Abstract: Refrigerants containing HCFC's are replaced with new blends by using R-236fa and R-125, or R-125 with R-245fa, or R-236ea, or R-134a with R-236fa in place of HCFC's. No hardware or oil composition changes are required to maintain temperatures, pressures and capacity substantially unchanged in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant in which an odorant is added, the odorant being compatible with refrigerants and refrigerating device oils, and having no reactivity with refrigerating device oils and materials forming refrigerating circuits, and to provide a refrigerating device in which the refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerating circuit.

Abstract: A refrigerating device circulating R32 in a refrigerant circuit as a refrigerant to perform a refrigerating cycle, the refrigerating device comprising a compressor in the refrigerant circuit, a first heat exchanger serving as a condenser, an expansion means and a second heat exchanger serving as an evaporator, wherein a ratio m of an internal volume (Vout) of the first heat exchanger to an internal volume (Vin) of the second heat exchanger is set to be in a range of 0.7≦m≦1.5.

Abstract: Compressors for air conditioning systems may compress fluids that contain a mixture of a refrigerant and a lubricating oil. The lubricating oil may primarily consist of polyvinyl ether (PVE) oil and may be used for an air conditioning system. Such fluids preferably minimize the degradation of the electrical insulation properties of a vehicle air conditioning circuit.

Abstract: A composition comprising (A) 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane(CF2HCF2CFH2) and (B) at least one hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (CF3CH2CF2H) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutane (CF3CF2CF2CF2H) is described. The composition is useful as a refrigerant and may be used in chillers as a replacement for refrigerant R-11.

Abstract: Refrigerants containing R-22 are replaced with new blends by using R-125, or R-125 with R-124, or R-218, or R-218 with R-124, in place of R-22. No hardware or oil composition changes are required to maintain temperatures, pressures and capacity substantially unchanged in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: A compressor (11), a four-way switching valve (12), an outdoor heat exchanger (13), an expansion valve (14) and an indoor heat exchanger (15) are sequentially connected together through gas piping (31) and liquid piping (32), thereby forming a refrigerant circuit (10). The refrigerant circuit (10) is filled with an R32 single refrigerant or an R32/R125 mixed refrigerant containing at least 75% by weight of R32. Synthetic oil is used as refrigerating machine oil. When the rated cooling capacity is 5 kW or less, the liquid piping (32) is formed from piping having an inner diameter of less than 4.75 mm.

Abstract: In order to magnify capacity control of a refrigeration cycle for an increased efficiency and achievement of compactness, the refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger on a side of a heat source, a liquid receiver, a heat exchanger on a side of use, and an electronic expansion valve, all of which are connected other by pipes, and comprises a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle and being a non-azeotropic refrigerant, a second liquid receiver for taking out a refrigerant vapor from an upper portion of the liquid receiver to condense and store the refrigerant, and a pipe connecting the second liquid receiver to the liquid receiver via a shut-off valve.

Abstract: In a process for refrigeration in the 65 to 150 K temperature range, in which the refrigerant is compressed using an oil-lubricated compressor, then cooled to ambient temperature and then oil is removed from the refrigerant before the refrigerant is fed to a Joule Thomson heat exchanger, the refrigerant is additionally cooled after it has been cooled to ambient temperature and before it enters the Joule Thomson heat exchanger. In a device for refrigeration in the 65 to 150 K temperature range, which has an oil-lubricated compressor for compressing a refrigerant, an aftercooler connected downstream for cooling the refrigerant to ambient temperature, a device following on from this for removing oil from the refrigerant and a Joule Thomson countercurrent heat exchanger connected downstream of the device for removing the oil, an oil condenser is arranged between the aftercooler and the Joule Thomson countercurrent heat exchanger.

Abstract: Moisture in a refrigeration circuit is absorbed by means of a polyvinyl ether oil that has hygroscopicity and serves as a refrigerating machine oil. Therefore, even if a compressor comes to have an elevated temperature attributed to the employment of a refrigerant made of a single substance of R32, the insulating film of the built-in motor of the compressor is hard to hydrolyze. Moreover, by setting a saturated moisture amount of polyvinyl ether at a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80% to 5000 ppm or more, a tensile strength retention rate of the motor insulating film made of PET or PEN, which can easily be processed, can be set to 50% or more, by which the deterioration of the insulating film can be prevented. Therefore, the performance of the refrigerating apparatus can be stabilized for a long term by avoiding the breakdown of the compressor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to obtain a good refrigerator using polyvinyl ether oil as a refrigerator oil, which is compatible with a hydrofluorocarbon type refrigerant not containing chlorine (such as R134a) without suffering conventional problems. A refrigerator of the present invention comprises a refrigerating cycle using a hydrofluorocarbon type refrigerant not containing chlorine or a refrigerant mixture thereof, with a refrigerator oil compatible with the refrigerant sealed, wherein the refrigerator oil comprises a polyvinyl ether type compound having a structural unit represented by the general formula (1) as the main component, with a pour point of −40° C. or less, a two-liquid separation temperature of −20° C. or less, a total acid number of 0.02 mgKOH/g or less, a viscosity of 8 to 100 cst at 40° C.

