Abstract: A process and a control system are disclosed for continuous cooling of a condensable process stream by the integration of a sorption cooling section for producing a chilled stream therewith. The condensable process stream is cooled with a cooled hot exit stream from the sorption cooling section to provide a hot working fluid stream to desorb an adsorption zone in the sorption cooling zone. A cold working fluid stream comprising a condensed portion of the condensable stream is passed to the sorption cooling section to facilitate adsorption in another adsorption zone in the sorption cooling section and a warm exit stream is withdrawn. The hot exit stream and the warm exit stream are cross-exchanged to smooth out the temperature variations which reduce the size and operating cost of producing the chilled stream.

Abstract: A heat pump using zeolite as an adsorbent wherein thermal energy from adsorbent zeolite in one hermetically sealed space is used to heat desorbing zeolite located in another hermetically sealed space, such heat being conveyed by heat exchanger conduits containing a heat transfer fluid which, before heating the desorbed zeolite, has its temperature increased to within a range of about 200.degree. F. (93.degree. C.) to 400.degree. F. (205.degree. C.) by a gas flame or other heat source, the adsorption and desorption phases being changed between the zeolites in each cycle by reversing the fluid flow in the conduits. Cooling and heating for a building or other purposes are provided through the condenser and evaporator respectively for the working gas (water) which is desorbed and adsorbed into the zeolites.

Abstract: An electronic refrigerant compressing apparatus comprises two or more compressing portions coupled in parallel to one another, which repeats the heating and cooling of the refrigerant circulating the refrigerant cycle at an interval of a predetermined time. Each of the compressing portions is provided with the cylindrical body having the refrigerant charged therein, the refrigerant pipe coiled around its body, the refrigerant heating load mounted in close to the refrigerant pipe for increasing the pressure of the refrigerant, the solenoid valve mounted at the inlet and outlet if the refrigerant, which is opened/closed according to the control of the microcomputer and means for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant, in which one side of the body and the refrigerant pipe is connected through the solenoid valve and the refrigerant outlet to the condenser as part of the refrigerant cycle, and the other side is connected through the check valve to the evaporator.

Abstract: An (n)th adsorber and (n+1)th adsorber among a plurality of adsorbers in an adsorption process are connected thermally in series, and adsorbent of the (n)th adsorber which is a previous stage is cooled by adsorption of refrigerant by adsorbent of the (n+1)th adsorber which is a subsequent stage. That is to say, adsorbent of a first-stage adsorber on the left-hand side which adsorbs vapor of refrigerant such as water which exits from an evaporator is strongly cooled by adsorption of vapor from refrigerant such as water which flows through a cooling pipe by adsorbent of a second-stage adsorber on the right-hand side, large adsorption capacity is imparted by a reduction in temperature, and as a result, the evaporator demonstrates large refrigeration capacity. Consequently, a compact adsorptive type refrigeration apparatus which demonstrates large refrigeration capacity while having a compact adsorber and using a comparatively small quantity of adsorbent is provided.

Abstract: An improved absorption cycle apparatus and system using aqueous solutions of metal salts selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, nitrites, and alkaline earth and transition metal hydroxides, halides, thiocyanates, and mixtures thereof between about 14% and about 30%, by weight, of said metal salt, of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, alkaline glycol ethers, aliphatic amines and alkanol amines.

Abstract: A sorption method and sorption medium container arrangement utilizes two sorption medium containers and at least one heat exchanger for use with each sorption medium container for absorbing or emitting heat. Each sorption medium container is filled with a sorption medium that can adsorb an operating medium by releasing heat and can desorb or expel the operating medium by absorbing heat. The sorption medium container arrangement also includes steam sources or steam troughs which are connected to the sorption medium containers. The steam source or trough is designed to provide or receive operating medium steam. A heat carrier medium flows through the heat exchanger of the first sorption medium container during a first partial operation phase wherein the sorption medium is cooled and the first sorption medium container is heated.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for staging solid-vapor complex compounds comprises heat exchange means for transferring heat from super-heated refrigerant vapor from a desorbing reactor to cooled refrigerant vapor directed to an adsorbing reactor. In another embodiment a liquid subcooler is used to cool liquid refrigerant passing from a condenser to an evaporator with cold refrigerant gas directed to an adsorbing reactor from the evaporator.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for staging solid-vapor complex compounds comprises heat exchange means for transferring heat from super-heated refrigerant vapor from a desorbing reactor to cooled refrigerant vapor directed to an adsorbing reactor. In another embodiment a liquid subcooler is used to cool liquid refrigerant passing from a condenser to an evaporator with cold refrigerant gas directed to an adsorbing reactor from the evaporator.

