Abstract: A bone material removal device, including a tubular element comprising a proximal end and a distal end, a shaft received within the tubular element and comprising a proximal end and a distal end, a cutting tooth movably coupled to the distal end of the shaft and a shaft displacement actuator at the proximal end of the tubular element rotatably coupled to the shaft, wherein at least partial rotation of the actuator in a first direction brings the cutting tooth to travel from a closed retracted position to an open extended position.

Abstract: Bone harvesting tools and methods of use thereof are disclosed. In an embodiment, the tool comprises a chamber having a first aperture, a second aperture, an internal cavity, and a suction source fluidly connected with the chamber. The suction source is effective to generate negative pressure within the internal cavity of the chamber. The tool also has a reamer having a reaming portion, the reamer being sized to extend through the first and second apertures of the chamber, wherein the reamer is movable relative to the chamber. Additionally, the tool includes a storage container fluidly connected to the internal cavity of the chamber and effective to receive bone and/or cellular material extracted from the patient, the bone and/or cellular material being extracted during reaming a bone of the patient with the reamer.

Abstract: A surgical treatment system comprises a drill bit extending along a proximo-distal drill bit axis suitable for drilling a hole in the pedicle of a vertebra when the bit is rotated. The bit includes, successively along the drill bit axis, a distal end, a cylindrical drill centred on the drill bit axis for drilling the hole by cutting into and removing bone material from the pedicle to give a distal end portion of the hole a cylindrical shape, and a milling cutter for cutting bone material from the pedicle of the vertebra to give a proximal end portion of the hole a funnel shape gradually widening from the distal end portion of the hole. A pedicle screw extends along a proximo-distal screw axis and is designed to be screwed into the hole by being rotated after the drill bit has drilled the hole and has been removed from this hole.

Abstract: A steerable, or curveable, introducer drill to access a target treatment region within bone along a curved trajectory is disclosed. The drill may include a drive shaft including a proximal rotational member, a distal drill tip, and an elongate shaft portion extending from the proximal rotational member to the distal drill tip. The distal drill tip may be sharp and include cutting flutes. The drill may also include an outer tube surrounding the drive shaft. A distal end portion of the outer tube may include a segmented tube section configured to facilitate controlled bending of the segmented tube section of the outer tube. The drill may also include an actuator operably coupled to the drive shaft and adapted to apply tension to the drive shaft which, in turn, causes the segmented tube section of the outer tube to bend.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to apparatus and methods for a stepped needle for an intraosseous device that uses the outer surface of the bone cortex as a reference point. Since the thickness of the bone cortex does not vary significantly between patients, the accuracy of needle placement can be improved. The device includes a needle with a stepped increase in outer diameter disposed along the needle shaft. The abrupt change in outer diameter provides a substantial increase in insertion force. In embodiments, the stepped increase prevents any further insertion into the bone cortex. Embodiments include a tapered needle lumen for medullary access confirmation and an overtube that is rotatably and slidably engaged to protect surrounding tissues and prevent needle stick injuries. Further, a needle hub can be rotatable or slidable, and can transition an overtube to an extended position to prevent accidental needle stick injuries.

Abstract: A surgical cutting tool for use with a handpiece having a motor is disclosed. The surgical cutting tool comprises a nose tube defining a lumen between proximal and distal ends. A bushing is coupled to the nose tube at the distal end and is disposed at least partially within the lumen. The bushing defines a second lumen configured to receive a region of a driveshaft that extends past the distal end of the nose tube. A bur defines a recess sized to receive at least a portion of the bushing within the recess. The bur is configured to be coupled to the driveshaft within the recess.

