generally comprises first and second anchor members configured to be secured to first and second vertebrae within a patient's body, a flexible element secured to the first anchor member, and a rigid element secured to the second anchor member. An end portion of the rigid element is coupled to an end portion of the flexible so that the system is able to provide both rigid and dynamic stabilization. The coupling is maintained even if the flexible element relaxes after a period of time within the patient's body.

Abstract: A holding device includes a cylindrical main body portion having an outer cross-section equal to or less than a cross-section defining the inner wall of an upper portion and a pair of locking pieces protruding outward from the distal end portion of the main body portion in the direction of the central axis along a direction perpendicular to the central axis at the positions of a pair of slots while the main body portion is positioned within the inner wall of the upper portion when viewed from the direction of the central axis. The pair of locking pieces have such a shape as to be contained within the outer shape of the head portion while being positioned within the pair of slots.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dynamically stabilizing intervertebral implant composed of a stabilizing wedge (1), a blocking pin (2), a locking screw (3), and a flexible link in the form of a strap. The stabilizing wedge includes a recess (12) through which the strap can pass. The blocking pin can come into engagement with the wedge by movement inside the recess in the direction of the main axis of the body of the wedge in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the blocking pin firstly coincides with the longitudinal axis of the recess, secondly is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first strap portion inside the recess, and thirdly is parallel to the surface of the first strap portion inside the recess. The strap is immobilized with respect to the stabilizing wedge by being clamped between the blocking pin and the inner wall of the recess.

Abstract: An articulating assembly includes a first elongated element for attachment to a first anatomical region, and a second elongated element for attachment to a second anatomical region. In at least one embodiment, a coupling connects the first and second elongated elements. The coupling includes a moveable joint configured to allow polyaxial movement of the first elongated element with respect to the second elongated element. The assembly further includes a locking mechanism. The locking mechanism is operable in an unlocked condition to permit polyaxial movement of the first elongated element with respect to the second elongated element, and a locked condition to immobilize the movable joint and fix the position of the first elongated element with respect to the second elongated element.

Abstract: A spinal implant includes a first member having an inner surface defining an implant cavity and at least one mating element. A second member includes a head and a shaft configured to penetrate tissue. The head includes at least one mating element engageable with the at least one mating element of the first member and a part. A third member includes an inner surface engageable with the part such that the members comprise a bone fastener having a selected movement. Systems, instruments and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for inserting a vertebral stabilization member, such as a rod. The insertion device includes an outer guide tube, a pin assembly including a pin and a pusher member extending therethrough. The insertion device is configured to actuate a rod between a first orientation and a second orientation angled with respect to the first orientation in order to position the rod in an appropriate location for attachment to bone.

Abstract: A growing rod for mounting between attachment mechanisms that are secured to anatomical structures of a patient having scoliosis. The growing rod includes a base rod having an attachment end, an extendable rod that is translatable relative to the base rod along a longitudinal axis and a housing enclosing at least a portion of the extendable rod therein. A magnet is rotatably mounted within the housing and is enclosed by a top magnet cover and a bottom magnet cover. The magnet includes a first pole and a second pole. A gear reduction mechanism is associated with the magnet and the extendable rod. The gear reduction mechanism reduces an output rotation to the extendable rod relative to an input rotation from the magnet.

Abstract: A bioabsorbable tissue support is inserted into a tissue of a subject during, or after, puncture of the tissue. The bioabsorbable tissue support includes a material that is gradually absorbed into the punctured tissue in time, and disappears. The bioabsorbable tissue support may be inserted standing alone, or in association with a permanent or temporary non-bioabsorbable tissue support, may define the shape of the punctured hole, and/or may release useful or ornamental chemicals into the punctured tissue. The chemical may include an antibacterial material, an antifungal material, an antimicrobial material, topical anesthetic, a temporary or permanent dye material, and/or an antiproliferative agent. The non-bioabsorbable tissue support may include a self-expanding material that enlarges the size of the puncture in time. The bioabsorbable tissue support may have the form of a tube and/or a mesh of variable peripheral shapes, be elongated, and/or have attachable and detachable end plates and pointed tips.