Abstract: A regenerative type of refrigeration system recirculates a mixture of R-134a, R-32 and R-125 through first and second series condensers. In order to increase the concentration of the high-boiling point R-134a, the liquid output of a liquid-vapor separator receives a super-heated mixture vapor tapped from the output of the compressor. An adjustable valve controls the amount of the super heated mixture vapor which is injected to vary the concentration of R-134a in the recirculation line. Liquified R-134a passes through a secondary expansion valve and a secondary evaporator, reducing to an intermediate pressure, and enters a vortex tube, thus bypassing the main evaporator. Subsequently, the suction pressure of the compressor increases, increasing the EER of the refrigeration system. The recirculating concept is also applicable to a single refrigerant system.

Abstract: A supply canister is partially filled with a refrigerant circuit additive fluid which is partially evacuated, said refrigerant circuit additive fluid is comprised of a combination of a binding azeotrope of methanol and cyclohexanone with a drying agent, a metal sealant and a rubber rejuvinating compound in a single container. Additive fluids from the canister may be placed into the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioning system by (1) connecting the canister to the circuit after it has been emptied and vacuum pressure created therein, (2) connecting the canister to the refrigerant circuit suction line during system operation, or (3) connecting the canister to the suction line with the system off, to thereby force refrigerant from the circuit into the canister, and then starting the system to cause the vacuum pressure in the suction line to draw the contents of the canister into the refrigerant circuit.

Abstract: In an air conditioner including a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a pressure-reducing mechanism, an indoor heat exchanger and an accumulator which are successively connected to one another to construct a loop-like refrigerant circuit, non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant composed of first refrigerant having a high boiling point and second refrigerant having a low boiling point being filled in the refrigerant circuit and the flow of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant being inverted between cooling operation and heating operation by operating the four-way valve, when one of the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger serves as an evaporator, the first refrigerant of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is stocked in the accumulator while the second refrigerant of the non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerant circuit, thereby increasing the refrigerant pressure in the evaporator.

Abstract: A thermal transportation method utilizes polyvinyl alcohol which is added to a liquid, and the liquid is cooled to form an ice slurry that is pumped through a pipe to effect the thermal transportation.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which comprise: (a) pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluoro-cyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 35% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least about 30% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) n-butane, in an amount from about 2.3 to about 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: Novel vapor compression evaporative cooling systems which use water as a refrigerant are provided, as are methods for using same. Also provided are novel compressors, compressor components, and means for removing noncondensibles useful in such cooling systems.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide/cofluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the cofluid. The mixture includes from 50% to 95% cofluid and from 5% to 50% carbon dioxide. The cofluid is selected so that the mixture falls within region A of the plot of pvap versus &Dgr;hsoln shown in FIG. 3. The &Dgr;hsoln of the mixture is the differential heat of solution of the carbon dioxide in the cofluid at 5 wt % and 0° C. The pvap of the mixture is the vapor pressure of the carbon dioxide over the solution at 20 wt % and 40° C.

Abstract: A porous bronze 1b and a resin 1c impregnated in pores of the porous bronze 1b formed on a backing metal 1a constitute a bearing 1. At a surface to be brought into contact with a crank shaft 5, porous bronze 1b and resin 1c are sparsely exposed. Ratio of area of exposure of porous bronze 1b at the contact surface 1d is at least 5% and at most 60%. Thus a bearing for a refrigerating compressor having high seizure resistance at the time of boundary lubrication and having small amount of wear caused by sliding as well as a refrigerating compressor employing the same can be obtained.

Abstract: A composition for cleaning and lubricating automotive air conditioners contains a polyol ester lubricant, an antiwear and extreme pressure additive, and a solvent mixture of tetrafluoroethane and 2,3-dihydroperfluoropentane. An automotive air conditioning system and a method of its cleaning and operation with the cleaning and lubricating composition present in the system are presented.