Abstract: A drill bit for drilling into bone, including at least a first, second and third longitudinally extending substantially straight flute blades, wherein the drill bit has an extrapolated outer profile established by rotation of the first, second and third flute blades 360 degrees about a longitudinal axis thereof, the extrapolated outer profile includes a first surface having tangents more perpendicular than parallel to the longitudinal axis, and the extrapolated outer profile includes a second surface having tangents more parallel than perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A discectomy tool comprising: a) a cannula having an outer surface having a longitudinal bore therein, a proximal end and a distal end; b) a steering wire disposed in the longitudinal bore; c) a flexible, hollow transmission shaft disposed in the cannula, the shaft having a throughbore, a proximal end portion, a distal end portion and an outer surface having a thread extending therefrom; d) an irrigation source fluidly connected to the throughbore; e) a cutting tip attached to the distal end portion of the transmission shaft.

Abstract: A method is for operating a hand-held power tool that includes an electric motor. The method includes determining a signal of an operating parameter of the electric motor; determining an application class at least partly on the basis of the signal of the operating parameter; and providing comparative information at least partly on the basis of the application class including (i) providing at least one model-signal form, and (ii) providing a threshold value for correspondence. The model-signal form can be assigned to an established state in the progress of the work performed by the hand-held power tool. The method further includes comparing the signal of the operating parameter with the model-signal form and determining a correspondence evaluation from the comparison. The correspondence evaluation is at least partly based on the threshold value for correspondence.

Abstract: A handheld surgical instrument includes a motor that transmits rotational movement to a drill bit of the handheld surgical instrument. The drill bit extends through a depth measurement module with a depth measurement extension, and a cannula, which extends forward from the drill to measure bore depth. The depth measurement extension is moveably mounted to the drill so as to extend into the rotor bore of the motor. As the drill advances forward, the depth measurement extension remains static. As a result of the advancement of the drill, the rotor extends over the proximal end of the depth measurement extension. A controller is configured to determine a breakthrough time and a breakthrough displacement of the drill bit based on displacement data and derived signals. The controller is further configured to determine a proper length of a screw to be used in a fixation surgical procedure based on the displacement data.

Abstract: An acetabular reamer handle including a shaft having a distal end, a neck part having a longitudinal axis, a driveline extending through the shaft and the neck part, and a locking mechanism. A distally located head part of the driveline is mounted for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the neck part and is connectable to a reamer. The distal end of the shaft and a proximal end of the neck part are pivotally attached to allow the shaft to be tilted relative to the longitudinal axis. The tilting can allow part of the acetabulum and/or reamer that is otherwise obscured to be viewed. The locking mechanism includes an engagement member having an engagement surface located at the distal end of the shaft. The engagement member is moveable distally to urge the engagement surface against the proximal end of the neck part.

Abstract: Methods and instruments for placement of orthopedic implants in bones of a patient. The placement may include selective placement of the implant relative to structure of the bone using a measurement system that may detect interfaces between layers of the bone. The orthopedic implants may be engaged by various embodiments of chucks. The chucks may include structure for engaging indexing features of a corresponding orthopedic implant to restrict movement of the implant relative to the chuck along a working axis. The chucks may allow for use of an instrument having a measurement system for accurate and repeatable placement of the implants using the instrument.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for bone stabilization, especially ulna head stabilization. The stabilization system may include a bone plate having an elongated portion extending along a longitudinal axis between a proximal end and a distal end. The bone plate defines a plurality of through holes extending through the elongated portion. A plurality of fasteners are configured to extend through one or more of the plurality of through holes in the bone plate and configured to secure the bone plate to the bone. The proximal end of the elongate portion has an arcuate configuration.

Abstract: Methods and devices for consistently and accurately controlling the depth of the graft tunnel. A sheath is inserted into the bone until a stop member on the sheath contacts the bone. A cutting member is then deployed to drill a larger bore in the tunnel until making contact with the distal end of the sheath. The cutting member may be drawn retrograde within the tunnel, or driven antegrade from an opening opposite the opening in which the sheath resides. The drill and the sheath can then be removed, leaving the tunnel that includes a tunnel portion sized to fit a graft so that the graft fits tightly within the tunnel portion and is flush with the opening of the tunnel.