Abstract: A load sharing bone plate has a plurality of directional apertures configured to effectively support and share the load with a fractured bone to promote healing. A load sharing bone plate may have a body portion that is thinner and be configured to be secured with smaller fasteners than conventional bone plates. A load sharing bone plate has a plurality of directional apertures, configured to direct a fastener is a specific orientation, such as in an oblique angle to the length and/or in an oblique angle to the width of the bone plate. A load sharing bone plate may be configured with a load sharing extension on at least one end that is configured to reduce stress concentration at the end of the bone plate. A load sharing extension may have a tapered thickness and/or width from the body portion to the extended end.

Abstract: In one representative embodiment, an implantable prosthetic device comprises a spacer body portion configured to be disposed between native leaflets of a heart, and an anchor portion configured to secure the native leaflets against the spacer body portion, wherein the prosthetic device is movable between a compressed configuration, in which the spacer body portion is radially compressed and is axially spaced relative to the anchor portion, and an expanded configuration, in which the spacer body portion expands radially outwardly relative to the compressed configuration and overlaps at least a portion of the anchor portion.

Abstract: Devices for retracting tissue during a minimally-invasive, posterior spinal fusion procedure include a blade positionable along a passageway device connected to a connecting element implanted in a vertebra of the spine, such that the blade covers at least a portion of a longitudinal opening of the passageway device. The blade may be coupled to the passageway device by receiving the passageway device with a receiving portion. Systems for displacing the vertebrae of the spine include first and second extenders, the distal ends of each of which are configured to engage the connecting elements. Each extender may include a shaft configured to be securely engaged within a cage of the respective connecting element. The devices and systems of the present invention may be used in connection with an interbody fusion technique performed through an opening extending between the passageway devices, and an intermediate retractor blade may provide additional tissue retraction.

Abstract: A fixing instrument for an open-type distal tibial osteotomy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is installed on a tibia incised by the open-type distal tibial osteotomy, and the fixing instrument includes: a body portion which is in close contact with the tibia and has a plurality of coupling holes and an oblong hole; a head portion which is connected to one end of the body portion and has a plurality of coupling holes; screws which are inserted into the coupling holes; and a block which is detachably installed in the oblong hole by using a sliding screw, in which the head portion is formed to have a predetermined angle based on a lower surface of the head portion, and the other end of the body portion is formed to have a predetermined angle based on a lower surface of the body portion.

Abstract: Systems and methods for percutaneously installing a vertebral stabilization system. A first anchor is positionable within a body of a patient through a first percutaneous opening and a second anchor is positionable within a body of a patient through a second percutaneous opening. A stabilization member is positionable within the body of a patient through the first percutaneous opening to engage and connect the first and second anchors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interspinous implant, intended to be implanted between two adjacent dorsal spines, each including an upper edge, a lower edge and two opposed lateral faces, wherein the implant includes at least one body with dimensions arranged so as to maintain or restore a distance between the adjacent edges of the two spinous processes and including at least two wings extending so that at least a part of each wing lies along at least a part of one lateral face of one of the two spinous processes and, additionally, at least one retainer for the implant, designed to retain the body of the implant between the two spinous processes and to be inserted from the same lateral face as the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to medical devices, systems, and methods for use in surgery. In particular, the disclosed system and methods relate to an intervertebral spinal implant sized and dimensioned for the lumbar spine implantable via a posterior approach. The system includes an implant, instruments for delivering the implant.