Abstract: A regenerative type of refrigeration system recirculates a mixture of R-134a, R-32 and R-125 through first and second series condensers. In order to increase the concentration of the high-boiling point R-134a, the liquid output of a liquid-vapor separator receives a super-heated mixture vapor tapped from the output of the compressor. An adjustable valve controls the amount of the super heated mixture vapor which is injected to vary the concentration of R-134a in the recirculation line. Liquified R-134a passes through a secondary expansion valve and a secondary evaporator, reducing to an intermediate pressure, and enters a vortex tube, thus bypassing the main evaporator. Subsequently, the suction pressure of the compressor increases, increasing the EER of the refrigeration system. The recirculating concept is also applicable to a single refrigerant system.

Abstract: An ice cream vending machine prevents loss of cool air when the vending machine is not in vending operation by closing a passage of a guide member. The vending machine includes a cooling system, a freezing chamber cooled by the cooling system, a canister arranged within the freezing chamber, for holding a bead type ice cream, a cup supplying device arranged outside of the freezing chamber, for supplying a cup for holding the bead type ice cream, an ice cream discharging device for discharging the bead type ice cream from the canister, a guide member having a passage for guiding the ice cream discharged by the ice cream discharging device into the cup, and an opening/closing device for selectively opening and closing a passage of the guide member. An actuator device of the opening/closing device means may comprise a resilient member.

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a singular scroll compressor, a condenser and a compressor. The system is charged with R410A refrigerant. The system finds particular use in an environment testing and conditioning apparatus having means to deliver conditioned air efficiently to a test chamber. The apparatus comprises the test chamber and an air plenum chamber.

Abstract: Refrigerants containing HCFC's are replaced with new blends by using R-236fa and R-125, or R-125 with R-245fa, or R-236ea, or R-134a with R-236fa in place of HCFC's. No hardware or oil composition changes are required to maintain temperatures, pressures and capacity substantially unchanged in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: In order to magnify capacity control of a refrigeration cycle for an increased efficiency and achievement of compactness, the refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger on a side of a heat source, a liquid receiver, a heat exchanger on a side of use, and an electronic expansion valve, all of which are connected other by pipes, and comprises a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle and being a non-azeotropic refrigerant, a second liquid receiver for taking out a refrigerant vapor from an upper portion of the liquid receiver to condense and store the refrigerant, and a pipe connecting the second liquid receiver to the liquid receiver via a shut-off valve.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator oil composition comprising a refrigerant that comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) as the essential component, and an ester-based lubricating oil composition; wherein the ratio of refrigerant/lubricating oil composition falls between 99/1 and 10/90 by weight. The refrigerator oil composition has good lubricity and sealability and can be stably used for a long period of time in a compression refrigeration cycle in which is used a refrigerant comprising CO2 as the essential component. Also provided is a method of using the composition for lubricating a compression refrigeration cycle equipped with an oil separator and/or a hot gas line.

Abstract: A heat source unit and refrigerant used in an existing refrigeration system are replaced with new refrigerant and a new heat source unit which employs the new refrigerant and is equipped with an oil separator and extraneous-matter trapping means. An indoor unit of the existing refrigeration system may be used, in its present form, or replaced with a new indoor unit. Further, connecting pipes used for the existing refrigeration are reused. After replacement of refrigerant, the refrigeration system performs an ordinary operation after having performed a cleaning operation. The extraneous-matter trapping means is provided in a refrigerant pipe close to the heat source unit or in a bypass channel connected to the refrigerant pipe close to the heat source unit. Alternatively, only the heat source unit of the existing refrigeration system is replaced with a new one, and there is employed refrigeration oil which has no mutual solubility with respect to HFC or has very low mutual solubility.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a method for modifying a vending machine to provide a vending machine for storing product at a temperature no greater than −40 degrees Celsius. The method of the invention includes the steps of replacing an existing refrigeration compressor with a different compressor having a higher compression and replacing an existing refrigerant with a more efficient refrigerant. Then, the length of an existing capillary tube was increased (preferably to approximately 21 inches). Finally, a new thermostat capable of achieving a −40 Celsius set point. In addition, in the preferred embodiment, the pre-existing thermostat was rewired into a safety switch, which is operable to disable the vending machine from dispensing product if the temperature exceeds the set point. A novel business method is also provided; namely a method of manufacturing and distributing ice cream.