Abstract: A micro-climate heating/cooling method and apparatus for vests and the like operates with reaction of working fluid, such as water, with an adsorbent material. A lightweight pump is the only moving component needed to provide the desired heating and cooling requirements.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for staging solid-vapor complex compounds comprises heat exchange means for transferring heat from super-heated refrigerant vapor from a desorbing reactor to cooled refrigerant vapor directed to an adsorbing reactor. In another embodiment a liquid subcooler is used to cool liquid refrigerant passing from a condenser to an evaporator with cold refrigerant gas directed to an adsorbing reactor from the evaporator.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a plurality of two or more reaction chambers, each having a different compound therein comprising a solid reactant adsorbent and a gaseous reactant adsorbed thereon, each of said compounds having a different gaseous refrigerant vapor pressure, substantially independent of the concentration of the gaseous reactant, and having an ascending order of gaseous reactant vapor pressure wherein the adsorption temperature of a lower vapor pressure compound at adsorption temperature of a lower vapor pressure compound at adsorption pressure is at least 8.degree..degree.C.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for staging solid-vapor complex compounds comprises heat exchange means for transferring heat from super-heated refrigerant vapor from a desorbing reactor to cooled refrigerant vapor directed to an adsorbing reactor. In another embodiment a liquid subcooler is used to cool liquid refrigerant passing from a condenser to an evaporator with cold refrigerant gas directed to an adsorbing reactor from the evaporator.

Abstract: The use of molecular sieve zeolite for the effective utilization of low-grade heat sources such as solar energy. A system includes molecular sieve zeolite and a low pressure polar gaseous fluid adapted to be adsorbed by the zeolite which is in a closed container and circuit which includes a condenser and a gas expansion cooler member. When the container is heated, a gas is given off from the zeolite, cooled in a condenser, and thereafter expanded for cooling purposes. In one embodiment, the cooled gas is received in a further container having the zeolite therein and subsequently, upon cooling of the first container, the gaseous fluid may be returned thereto via again a condenser and gas expansion cooler member to provide further cooling. In another embodiment, zeolite is formed by sintering same to form a pressure resistant divider across the container.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of rapidly cooling or freezing a composition comprising a walled housing member having a cooling chamber and a door for accessing the cooling chamber from the exterior of the housing, an evaporator and a blower for circulating cold air from the evaporator to the cooling chamber, first and second reactors each containing a complex compound consisting of a metal salt and ammonia adsorbed thereon, heaters in the reactors for heating the complex compound, and valves and conduits for directing ammonia from the evaporator to the reactors, from the reactors to the condenser, and from the condenser to the evaporator, and control means for sequentially operating the heaters for alternately heating the complex compounds in the reactors, operating the air handling means and one or more of the valves, and switching means for turning the apparatus on and off.

Abstract: A method of transferring and recovering energy comprises placing in different reactors two or more different solid adsorbents having a gaseous reactant adsorbed thereon and each having a different gaseous reactant vapor pressure, in a first reaction cycle, pressurizing a first portion of the reactors at a first pressure to desorb the gaseous reactant in an endothermic reaction, and pressurizing a second portion of the reactors at a second pressure to adsorb the gaseous reactant in an exothermic reaction, and in a second reaction cycle, pressurizing the first portion of the reactors at the second pressure to adsorb the gaseous reactant in an exothermic reaction, and pressurizing the second portion of the reactors at the first pressure to desorb the gaseous reactant in an endothermic reaction, and directing at least a portion of the heat released during the exothermic reactions or at least a portion of heat adsorbed during the endothermic reactions to heat exchange means for energy recovery.

Abstract: A method of transferring and recovering energy comprises placing in different reactors two or more different solid adsorbents having a gaseous reactant adsorbed thereon and each having a different gaseous reactant vapor pressure, in a first reaction cycle, pressurizing a first portion of the reactors at a first pressure to desorb the gaseous reactant in an endothermic reaction, and pressurizing a second portion of the reactors at a second pressure to adsorb the gaseous reactant in an exothermic reaction, and in a second reaction cycle, pressurizing the first portion of the reactors at the second pressure to adsorb the gaseous reactant in an exothermic reaction, and pressurizing the second portion of the reactors at the first pressure to desorb the gaseous reactant in an endothermic reaction, and directing at least a portion of the heat released during the exothermic reactions or at least a portion of heat absorbed during the endothermic reactions to heat exchange means for energy recovery.

