Abstract: A refrigerant leakage determination system includes a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator. The system performs a first determination, and a second determination. The first determination determines that refrigerant has leaked from the refrigerant circuit, by using a first state amount of refrigerant as a determination index, the first state amount including at least one of an outlet temperature of the condenser, a suction temperature of the compressor, and a discharge temperature of the compressor. The second determination determines that refrigerant has leaked from the refrigerant circuit, based on information different from the first state amount.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus includes a heat exchanger, a refrigerant adjustment component, and a first connecting member. The heat exchanger includes a first pipe, a second pipe, a plurality of heat exchange tubes connecting the first pipe and the second pipe, and an edge plate located on an outer side of the plurality of heat exchange tubes in a length direction of the first pipe. At least part of the refrigerant adjustment component is located on an outer side of the edge plate in the length direction of the first pipe. An included angle between an axis in a length direction of at least part of an outer wall of the refrigerant adjustment component and an axis in the length direction of the first pipe is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°.

Abstract: A heat pump is provided with a compressor; an oil separator provided on a discharge path of the compressor; an accumulator connected to the compressor via a suction path; and a bypass circuit configured to supply a gas refrigerant separated by the oil separator. The bypass circuit is connected to the suction path.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device includes a compressor. The compressor includes a casing, a driving unit disposed in the casing, a compression unit coupled to the driving unit and configured to compress a refrigerant, and a valve configured to control a flow of the refrigerant in the casing. The valve includes a valve chamber including a main flow path in which the refrigerant is to flow, the main flow path including a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet. The valve also includes a floating body disposed in the valve chamber to open or close the main flow path, and a bypass flow path formed in the valve chamber and which is to be opened or closed by the floating body. When the driving unit is stopped and the bypass flow path is opened by the floating body, the refrigerant is to be detoured to the bypass flow path.

Abstract: A method of cooling a refrigerant includes providing a condenser (200) including a condenser shell (202) that contains a condenser chamber (204), a condensing conduit (209), and a cooling conduit (217); condensing a refrigerant within the condenser chamber (204) from a vapour phase to a liquid phase by exchanging heat from the refrigerant in the condenser chamber (204) to a fluid in the condensing conduit (209); supplying a first portion of the condensed refrigerant to the cooling conduit (217) via a first expansion valve (310) such that the first portion of the refrigerant decreases in pressure and temperature before entering the cooling conduit (217); and cooling the refrigerant in the condenser chamber (204) by exchanging heat from the refrigerant in the condenser chamber (204) to the first portion of the refrigerant in the cooling conduit (217).

Abstract: A liquid slug reduction and charge compensator device for use in air conditioning and heat pump systems includes a housing having a cavity. The housing includes an inlet port providing an entry path into the cavity and an outlet port providing an exit path from the cavity. The housing further includes a liquid line port providing a refrigerant pathway into and out of the cavity. The liquid slug reduction and charge compensator device further includes a flash tube extending through the cavity and providing a passageway through the cavity such that a hot gas refrigerant that enters the cavity through the inlet port causes a liquid refrigerant that enters the flash tube to evaporate.

Abstract: A method for operating a heat pump of a motor vehicle that includes a compressor, an expander, an ambient heat exchanger and a heating heat exchanger. In the method, a defrost mode for defrosting the ambient heat exchanger is initiated. In the defrost mode, a refrigerant is compressed to a high pressure by the compressor to transfer thermal energy to the ambient heat exchanger, the refrigerant is expanded to a low pressure by the expander, and the refrigerant absorbs thermal energy in the heating heat exchanger. Further, a defrosting process of the ambient heat exchanger triggered by the defrost mode is monitored. The monitoring of the defrosting process includes monitoring the pressure difference between the high pressure and the low pressure and/or monitoring the pressure gradient of the pressure difference between the high pressure and the low pressure and/or monitoring the high pressure.

Abstract: Cooling arrangement and method for cooling of a heat source. The cooling arrangement includes a closed loop, a semi-open loop and at least one fan. The closed loop includes a primary side of a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger receiving a first cooling fluid heated by the heat source, a first air-to-liquid heat exchanger downstream the primary side, and a first pump returning the first cooling fluid to the heat source. The semi-open loop includes a tank storing a second cooling fluid, a second pump drawing the second cooling fluid from the tank, a secondary side of the liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger receiving the second cooling fluid from the second pump, an evaporating pad downstream said secondary side, and an inlet fluidly connected to a source of the second cooling fluid. The at least one fan causes an air flow through the evaporating pad and through the first air-to-liquid heat exchanger.