Abstract: A surgical instrument employs a mass-spring system to drive the periodic reversal of the rotational direction of a bone dissection head. The instrument comprises a housing, a harmonic oscillator contained in the housing, an output member at least partially received in the housing and configured to be driven by the harmonic oscillator to reversibly rotate about a longitudinal axis in alternating directions, a dissection head having an attachment portion configured to be selectively driven in alternating rotational directions by the output member to remove material from a target bone, and a controller operable to initiate and stop the harmonic oscillator.

Abstract: Cutting instruments and related methods are disclosed herein in which the diameter of the retrograde cutting blade can be adjusted to any of a plurality of diameter settings, allowing the same instrument to be used to form holes of different diameters. The limit diameter can be preset such that, during the cutting operation, the user need not be concerned with selecting the appropriate diameter, but rather can simply deploy the cutting blade until the preset limit is reached. Cutting instruments are also disclosed in which the retrograde cutting blade is distinct from the forward drilling tip and protected within a cavity formed in the body of the instrument when not in use, as are instruments in which the user is given visual and/or tactile feedback to confirm desired positioning of the cutting blade.

Abstract: Endodontic instruments are used to clean and enlarge the endodontic cavity space (ECS), also known as the root canal system, of a human tooth. This document describes novel endodontic instruments that are radially compressible, and methods for their use. Some embodiments include a shank and a body with a working surface. At least a portion of the working surface may define a center of mass path that spirals. The center of mass of a transverse cross-section of the working surface at the shank end can be offset from the axis of rotation of the instrument.

Abstract: Assemblies, systems, and methods are directed at a neuromonitoring bone drill bit. The assembly may include a surgical bone drill bit, a neuromonitoring connection in electrical communication with the drill bit, and a shield extending over a distal end of the drill bit. The shield may be configured to withdraw proximally as the drill bit is advanced into a subject's bone. The assembly may be connected to a surgical drill and used in a surgical spinal procedure. In operation, the assembly may be advanced to a subject's bone at a surgical site and the drill bit may rotate into the subject's bone. In response, the shield may engage the bone and the drill bit may be advanced with respect to the shield. The shield may electrically insulate tissue from electrical current passing through the drill bit as it is inserted at the surgical site.

Abstract: A tissue collection and processing system for collecting bone fragments and tissue aspirated from a bone. The tissue collection and processing system includes a collection vessel, a collection vessel cap, a processing piston, a first tubing and a fluid withdrawal mechanism. The collection vessel has an opening formed therein to receive bone fragments and tissue aspirated from the bone. The collection vessel cap is capable of engaging the collection vessel to substantially seal the opening. The collection vessel cap or the collection vessel has a first port. The processing piston has an upper surface and a lower surface. The processing piston has a connection port and a bore. The connection port is proximate the upper surface. The bore is fluidly connected to the connection port and extends toward the lower surface. The processing piston has a density that is less than a density of fluid in the aspirated bone fragments and tissue.

Abstract: A surgical power drill system includes a housing unit, a driving unit, a tool holder, and a screw member. The driving unit is movably mounted in the housing unit and includes a motor and a motor shaft coupled to the motor. The driving unit is movable relative to the housing unit between a distal position, where the driving unit is distal from a front end of the housing unit, and a proximate position, where the driving unit is proximate to the front end of the housing unit. The tool holder is coupled to a first end portion of the motor shaft. The screw member is coupled to a second end portion of the motor shaft.

Abstract: Apparatus for mounting in a bone of a patient, consisting of a rigid elongated member having an axis of symmetry and a distal section, a proximal section, and an intermediate section connecting the distal and proximal sections. The apparatus has n helical blades, formed in the distal section, distributed symmetrically about the axis, each of the blades having a helix angle greater than zero and less than 45°. A cross-section of the distal section, taken orthogonally to the axis of symmetry, includes n mirror planes containing the axis of symmetry, wherein n is a whole number greater than one, and wherein the blades are configured to penetrate into the bone and engage stably therein. Adapters coupling the apparatus to different types of markers are also described.