Abstract: A method of transferring and recovering energy comprises selecting a plurality of two or more different compounds comprising a solid reactant adsorbent and a gaseous reactant adsorbed thereon, each of said compounds having a different gaseous reactant vapor pressure, substantially independent of the concentration of the gaseous reactant, locating a first set of the different compounds in a first reactor and a second set of the different compounds in a second reactor, pressurizing the first reactor at a first pressure and the second reactor at a second pressure, supplying a heat transfer fluid at a first temperature along the first reactor in thermal communication with the first set of compounds, whereby said compounds desorb said gaseous reactant in endothermic reactions, supplying a heat transfer fluid at a second temperature, typically lower than the first temperature, along second reactor in thermal communication with the second set of compounds, whereby the compounds adsorb the gaseous reactant in exother

Abstract: A method of operating an adsorption refrigerator comprising two adsorption columns each housing therein a solid adsorbent and heat transfer tubes and sealed with a refrigerant, a condenser, an evaporator, paths for refrigerant connnecting the adsorption columns to the condenser and evaporator so that the refrigerant may be circulated through the columns, and a pipeline equipped with a valve connecting directly the adsorption columns, which method comprises changing over the adsorption columns periodically alternately between adsorption and desorption phases in manner that the one and the other adsorption columns are at opposite phases and that a heat transfer medium on a heat source side and a coolant are routed through alternately in response to desorption and adsorption phases, respectively.

Abstract: Periodic adsorption apparatus with the substance pair zeolite/water being used as electro-heat storage devices. Due to the heat pumping effect there can be a 30% savings of power.

Abstract: An adsorption cooler operating in accordance with the periodical adsorption principle and consisting of at least one adsorption container filled with zeolite. At least one condenser with a collecting container for the water which desorbs from the zeolite and an insulated cooling container which may be closed by a shut-off member are serially connected with the adsorption container. In the cooling container, the adsorption cooler generates ice in stages which acts as a cold buffer. The system is usable for example in solar cooling systems, vehicle air conditioning units and air conditioning insulation as well as beverage coolers.

Abstract: An adsorption refrigeration system comprising adsorption columns housing a solid adsorbent and heat transfer tubes and sealed with a refrigerant, an evaporator, a condenser, and pipe lines connecting them together so that the refrigerant may be circulated, the pipe lines being equipped with valves, preferably, butterfly valves, capable of opening or closing by means of internal pressure difference between the evaporator side and condenser side and driving force of eccentric valve shafts. The system is operated by alternatively changing over adsorption and desorption stages between the one adsorption column(s) and the other column(s) so that both columns may be at mutually reverse stages; shortly before change-over, transferring whole amount of heat remained in the one column(s) immediately before shifting from desorption to adsorption stage to the other column(s) immediately before shifting from adsorption to desorption stage where the preheat the adsorbent and then reversing the stages.

Abstract: A system for storing chemical energy comprises first and second vessels, the first containing a liquid solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, halide, or thiocyanate, or ammonium halide or thiocynate at an initial concentration of between about 30% to abotu 80%, by weight, the second vessel containing liquid, a space about the liquid in each vessel and a conduit communicating between the spaces having a valve for selectively allowing liquid vapor to pass between the spaces, means for heating the solution to a temperature above about 80.degree. F., means for cooling the liquid to a temperature below about 55.degree. F., and heat exchange means for transferring heat from the heated solution and for transferring heat to the cooled liquid. Water is the preferred liquid although ammonia, lower alcohols, and polyols such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, lower aliphatic amines and alkanol amines, and mixtures thereof, may be used.

Abstract: A heat pump method and system with a pair of solid adsorbent beds connected to a heat pump loop and a reversible heat transfer loop. The heat transfer loop has a heater connected between one end of the beds and a cooling heat exchange connects the other end of the beds so that a heat transfer fluid flowing around the heat transfer loop heats one bed and cools the other.

Abstract: A centrifugal absorption heat pump in which the heat released on condensation of the vapor of a first working fluid is used to generate a vapor from a solution of a second working fluid, and/or heat released on absorption of a third working fluid in an absorbent is used to evaporate a fourth working fluid.

Abstract: A heat pump using zeolite as an adsorbent wherein thermal energy from adsorbing zeolite in a one hermetically sealed space is used to heat desorbing zeolite located in another hermetically sealed space, such heat being conveyed by heat exchanger conduits containing a fluid which, before heating the desorbing zeolite, has its temperature increased to about 400.degree. F. by a gas flame, the adsorption and desorption phases being changed between the zeolites in each cycle by reversing the fluid flow in the conduits. Cooling and heating for a building or other purposes are provided through the condenser and evaporator respectively for the working gas (water) which is desorbed and adsorbed into the zeolites. A propagating temperature front is established through the fluid-to-zeolite heat exchanger conduits to provide utilization of as much as ninety percent of thermal energy available during the desorption/adsorption phases.