Abstract: A minimally invasive fixation system and method for providing access to a surgical site. The fixation system may include a holding assembly, the holding assembling preferably including a lateral implant holder which may be attached to a pedicle screw and a sleeve positioned in connection with the lateral implant holder to prevent the lateral implant holder from separating from the pedicle screw. The sleeve may further include a tissue protection portion to keep the tissue out of the surgical site. A holding sleeve may be operably connected to the holding assembly and pedicle screw and may be used to insert the pedicle screw into the body. Multiple constructs may be inserted into the body so that a portion of the holding assembly extends from the body and provides access to and visualization of the surgical site. A rod holder may also be used to insert a rod into the head of the screw. The rod may be held by the rod holder so that the rod may be angulated as the rod is inserted into the screw heads.

Abstract: The present invention involves a system and methods for assembling and implanting a vertebral body implant. The vertebral body implant includes, but is not necessarily limited to, an expandable core body and endplates that can be attached at both ends. Endplates of various shapes, sizes and angles are attachable to the expandable core so that a suitable vertebral body implant can be implanted between vertebrae.

Abstract: A forming apparatus and method for forming a workpiece used a medical procedure is provided. A controllable bending machine for bending the workpiece is provided. A template is manually formable. The template has a shape sensor so as to sense a shape of the template. A controller receives template shape data from the shape sensor and operates the bending machine in accordance with the template shape data. The bending of the workpiece includes a spring back compensating operation which performs a first bending operation on the workpiece in accordance with the template shape data, acquires workpiece shape data from one of the shape sensor re-disposed associated with the workpiece, or another shape sensor associated with the workpiece, and performs a second bending operation compensating for spring back. A method employs the template for workpiece measurements and the forming apparatus using the measurements for forming the workpiece.

Abstract: An interspinous stabilization device configured to fit interlaminarly between adjacent vertebrae and their spinous processes, while also cooperating with a bone graft, or bone substitute, component to facilitate fusion at that segment of the spine is disclosed. Also provided is a method for using such a device and bone graft, or bone substitute, component to stabilize a spinal segment.

Abstract: A spinal stabilization system for surgical implantation in the spine having a bone fastener. The bone fastener is provided with a head portion and a shaft portion. A housing is also provided with a recess defined by sidewalls and an opening for receiving the head portion of the bone fastener. A seating element is disposed within the housing and positioned over the head portion of the bone fastener. An elongate rod is positioned on the seating element within the recess of the housing. The system also includes a cap capable of engaging with a top portion of the housing and capturing the elongate rod within the recess of the housing when the cap is rotated. The bone fastener articulates in a single plane with respect to the housing and the seat element.

Abstract: A system for installing a vertebral stabilization system. The system includes an installation tool including a handle portion and a shaft extending distally from the handle portion. The shaft includes a conduit and a staple mechanism. The system also includes a flexible implant member extending along the conduit configured to be advanced out from a distal end of the shaft, and a staple housed in the staple mechanism. The staple is configured to secure the flexible implant member to a vertebra. The handle portion is configured to selectively advance the flexible implant member from the shaft and to selectively actuate the staple mechanism.

Abstract: Lamina plate assemblies, systems, and methods thereof. A lamina plate assembly may be configured to provide lamina support following laminectomy, for example, in cervical and lumbar cases. The lamina plate assembly may include a generally elongate body having a first free end, a second free end, and a posterior portion disposed between the first free end and the second free end. Different embodiments of securing portions are used to secure the lamina plate assembly to a vertebra.

Abstract: The present invention provides an orthopedic implant including a base device having a device surface and a fixation material attached to at least one portion of the device surface. The fixation material is configured to provide a minimally sufficient adhesive force to resist natural pull out caused by forces acting on the base device after implantation and bone growth. Also provided is a method of manufacturing an orthopedic implant. A base device with a device surface is provided and a minimally sufficient adhesive force, that can resist natural pull out caused by forces acting on the base device after implantation and bone growth, is determined. A proper amount of fixation material sufficient to provide an adhesive force equal to the minimally sufficient adhesive force is determined and fixation material is applied to the device. When the proper amount of fixation material is applied to the device surface, application is stopped.