Abstract: A surgical handpiece system for performing measurement functions and surgical operations. The system includes a handpiece assembly. The handpiece has a handpiece housing and a drive cannula rotatably coupled to the handpiece housing. The drive cannula extends along an axis and is configured to receive torque from a motor. A surgical attachment module has an attachment housing removably coupleable to the handpiece housing. The surgical attachment module has a drive shaft rotatably coupled to the surgical attachment housing and configured to receive torque from the drive cannula to operate an end effector. A measurement module has a measurement housing removably coupleable to the handpiece housing. The measurement module is configured to perform measurement functions associated with operation of the handpiece assembly.

Abstract: Methods of harvesting cancellous bone and bone marrow include extracting loosened cancellous bone and bone marrow—including a liquid component thereof—to a collection container that has a first cup and a suction port to which a suction source is connected. After extraction, the suction source is disconnected and a lid of the collection container is removed and replaced with a lid having a plunger with a press head that is configured to filter the extracted liquid by depressing the plunger toward a bottom of the first cup. The filtered liquid is poured through a suction port into a second cup while depressing the plunger, thereby separating the liquid from a semi-solid mass of cancellous bone that remains. The bone is extracted through a cortical opening in the femur, tibia, or calcaneus, or from an intermedullary canal that is preferably formed by reaming of the tibia using an orthopedic reamer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an articular joint replacement system. The system has first and second components. Each component has a tapered head piece for covering the end of a bone and for acting as an articular surface, an integrally formed screw stem having a length sufficient to extend into the medullary canal, and inwardly angled bone grips affixed to the underside of the head piece to allow solid fixation to the bone by compression press fit. The head piece of the first component is provided with a shaped exterior surface which complements the shaped exterior surface of the head piece of the second component and which allows motion in three planes.

Abstract: A system for decorticating at least one bone surface includes an elongated soft tissue protector, an elongated drive shaft and a cutter. The elongated soft tissue protector has a bore extending therethrough. The bore has a non-circular lateral cross-section, a maximum lateral extent and a minimum lateral extent. The cutter may be located on or near a distal end of the drive shaft. The cutter has a non-circular lateral cross-section, a maximum lateral extent and a minimum lateral extent. The maximum lateral extent of the cutter is greater than the minimum lateral extent of the bore but is no greater than the maximum lateral extent of the bore. The bore of the soft tissue protector is configured to slidably receive the cutter therethrough. Other systems and methods for decorticating at least one bone surface are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for verifying an osteotomy trajectory includes a straight rod portion extending along a first axis in a first direction, a sliding arm slidably coupled to the straight rod portion and configured to slide along a sliding direction on the straight rod portion along the first axis. The sliding arm may include a sliding portion slidably coupled to the straight rod portion to slide along the sliding direction, a pointing portion including a tip protruded along a second axis in a second direction, the second axis being at least substantially parallel to the first axis, and an extending portion having a first side attached to the sliding portion and a second side attached to the pointing portion. The apparatus further includes a fixed arm coupled to the straight rod portion and configured to mount a drill thereon to point the drill along the second axis toward the tip.