Abstract: In an accumulator cycle, lubricating oil containing polyalkylene glycol (PAG) as a main component is used for a hermetic electric compressor. Lubricating oil mixed with refrigerant (carbon dioxide) can exhibit electric insulation resistance that causes no problems on a practical use. Since PAG has low compatibility with respect to carbon dioxide, a large amount of liquid phase refrigerant is difficult to be sucked into the compressor while being dissolved in lubricating oil. Therefore, the efficiency of the compressor is not lessened.

Abstract: A high efficiency cooling device in a cooling mechanism comprises a heat exchange unit 20, a gas cooling unit 21, a water cooling unit 22 and a water circulation unit 23. The heat exchange unit is an upright round frame formed of a plurality of upright heat radiating fins and refrigerant tubes which are densely wound around these heat radiating fins. The round frame is enclosed with a hollow chamber. A water cooling unit is installed in the hollow chamber of the heat exchange unit. The water cooling unit mainly includes least one spray disk driven by a motor or other dynamic device and a first water supply tube for supplying cooling water to the spray disk. Thereby, cooling water will uniformly spray to each heat exchange unit due to the inertial force of rotation itself, then flows downwards straightly along the heat radiating fin so as to achieve a high efficiency cooling effect.

Abstract: A refrigerant mixture. The mixture of propane and butane may be advantageously used as a substitute for R-12, thus eliminating the use of ozone depleting R-12 refrigerant. Ideally, the mixture is comprised of approximately 50% propane and 50% butane by liquid volume. Alternately, the mixture may contain up to about 75% of either propane or butane. A refrigeration process utilizing the mixture is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for providing refrigeration, such as to an insulated enclosure for food freezing, wherein a defined hydrocarbon-containing multicomponent refrigerant fluid undergoes a phase change coupled with Joule-Thomson expansion to generate refrigeration over a wide temperature range which may comprise from ambient to low temperatures.

Abstract: A refrigeration system wherein refrigeration is generated at a relatively steady output by a refrigeration circuit and passed into a coupling fluid for transfer to a refrigeration load using a coupling fluid stabilizing circuit having a stabilizing reservoir.

Abstract: Improved methods for the controlled generation of ammonia from an ammoniated metal salt at substantially ambient temperature by applying microwave energy to the salt. The ammoniated salts have the formula MAn·(NH3), wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, scandium, ytterbium, the lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin, and aluminum; A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting Cl−, Br−, F−, I−, ClO3−, ClO4−, BF4−, AlCl4−, PF6−, SbCl6−, and SbF6−; and SbF6− n is from 1 to 6; and X is from 1 to 8.

Abstract: Refrigerants containing R-22 are replaced with new blends by using R-125, or R-125 with R-124, or R-218, or R-218 with R-124, in place of R-22. No hardware or oil composition changes are required to maintain temperatures, pressures and capacity substantially unchanged in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: Process and device for connecting at least one supply reservoir (A), such as a storage reservoir, to at least one receiving reservoir (B), such as a tank truck, for the transfer of a fluid from the at least one supply reservoir (A) to the least one receiving reservoir (B) comprising at least one transfer line (2) for fluid comprising at least one first member (3) for connection to the receiving reservoir (B); a valve (V2) for connection to the atmosphere connected to the transfer line (2); and an analyzer (10) connected to the transfer line (2) particularly to monitor continuously during the transfer the purity of the transferred fluid.

Abstract: In an air conditioner using a flammable refrigerant of the present invention, an inner diameter of a liquid-side connecting pipe is reduced to less than 42.5% of that of a gas-side connecting pipe. By reducing the inner diameter of the pipe in which a liquid refrigerant of the air conditioner is reduced, it is possible to reduce the amount of refrigerant to be charged into the system without decreasing the capacity and the efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a method for modifying a vending machine to provide a vending machine for storing product at a temperature no greater than −40 degrees Celsius. The method of the invention includes the steps of replacing an existing refrigeration compressor with a different compressor having a higher compression and replacing an existing refrigerant with a more efficient refrigerant. Then, the length of an existing capillary tube was increased (preferably to approximately 21 inches). Finally, a new thermostat capable of achieving a −40 Celsius set point. In addition, in the preferred embodiment, the pre-existing thermostat was rewired into a safety switch, which is operable to disable the vending machine from dispensing product if the temperature exceeds the set point. A novel business method is also provided; namely a method of manufacturing and distributing ice cream.