Abstract: Various embodiments of intervertebral implants, anchoring devices for intervertebral implants, and implantation instrumentation are provided, along with various embodiments of methods for using one or more of the devices. Some embodiments of an anchoring device have a body comprising at least one curve and a rigid plate elongated along a longitudinal axis so that its front end enters at least one vertebra while its rear end remains in the passage of an implant. In some embodiments, the plate comprises at least one longitudinal slot separating at least one posterior portion of the plate into two branches, with at least one branch comprising at least one withdrawal stop configured to retain the device in the implant.

Abstract: A polyaxial spinal screw including a head and a threaded body. The head is defined by a portion of a first sphere that has a first center and a portion of a second sphere that has a second center, wherein the second center is approximately concentric with the first center. The threaded body extends from the portion of first sphere, wherein the portion of the first sphere is compressible approximately through the first center via compression of the portion of the second sphere.

Abstract: A vertebral support device (1) is disclosed, which in various embodiments comprises at least two osseous anchoring implants (2), each designed to be anchored to a vertebra, and at least one linking element (3) fixed to the osseous anchoring implants (2) by fasteners (20) that maintain a fixed angle between the longitudinal axis (L) of the linking element (3) passing through rigid elements (34) of the linking element (3) and the insertion axis (DV) of the implants (2). The linking element (3) includes at least one elastic dampening element (31) that that allows the implant-bearing vertebrae some freedom of movement. The dampening element (31) accommodates the stresses imposed on the linking element (3) during movement of the vertebrae and tends to return the support device (1) to its normal configuration.

Abstract: A system for fastening soft tissue to bone includes a bone screw having a threaded shaft and a screw head having an underside with malleable protuberances that project toward a distal end of the threaded shaft. A fixation plate is coupled with the threaded shaft. The fixation plate has a proximal face that opposes the underside of the screw head, a distal face that faces away from the underside of the screw head, an outer peripheral edge that extends between the proximal and distal faces, a central opening for receiving the threaded shaft, and protrusions spaced from one another around the outer peripheral edge that extend distally beyond the distal face of the fixation plate. The system includes an insertion tool having a handle and a tubular shaft extending distally from the handle.

Abstract: Techniques disclosed herein include systems and methods for a bone screw and self-retaining driver. The system includes a mechanism that enables a bone screw to be rigidly attached to a screwdriver for manipulation and transfer of bone fragments and grafts to a fixation site, such as during surgery. The system includes a cannulated bone screw that has a drive connection that engages with a drive structures of a screwdriver. The bone screw also includes a structural connector that securely attaches to or receives an internal shaft or rod of the screwdriver. The internal shaft or rod of the screwdriver can rotate and slide independent of an outer shaft of screwdriver. Accordingly, the internal shaft of the screwdriver can rigidly connect with the bone screw enabling applied torque to the screwdriver to be transferred to the bone screw, without the bone screw falling off of the drive connection.

Abstract: A distal portion of a filament is extended beyond the distal end of a needle containing a gripper. A flexible one-way filament retainer with a snagging point is positioned adjacent to the extended filament. The needle with the extended filament and the one-way filament retainer are inserted into a cannula. During partial withdrawal of the needle, the snagging point of the one-way filament retainer hooks or retains the distal portion of the filament, depositing a section of the filament between the snagging point of the one-way filament retainer and the needle. When the needle is re-advanced, the needle pushes open the flexible one-way filament retainer, and the section of the filament is expelled or deposited in tissue. The needle can be rotated; the gripper engages and spirals the expelled filament to burrow into tissue. The method of needle partial withdrawal, re-advancement, rotation and pushing is repeated to pack and fill the tissue with interconnecting spirals of filament.