Abstract: A surgical instrument (25), in particular a surgical cutting or drilling instrument, the surgical instrument (25) comprising: a drive unit; a cutting tool or drill bit (5) engageable with the drive unit; a measuring device (1) which is configured to measure the distance [x(t)] covered by the cutting tool or drill bit (5) along a cutting or drilling path with respect to time and relative to a reference position; a processing un and a digital data storage, wherein in the digital data storage reference data are stored which include at least N one data set specifying a reference graph GRef within a time window (11) in the range of a transition and defining a reference point of a transition (21?), wherein the time window (11) includes a first time period before the reference point of a transition (21?) and a second time period after the reference point of a transition (21?) and wherein the processing unit (14) suitably programmed to compare the recorded graph G with the at least one reference graph GRef and to fin

Abstract: A robotic surgical system is provided that includes a robot connected to a computer system to help effect control of the robot. A tool is removably mounted to a distal end of a robot arm. The tool is adapted to selectively grip, move and drive an effector and a coupled fastener. The fastener is used in orthopedic surgery, and the effector is uncoupled from the fastener after it is inserted in a patient.

Abstract: A flexible tube insertion support apparatus includes a generation section configured to generate propriety information regarding a propriety of a twisting operation of a flexible tube in accordance with a force quantity of an external force applied to the flexible tube when the flexible tube is twisted in a counterclockwise direction or a clockwise direction around a central axis of the flexible tube. The external force is detected by at least one external force detector that is disposed on the flexible tube to be inserted into the subject and configured to detect the external force. The flexible tube insertion support apparatus also includes an output section configured to output the propriety information generated by the generation section.

Abstract: A disc preparation instrument for use in fusing spinal vertebrae comprises a modular scoring trial and a depth stop releasably attached to the scoring trial. The trial includes an elongate stem supporting a trial device at its distal tip. The trial device is insertable into a disc space and includes a rotatable rasp for scoring opposing vertebral endplates at a scored location. A stop, sized to engage an exterior surface of the vertebrae, is movable on the depth stop stem by rotation of an adjustment knob to a plurality of selectable distances between the proximal end of the trial device and the movable stop. An actuator releasably attached to the trial is operable to rotate the rasp. A plurality of modular trials, each having a trial device of different heights may be provided in a kit. Each scoring trial is selectively releasably attachable to a single depth stop.

Abstract: A system, method and/or reamer driver device provides a driver which has a mean for remotely connect or disconnect (release) the reamer without having to manipulate a release sleeve located close to the surgical tool connector. The surgical reamer driver has a transmission drive train, a housing assembly enclosing the transmission drive train and a locking surgical tool connector. The driver further includes a device for remotely inducing relative movement of the transmission drive assembly with respect to at least a portion of the housing assembly to activate locking and unlocking of the locking surgical tool connector.

Abstract: A handpiece for a handheld surgical instrument having a motor and a heatsink is provided. The motor is within a motor housing and the heat sink is disposed around and thermally coupled with the motor housing. The handpiece is formed from a material having a first thermal conductivity and the heat sink has a second thermal conductivity that is greater in value than the first thermal conductivity of the material of the handpiece. The heat sink is configured to dissipate heat from the motor during operation of the motor to the handpiece.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to assemblies and methods for repairing bone defects. The assemblies disclosed herein may be utilized for determining a dimension of a surgical site and removing bone prior to positioning a graft and/or implant at the surgical site.

Abstract: A surgical instrument system (1) for treatment of an anatomical structure (3, 5) comprises an instrument (8) and/or a patient specific instrument (2, 4) for performing the treatment on the anatomical structure. The instrument (8) and/or the patient specific instrument (2, 4) comprises an integrated measurement system (20, 40, 80) for tracking the instrument (8) and/or the patient specific instrument (2, 4) relative to the anatomical structure (3, 5), whereby the integrated measurement system comprises a tracking system (6, 10), which comprises a shadow imaging tracking system.

Abstract: Surgical constructs that at least one fixation device, at least one flexible strand the forms at least one adjustable loop, and a self-locking mechanism, and methods of tissue repair using the same.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for microfracture (e.g., forming a plurality of microfractures in a bone to encourage cartilage regeneration). Some of the present apparatuses and methods are configured to create microfractures with smaller transverse dimensions (e.g., diameters) and greater depths than previously known. Some of the present apparatuses and methods comprise a penetrator removal tab coupled to the penetrator and configured to retract the penetrator relative to the cannula.