Abstract: An economizer control system includes a compressor including a compression area, a piston chamber, and an economizer inlet configured to receive economizer vapor into the compression area via a flow path that extends between the economizer inlet and the compression area. At least a portion of the flow path traverses the piston chamber. The economizer control system also includes a piston disposed within the piston chamber and configured to contact the economizer vapor. The piston is moveable between an open position that opens the flow path and a closed position that closes the flow path. Additionally, the economizer control system includes a biasing system configured to apply force to the piston to bias the piston toward the closed position.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a cooling system includes a primary condenser, a primary supply line and a primary return line that couples the primary condenser to a cold plate that is arranged to be used for electronics cooling to create a primary heat-transfer loop in which the condenser supplies liquid coolant to the cold plate and receives vapor produced by the cold plate, a secondary condenser, a secondary supply line that couples the secondary condenser to the primary supply line, a secondary return line that couples the secondary condenser to the primary return line, and a primary valve that is coupled to the secondary return line, where, in response to vapor pressure exceeding a pressure threshold, the valve at least partially opens to create a secondary heat-transfer loop in which the secondary condenser condense vapor back into liquid coolant that is supplied to the primary supply line.

Abstract: A system for controlling a capacity of a compressor includes a motor of the compressor including a main winding connected at a connection point to an auxiliary winding and a drive configured to control a speed of the motor. The system includes a first switch configured to selectively connect the main winding to either a first line voltage or a first output of the drive, a second switch configured to selectively connect the connection point to either a second line voltage or a second output of the drive, and a third switch configured to selectively connect the auxiliary winding to either a capacitor or a third output of the drive. The system includes a solenoid valve configured to selectively either operate in a first capacity or a second capacity. The system includes a control module configured to control the drive, the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.

Abstract: A compressor includes a shell assembly, a muffler plate and a compression mechanism. The shell assembly has a suction chamber and a discharge chamber. The muffler plate is disposed within the shell assembly and separates the suction chamber from the discharge chamber. The muffler plate includes a hub having a circumferentially extending inner portion and a circumferentially extending intermediate portion. The circumferentially extending inner portion defines a discharge passage extending therethrough. The circumferentially extending intermediate portion has a slot formed in a surface thereof. The slot extends at least partially around the circumferentially extending intermediate portion. The compression mechanism is disposed within the suction chamber and provides working fluid to the discharge chamber via the discharge passage of muffler plate.

Abstract: A heat pipe heat exchanger is used in combination with a damper assembly to selectively control an amount of heat exchange provided. A divider defines discrete heat pipe plenums and bypass plenums within a duct, and the heat pipe system is configured so that all of the coils of one portion of the heat pipe system are received in the heat pipe plenum(s), while the bypass plenum(s) are free of any coils. The damper assembly includes adjustable heat pipe dampers aligned with the heat pipe plenums and adjustable bypass dampers aligned with the bypass plenums.

Abstract: A method and system for improving energy efficiency of a refrigeration system include system components such as a condenser, one or more expansion valves, an evaporator, one or more compressors, and a system controller electrically coupled to the one or more of the system components, according to one embodiment. The system controller is configured to selectively actuate, directly or indirectly, the one or more expansion valves, the condenser, and/or the one or more compressors, at least partially based on temperatures and/or pressures of the system fluid at various points of the system, to control a temperature of a refrigerated area.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes an air flow path through which an air flow is routed. The HVAC system also includes a first condenser coil positioned in the air flow path and configured to receive a first portion of a refrigerant from a refrigerant conduit. The HVAC system also includes a second condenser coil positioned in the air flow path downstream from the first condenser coil relative to the air flow, and configured to receive a second portion of the refrigerant from the refrigerant conduit in parallel with the first portion of the refrigerant received by the first condenser coil.