Abstract: Dynamic, rigid, and convertible dynamic-to-rigid devices and methods of using such devices to treat spinal instability conditions of the cervical spine are provided. The devices may include an interspinous, interlaminar stabilization device configured for interlaminar placement between the spinous processes of adjacent cervical vertebrae and optionally secured to the lamina using bone screws or crimped or rigidly fixed to the spinous process. Multiple devices may be used to enable treatment of multiple levels at the same time.

Abstract: A bone screw, for drawing first and second bone fragments together, includes a shaft having a distal section and a proximal section. The distal section has a first external male screw thread and a minor diameter. The proximal section has a second external male screw thread. A major diameter of the distal section is larger than a major diameter of the proximal section. The bone screw includes a sleeve that has an internal female screw thread configured to mate with the second male screw thread. A distal portion of the sleeve has an outer diameter. The outer diameter is equal to or smaller than the minor diameter of the distal section of the shaft.

Abstract: Devices and methods for positioning and immobilizing at least two adjacent vertebrae using adjacent spinous processes. The method includes positioning a spinous process fusion device in an interspinous space between adjacent spinous processes including a rod and a first wing, and attaching a second wing to the rod, for example, using a ratcheting mechanism.

Abstract: A bone plate system is provided that includes bone plates and bone anchor assemblies for being inserted into bone plate bores to secure the bone plates to one or more bones. In one aspect, the bone plate system includes a bone anchor assembly having a locking cap and a locking fastener connected to a head portion of a bone anchor. The bone anchor assembly is driven into a bone plate bore before the locking fastener is shifted to expand the locking cap and fix the bone anchor assembly within the bore. In another aspect, the bone plate system includes a bone anchor assembly having a locking cap that deflects radially inward due to contact with the bone plate at large bone anchor assembly insertion angles. In addition, a bone anchor assembly having a preassembled condition with a locking cap resisting back out of a locking fastener.

Abstract: Prosthetic implant devices and related methods are provided. The prosthetic implant devices includes an internal component and an external component. The internal component has an implant portion associated with one or more rare earth magnets. The internal component being of a size and shape suitable for surgical implantation into the residual limb of the amputee. The implant portion being of a size and shape suitable for surgical implantation into a bone within the residual limb of the amputee. The one or more rare earth magnets generating at least one magnetic field. The external component having a prosthetic connection associated with a magnetic element. The magnet element being in adaptable magnetic association with the at least one magnetic field generated by the one or more rare earth magnets.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a surgical device, such as a surgical implant, which may be used in several types of procedures. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to implants for use in an anterior, posterior, posterior lateral or direct lateral approach to the disc space. The surgical device may be manipulated in various manners to accommodate delivery through a minimally invasive portal in one configuration and adjusted to a second configuration once placed in the intervertebral space. A delivery system for placing the surgical device in a body is also disclosed.

Abstract: An expandable prosthetic implant for engagement between vertebrae includes a first member having a first end, a second end, a plurality of extensions and and a hollow interior portion extending from the first end to the second end, wherein the plurality of extensions extend from the first end to the second end. A second member includes a first end, a second end, a hollow interior portion extending from the first end to the second end, and a plurality of extensions extending from the second end to the first end. The plurality extensions of the first member are configured to coaxially interdigitate with the second member, and the plurality of extensions of the second member are configured to coaxially interdigitate with the first member. The first member of the implant is moveable relative to the second member along a longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A fastener, for example a bone screw, is sized to pass through a hole of an implant, for example a bone plate, the fastener having a shaft or anchor portion engageable with body tissue, and a head portion. A locking cap secures to the bone plate and covers the head to block the head and inhibit screw back out. Alternatively or additionally, a locking disc located in the plate hole resiliently deflects downward to allow screw insertion, but is blocked to limit or prevent upward deflection so that screw back out is inhibited.