Abstract: A surgical system for use in correcting hammer toe or otherwise straightening toes or fusing other bones to one another includes a male drill bit and a female drill bit, as well as an absorbable pin. The male and female drill bits are configured to define complementary features from opposed, or facing, ends of bones that are to be fused to one another. The male and female drill bits may also be configured to define channels through the lengths of the bones that are to be fused to one another, with the channels being configured to align and define a continuous channel through the bones when they are assembled. The absorbable pin, which may be absorbed by a subject's body over time, is configured to be positioned in the continuous channel, and may hold the bones in an assembled relationship before and while they fuse to one another.

Abstract: A surgical tool including a socket having a housing and an aperture within the housing, the socket configured to receive a ball and a pin at least partially in the aperture. The ball is positioned at least partially in the socket and configured to rotate within the socket, the ball comprising an elongated opening extending through the ball. The pin is coupled to the socket and disposed at least partially in the socket on opposite sides of the socket, the pin including a first longitudinal axis and extending through the elongated opening of the ball between opposite sides of the socket. The ball is configured to partially rotate about the first longitudinal axis of the pin, and partially rotate, about a second axis perpendicular to the first longitudinal axis of the pin, in a plane aligned with the elongated opening.

Abstract: Methods of cutting bone using a robotic cutting system are provided. The robotic cutting system includes one or more controllers, a robotic manipulator, and one or more cutting tools, such as those including a bur or a saw blade, that can be coupled to the robotic manipulator. An initial cut, such as a notch, is made into the bone with the bur or the saw blade. This notch is then used to constrain the saw blade for limiting skiving of the saw blade during cutting along a cutting plane.

Abstract: A medical or dental device for determining a bone's quality by cutting a thread into the bone with a rotating threaded element comprises a control unit having a measurement circuit configured: (i) to determine values of the motor current via a first electrical contact device with which the motor drive is supplied for rotational drive of the threaded element that can be connected to the motor drive, the current values being a measure of the bone's quality; (ii) to monitor and/or to determine the penetration depth of the threaded element into the bone, and (iii) to generate measurement signals which show the relationship between the penetration depth and the determined current values or parameters derived therefrom, and to transmit these signals to a display unit, which displays the relationship between the determined current values or parameters derived therefrom, in particular the bone's quality, and the penetration depth.

Abstract: Minimally invasive percutaneous methods, devices, and systems for placing guide wires in bones in a desired position and orientation and for facilitating the treatment of fractures such as but not limited to intertrochanteric fractures or other applications such as osteotomies. The methods, devices, and systems may allow for rapid and reproducible placement of a guide wire in a bone. Each degree of freedom may be controlled independently.

Abstract: An access device for accessing an intervertebral disc having an outer shield comprising an access shield with a larger diameter (˜16-30 mm) that reaches from the skin down to the facet line, with an inner shield having a second smaller diameter (˜5-12 mm) extending past the access shield and reaches down to the disc level. This combines the benefits of the direct visual microsurgical/mini open approaches and the percutaneous, “ultra-MIS” techniques.

Abstract: A handle for a surgical tool including a shaft having a proximal end and a distal end with a gripping handle affixed to the proximal end of the shaft. A bushing is attached to the distal end of the shaft, the bushing including a plurality of flexible members circumferentially spaced apart. The handle further includes a sleeve circumscribing the shaft and the bushing. The sleeve is moveable between a first position substantially covering an entirety of the bushing and a second position spaced from a most distal end of the bushing.