Abstract: A system for controlling a capacity of a compressor includes a motor of the compressor including a main winding connected at a connection point to an auxiliary winding and a drive configured to control a speed of the motor. The system includes a first switch configured to selectively connect the main winding to either a first line voltage or a first output of the drive, a second switch configured to selectively connect the connection point to either a second line voltage or a second output of the drive, and a third switch configured to selectively connect the auxiliary winding to either a capacitor or a third output of the drive. The system includes a solenoid valve configured to selectively either operate in a first capacity or a second capacity. The system includes a control module configured to control the drive, the first switch, the second switch, and the third switch.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a high side heat exchanger, a heat exchanger, a flash tank, a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve, a load, a first compressor, and a second compressor. During a first mode of operation, the second expansion valve directs refrigerant from the flash tank to the load. The refrigerant from the load bypasses the first compressor. The heat exchanger transfers heat from the refrigerant from the high side heat exchanger to the refrigerant from the load. The second compressor compresses the refrigerant from the heat exchanger. During a second mode of operation, the first expansion valve directs refrigerant from the flash tank to the load. The first compressor compresses the refrigerant from the load and the second compressor compresses the refrigerant from the first compressor before the refrigerant from the first compressor reaches the high side heat exchanger.

Abstract: A liquid slug reduction and charge compensator device for use in air conditioning and heat pump systems includes a housing having a cavity. The housing includes an inlet port providing an entry path into the cavity and an outlet port providing an exit path from the cavity. The housing further includes a liquid line port providing a refrigerant pathway into and out of the cavity. The liquid slug reduction and charge compensator device further includes a flash tube extending through the cavity and providing a passageway through the cavity such that a hot gas refrigerant that enters the cavity through the inlet port causes a liquid refrigerant that enters the flash tube to evaporate.

Abstract: A domestic refrigeration appliance has a heat-insulated housing with a coolable inner container delimiting a coolable interior for storing foods. The interior is cooled with a coolant circuit that includes a compressor with a three-phase motor operated by an actuator via electrically powered motor windings. The actuator is actuated at least indirectly to operate the compressor in a switched-on state with a rotational speed of the three-phase motor at least approximately equal to a predetermined rotational speed. The actuator is caused to switch off the compressor such that the rotational speed of the three-phase motor decreases to a predetermined minimum rotational speed, and thereafter to switch off the three-phase motor for at least a predetermined period of time by de-energizing the motor windings. The period of time is selected long enough to reduce the speed of the motor, beginning from the minimum rotational speed, to reach standstill.

Abstract: A climatic test system includes a test chamber adapted to hold a unit under test within the housing, and a refrigeration system that is adapted to cool air within the chamber. The refrigeration system includes a high stage, a low stage, and a cascade heat exchanger between said high and low stages. The low stage includes a refrigeration cycle having a low stage compressor, a low stage condenser, a low stage expansion device, and a low stage evaporator. The low stage evaporator is in heat exchange relationship with the chamber. The high stage includes a refrigeration cycle having a high stage compressor, a high stage condenser, and a cascade heat exchanger evaporator that is in heat exchange relationship with the low stage condenser, thereby defining the cascade heat exchanger. The high stage further has a first high stage expansion device supplying refrigerant from the high stage condenser to the cascade heat exchanger evaporator during cascade operation.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in a hybrid or battery-electric vehicle is provided. The HVAC system includes a compressor that has its own dedicated motor to control its speed. The compressor includes an inlet pressure sensor to determine and output the suction pressure, and an outlet pressure sensor to determine and output the discharge pressure of the compressor. At least one controller can be programmed to determine the discharge-to-suction pressure ratio, and limit the operating speed of the compressor in response to the ratio exceeding a pressure-ratio-threshold. The pressure-ratio-threshold can vary based on ambient air temperature. In the event an inlet pressure sensor is not available, the operating speed of the compressor can be reduced in response to the outlet pressure exceeding an ambient-temperature-based variable threshold.

Abstract: A cooling liquid circulation apparatus comprising a liquid for a circuit which circularly supplies a liquid for adjusting temperature of a load, a refrigeration circuit which adjusts the temperature of the liquid by thermal exchange with a coolant to a set temperature, and a control unit which controls the overall apparatus. A temperature adjustment method by connecting in series and circularly of a circuit to circularly supply the liquid for adjusting temperature to a load and a refrigeration circuit for adjusting the temperature of the liquid with a coolant by heat exchange.