Abstract: An interspinous device for arthrodesis, comprising a main body of distraction, inserted between two adjacent spinous processes to provide a relative support; a first and a second pair of lateral stabilizers; support means of each of the pairs of stabilizers slidable with respect to the main body; and a threaded shaft of actuation of the lateral stabilizers, percutaneously operable to determine a rotation and a subsequent translation of the stabilizers with respect to said main body, wherein the overall arrangement is such that each stabilizer is rotatably movable relative to the main body between a first closed configuration and a second open configuration, in which the stabilizers are open wide, and between the second open configuration and a third retaining configuration, in which the open-wide stabilizers of the first pair are longitudinally juxtaposed to respective open-wide stabilizers of the second pair so as to abut a spinous process.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are provided for driving an implant and applying counter torque. For example, a driver can include a handle, a driver shaft, and a counter torque shaft, the counter torque shaft being laterally offset from the driver shaft. A distal end of each shaft can mate with a specific type of implant and/or anatomy. The shafts can be removed and replaced from the device, allowing a user to select shafts having particular lengths and/or mating tips. In use, distal ends of the shafts can be fixed or constrained relative to one another and to an implant such that the counter torque shaft cannot orbit around the driver shaft. Rotating the handle can rotate the driver shaft, driving the implant. This can cause the counter torque shaft to try to orbit around the driver shaft, but the fixed/constrained ends restrict this motion, applying the counter torque.

Abstract: Implant for stabilization of pelvic ring fractures, comprising a nail for intraosseous implantation, a fixing agent and at least one locking element for relative fixation of the pelvic bone to the nail. The nail is designed so that the nail intraosseous be passed through a pre-drilled by a sacrum through channel or in the sacrum predrilled through channel is intraosseous insertable. Wherein the pin has at least at its first end of the nail transverse implementation for receiving the locking member, said locking member having an anchoring portion by means of which it can be anchored in a pelvic bone, and a locking portion connected to the transverse conducting of the nail so corresponds to the locking element with the nail is stable angle lockable. Wherein the nail is fixed by means of fixing means at the second end of the nail, in a first pelvic bone and/or the sacrum, whereby the nail is secured by means of the locking element relative to a second pelvis against rotation and displacements fixed.

Abstract: A spinal distractor and stabilizer has resilient, conformable bone contacting sections which are separated by an expandable chamber that extends from one of the sections, and which forms a ratchet with the section, ensuring that once expanded by being filled with a substance, cannot contract absent intervention by a medical practitioner. The stabilizer may be filled with a material which solidifies, after which some or all of the device may biodegrade. The device may also be provided in separable portions to facilitate implantation. The conformable sections distribute the distraction and stabilizing force evenly over the bone surface, reducing the incidence of disruption to the integrity of the bone.

Abstract: The present method includes the following steps: removing a portion of a previously implanted spinal arthroplasty device; and attaching a revision component to a remaining portion of the previously implanted spinal arthroplasty device to alter a biomechanical characteristic of the implanted arthroplasty device. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of limiting motion between adjacent vertebrae including the steps of accessing an implanted spinal arthroplasty device comprising a cephalad component fixed to a first vertebra and a caudal component fixed to a second vertebra inferior to the first vertebra, the cephalad and caudal components having a range of motion between them, and attaching a revision component to the cephalad and caudal components to reduce the range of motion. The invention also includes revision devices for revising the biomechanics of implanted spinal arthroplasty devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for forming or enlarging holes in bone tissue and methods for fixing medical plates to bodies. The present disclosure also provides for products produced by the methods of the present disclosure and for apparatuses used to perform the methods of the present disclosure including but not limited to spring compressed retained blades and detachable blades.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for restoration of human or animal bone anatomy, which may include introduction, into a bone of an expansible implant capable of expansion in a single determined plane, positioning the expansible implant in the bone in order to correspond the single determined plane with a bone restoration plane and opening out the expansible implant in the bone restoration plane. A first support surface and a second support surface spread tissues within bone. The embodiments of the invention may also include injecting a filling material around the implant.