Abstract: Described herein are examples of orthopedic reamer heads for preparing a bone to receive an implant, as well as methods of assembling reamer heads. An illustrative example of a modular reamer head can include a body and a cutting system. The body can include a generally dome shape having an outer surface extending from an apex region to a base. The outer surface can have a recess including one or more arcuate channels that extend from the apex region towards the base of the dome. The cutting system can have one or more arcuate elements having cutting elements. One or more arcuate elements can extend from first end portions in the apex region towards second end portions proximate the base. At least a portion of the one or more arcuate elements can be located in the one or more arcuate channels to extend outward beyond the outer surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to material removal instrument for forming cavities in interior body regions, particularly cavities in intervertebral discs and vertebrae. The instrument includes a cannula and a rotation mechanism disposed at least partially within the cannula. A cutting element extends from the rotation mechanism and impacts and dislocates tissue as the rotation mechanism is rotated within the body. Dislocated tissue with withdrawn from the body via the cannula.

Abstract: Disclosed screwdrivers may include a rotatable drive shaft having a drive portion disposed at a distal end thereof, and a drive end disposed at a proximal end thereof. Disclosed screwdrivers may include an angled tip portion that is angled with respect to the longitudinal direction, and a mechanism configured to transfer a rotational force applied to the drive portion of the drive shaft through the angled tip portion to the drive end of the drive shaft. Disclosed screwdrivers may include an elastic retaining clip configured to have a bone screw securely attached therein at a clipping force and progressively release the bone screw therein at an extraction force. Disclosed screwdrivers may include at least one spring contacting the elastic retaining clip and the angled tip portion that is configured to facilitate the progressive release of the bone screw.

Abstract: A handheld surgical instrument includes a motor that transmits rotational movement to a drill bit of the handheld surgical instrument. The drill bit extends through a depth measurement module with a depth measurement extension, and a cannula, which extends forward from the drill to measure bore depth. The depth measurement extension is moveably mounted to the drill so as to extend into the rotor bore of the motor. As the drill advances forward, the depth measurement extension remains static. As a result of the advancement of the drill, the rotor extends over the proximal end of the depth measurement extension. A controller is configured to determine a breakthrough time and a breakthrough displacement of the drill bit based on displacement data and derived signals. The controller is further configured to determine a proper length of a screw to be used in a fixation surgical procedure based on the displacement data.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a housing, an outer shaft, an inner shaft, a trial sizer, a rod, and a head. The outer shaft is operatively coupled with the housing such that rotation of the housing causes axial displacement of the outer shaft. The outer shaft includes a keel cutter configured to form a channel in a vertebral body. The inner shaft disposed within the outer shaft. The trial sizer is configured to be received in intervertebral space. The trial sizer includes a pair of wings transitionable between a retracted position and an extended position in which the pair of wings extends transversely outward. The head is connected to the rod, wherein the head is operatively coupled with the pair of wings such that axial displacement of the rod causes transition of the pair of wings between the retracted and extended positions.

Abstract: Measurement of a leading edge of an instrument passing from a first medium having a first density to a second medium having a second density using a displacement sensor alone. In particular, a displacement signal, a velocity signal, and an acceleration signal measured from or derived from a displacement sensor are analyzed to determine when the leading edge of the instrument passes from the first material to the second material as the leading edge of the instrument is advanced relative to the material. For instance, the measurement may be used to output an occurrence signal that indicates to a user that the instrument has passed from the first medium to the second medium. Additionally, a length measurement of the path of the instrument when passing from the first medium to the second medium may be recorded, and/or the instrument may be controlled (e.g., the instrument may be stopped).

Abstract: A drill assembly for creating a reverse counterbore bone tunnel while increasing bone preservation. The drill assembly including a housing having an actuation mechanism and a cannulated shaft connected to the actuation mechanism. The drill assembly also includes a rigid rod extending through the cannulated shaft. Engaging the actuation mechanism moves the cannulated shaft along the rigid rod. The drill assembly additionally includes a distal tip connected to the cannulated shaft and the rigid rod. Proximal movement of the cannulated shaft along the rigid rod causes the distal tip to rotate from a first configuration to a second configuration. In the second configuration, the distal tip extends at an angle relative to the cannulated shaft.