Abstract: A heat pump system with a pair of solid adsorbent beds connected to a heat pump loop and a reversible heat transfer loop. The heat pump loop has a heater connected between one end of the beds and a cooling heat exchanger connects the other end of the beds so that a heat transfer fluid flowing around the heat transfer loop heats one bed and cools the other with the flow being reversed to cycle the beds and drive the heat pump loop.

Abstract: Molecular seive zeolite to obtain useful energy from low-grade heat sources such as solar energy. Molecular sieve zeolite and a low pressure polar gaseous fluid adapted to be adsorbed by zeolite in a closed container are in a circuit which includes gas condensing and expansion apparatus. In one embodiment, cooled gas is received in another zeolite filled container, upon cooling of the first container, is returned via condensing and expansion apparatus providing more cooling. In another embodiment, sintered zeolite forms a divider across a container; heating one side creates a temperature gradient across the divider which functions as a pump for adsorbed gas and a pressure as well as temperature differential develops across the divider whereupon the heated relatively pressurized gas, after giving up energy in a circuit which may include condensing and expansion apparatus, is returned to the container and again passed through the divider.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the use of heat taken up at low temperature is disclosed wherein a flow of transfer medium is passed through a low temperature heat source to absorb heat. The flow then passes through multiple, sequential stages of a heat pump which successively increase in temperature whereby the flow picks up heat. The flow then releases heat to the heat receiver and subsequently passes through multiple sequential degassing stages of the heat pump. The flow releases evaporation heat and is cooled to a suitable temperature for use in the low temperature heat source. The heat pump preferably includes a two substance mixture provided within a two portion, hermetically sealed chamber.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for the storage and recovery of thel energy by utilizing a medium substance for the storage of heat. The medium substance is a liquid complex of sodium iodide and ammonia, which absorbs heat as latent heat when brought under a reduced partial pressure of ammonia to effect liberation of ammonia and releases the thermal energy as sensible heat when brought under an increased partial pressure of ammonia to absorb ammonia. Different from conventional solid medium substances for storage of heat, the liquid medium proposed is very convenient in handling so that a chemical heat pump with simple structure can be contrived by use of the inventive method.

Abstract: A chemical heat pump system is disclosed for use in heating and cooling structures such as residences or commercial buildings. The system is particularly adapted to utilizing solar energy, but also increases the efficiency of other forms of thermal energy when solar energy is not available. When solar energy is not available for relatively short periods of time, the heat storage capacity of the chemical heat pump is utilized to heat the structure, as during nighttime hours. The design also permits home heating from solar energy when the sun is shining. The entire system may be conveniently rooftop located. In order to facilitate installation on existing structures, the absorber and vaporizer portions of the system may each be designed as flat, thin wall, thin pan vessels which materially increase the surface area available for heat transfer.

Abstract: A chemical heat pump system is disclosed for use in heating and cooling structures such as residences or commercial buildings. The system is particularly adapted to utilizing solar energy, but also increases the efficiency of other forms of thermal energy when solar energy is not available. When solar energy is not available for relatively short periods of time, the heat storage capacity of the chemical heat pump is utilized to heat the structure as during nighttime hours. The design also permits home heating from solar energy when the sun is shining. The entire system may be conveniently rooftop located. In order to facilitate installation on existing structures, the absorber and vaporizer portions of the system may each be designed as flat, thin wall, thin pan vessels which materially increase the surface area available for heat transfer.

Abstract: A space is cooled by gasifying or vaporizing a first, preferably liquid substance in a first container located in said space. The gas or vapor thus formed is conducted into a second container located outside the space and containing a second substance generating a lower gas pressure than said first substance at the same temperature, preferably by being chemically bound thereby. Said gas or vapor is absorbed by the second substance, which shall possess the quality of forming a porous, substantially rigid body in its container after heating or regeneration in vacuum. The second substance is comprised of sodium sulphide, at least as its major ingredient.

Abstract: A system for storing chemical energy comprises first and second vessels, the first containing a liquid solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, halide, or thiocyanate, or ammonium halide or thiocynate at an initial concentration of between about 30% to abotu 80%, by weight, the second vessel containing liquid, a space about the liquid in each vessel and a conduit communicating between the spaces having a valve for selectively allowing liquid vapor to pass between the spaces, means for heating the solution to a temperature above about 80.degree. F., means for cooling the liquid to a temperature below about 55.degree. F., and heat exchange means for transferring heat from the heated solution and for transferring heat to the cooled liquid. Water is the preferred liquid although ammonia, lower alcohols, and polyols such as glycerol, glycols, polyglycols, glycol ethers, lower aliphatic amines and alkanol amines, and mixtures thereof, may be used.