Abstract: An apparatus for low temperature processing and high temperature sterilization comprising a hydrofluoroether heat-transfer fluid. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method therefor.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator oil composition comprising a refrigerant that comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) as the essential component, and an ester-based lubricating oil composition; wherein the ratio of refrigerant/lubricating oil composition falls between 99/1 and 10/90 by weight. The refrigerator oil composition has good lubricity and sealability and can be stably used for a long period of time in a compression refrigeration cycle in which is used a refrigerant comprising CO2 as the essential component. Also provided is a method of using the composition for lubricating a compression refrigeration cycle equipped with an oil separator and/or a hot gas line.

Abstract: A liquid injection type scroll compressor is used to a refrigerating apparatus using hydrocarbon fluoride refrigerant which does not contain chlorine (HFC-125/HFC-143a/HFC-134a) as an operating fluid and an amount of an injected liquid is controlled according to a discharge temperature of the compressor. Further, ester oil and/or ether oil is used as refrigerator oil and a dryer is disposed in a refrigerating cycle. With this arrangement, a refrigerating cycle operation can be stably realized in a wide range without almost changing the arrangement of a conventional refrigerating apparatus.

Abstract: A method of improving the efficiency of an air conditioning and refrigeration system, comprising introducing into the system a mixture of a carrier with an energy transferring polar compound comprising a sulfonate containing calcium salt of dialkyl aromatic sulfonic acid and nonylated phenylamine derivatives; and a novel additive containing a polar compound containing a sulfonate containing calcium salt of dialkyl aromatic sulfonic acid and nonylated phenylamine derivatives, and an air conditioning system utilizing the polar compound containing a sulfonate containing calcium salt of dialkyl aromatic sulfonic acid and nonylated phenylamine derivatives.

Abstract: A method of improving the efficiency of an air conditioning and refrigeration system, comprising introducing a concentrate into the system which comprises introducing a concentrate into the compressor of the system, the concentrate comprising a a methylene-bis-(dibutyldithicarbamate), a calcium salt of dialkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxycinnaminic acid, C 7-9 branched alkyl ester, and nonylated phenylamine derivative; a novel additive consisting of introducing a concentrate into the compressor of the system, the concentrate comprising a a methylene-bis-(dibutyldithicarbamate), a calcium salt of dialkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxycinnaminic acid, C 7-9 branched alkyl ester, and nonylated phenylamine derivative, and an air conditioning system utilizing the polar compound containing a hydrogen phosphate group.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition for use as a direct replacement for R-12. The refrigerant composition comprises about 40 to 60 weight percent chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), about 30 to 50 weight percent 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-124), about 5 to 20 weight percent 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R-142b), and about 1 to 4 weight percent of a hydrocarbon component, such as isobutane (R-600a).

Abstract: Compositions suitable for use as refrigerants comprise blends of trifluoroiodomethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane. Preferred compositions are non-flammable and at least near azeotropic.

Abstract: Anticorrosion solutions useful for refrigeration processes are disclosed. Halides of Group Va metallic elements can be added to alkali metal halide absorption refrigeration solutions to minimize corrosion of the refrigeration system.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator oil composition comprising a refrigerant that comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) as the essential component, and an ester-based lubricating oil composition; wherein the ratio of refrigerant/lubricating oil composition falls between 99/1 and 10/90 by weight. The refrigerator oil composition has good lubricity and sealability and can be stably used for a long period of time in a compression refrigeration cycle in which is used a refrigerant comprising CO2 as the essential component. Also provided is a method of using the composition for lubricating a compression refrigeration cycle equipped with an oil separator and/or a hot gas line.

Abstract: A working fluid comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) of formula (1), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) of formula (2), and carbon dioxide. This can provide a new working fluid which not only functions satisfactorily as a working fluid, but also exerts little influence on ozone layer depletion and global warming.

Abstract: An alternative refrigerant to chlorofluorocarbons and their substitutes such as R-12 and R-134a and for R-22, and demonstrating improved performance as a refrigerant than those substituted for while having the properties of being nontoxic, non-corrosive, nonflammable and safer to the environment including a blend of one or more of fluorocarbons known in the industry as R-1216 and R-22.

Abstract: A refrigerating apparatus comprising a refrigeration cycle comprising at least a compressor, a condenser, a dryer, an expansion mechanism and an evaporator, a refrigerant composed mainly of a fluorocarbon type refrigerant containing no chlorine and having a critical temperature of 40° C. or higher, and a refrigerating machine oil comprising as base oil an ester oil of one or more fatty acids which contains at least two ester linkages in the molecule and has a viscosity at 40° C. of 2 to 70 cSt and a viscosity at 100° C. of 1 to 9 cSt.