Abstract: Method for cool drying gas, whereby the cool dryer is characterized by curves that show the setpoint for the evaporator temperature or evaporator pressure for a load as a function of the lowest gas temperature, whereby the method comprises the following steps:—the determination of a curve and Tset or pset as a function of the load that is required to cool the gas to LATset; the control of a supply of coolant from the compressor to an injection point (P) downstream from the expansion means and upstream from the compressor in order to make the evaporator temperature or evaporator pressure equal to Tset or pset.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner includes a control device and a heating refrigerant circuit having: a compressor that compresses and discharges a suctioned refrigerant; an internal condenser that releases heat of the discharged refrigerant; an expansion valve that reduces a pressure of the refrigerant which passes through the internal condenser and that expands the refrigerant; and an external heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant which passes through the expansion valve and external air and that causes the refrigerant after the heat exchange to return to the compressor. The opening degree of the expansion valve is controlled by the control device to be increased at a start of a heating operation to more than an ordinary opening degree during a heating operation to start the compressor, and after a set time elapses, to be caused to return to the ordinary opening degree during a heating operation.

Abstract: A chilling machine includes a refrigerant circuit; a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator that are provided on the refrigerant circuit; a coolant circuit including first and second supply paths to which coolant is supplied at different temperatures; and a chiller that cools the coolant. The coolant circuit includes a first supply path for supplying low temperature coolant to the first supply destination, and a second supply path for supplying high temperature coolant to the second supply destination. The refrigerant circuit includes a first reheater that increases temperature of the coolant flowing through the second supply path by heats of the refrigerant, a first selective path that supplies the refrigerant to the condenser by bypassing the first reheater, a second selective path that supplies the refrigerant to the condenser through the first reheater, and a controller that adjusts quantity of the refrigerant passing through the first and second selective paths.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes connected in series a compressor, an oil separator, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, and comprising: a distributor communicating to the oil separator and configured to branch a flow of refrigerating machine oil separated within the oil separator; a first oil return flow path to cause the flow of the refrigerating machine oil branched by the distributor to flow into a suction side of the compressor, the first oil return flow path including an expansion valve; and a second oil return flow path to cause the flow of the refrigerating machine oil branched by the distributor to flow into the suction side of the compressor, the second oil return flow path including an oil tank accumulating refrigerating machine oil and a valve provided between the oil tank and the suction side of the compressor, the distributor having a distributor main body in which an inflow opening port communicating to the oil separator, a first oil return opening port communicating to

Abstract: In an aspect, a cooling system has a cooling circuit that includes an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, a sub-cooler and an expansion device configured in a direct expansion cooling circuit with the sub-cooler coupled in series between an outlet of the condenser and an inlet of the expansion device. The condenser has a micro-channel cooling coil and the sub-cooler has a fin-and-tube cooling coil. In an aspect, the fin-and-tube cooling coil of the sub-cooler has a total hydraulic volume equivalent to the total hydraulic volume of the micro-channel cooling coil of the condenser but the fin-and-tube cooling coil of the sub-cooler has a face area more than two times smaller than a face area of the micro-channel cooling coil of the condenser.

Abstract: A CO2 vapor compression system is provided with at least one pressure relief device which is designed to open when the pressure in the low pressure side exceeds the predetermined level because of exposure to high temperatures during non-operational periods. A pressure relief device is provided near the compressor suction inlet to relieve one section of the circuit and another is provided upstream of an unloading valve to relieve pressure in another section thereof.

Abstract: A method for cool drying gas by guiding gas through the secondary section of a heat exchanger whose primary section forms the evaporator of a closed cooling circuit in which a coolant can circulate by means of a compressor that is followed by a condenser and expansion means through which the coolant can circulate, whereby use is made of an air-cooled condenser with a frequency controlled fan, and the method comprises the step of controlling the speed of the aforementioned fan so that the condenser pressure is kept equal to a target value.

Abstract: A method for cool drying gas, making use of a heat exchanger whose primary section forms the evaporator of a cooling circuit with a compressor, an expansion valve and a bypass pipe across the compressor with a hot gas bypass valve, whereby the method makes use of a formula that makes the link between the state of the expansion valve and hot gas bypass valve, whereby on the basis of this formula: either the state of the expansion valve is adjusted as a function of the state of the hot gas bypass valve; or adjusting the state of the hot gas bypass valve as a function of the state of the expansion valve or vice versa; or the states of both valves are controlled with respect to one another.

Abstract: A method for cool drying gas by guiding gas through the secondary section of a heat exchanger whose primary section forms the evaporator of a closed cooling circuit in which a coolant can circulate by means of a compressor that is followed by a condenser and expansion means through which the coolant can circulate, whereby use is made of an air-cooled condenser with a frequency controlled fan, and the method comprises the step of controlling the speed of the aforementioned fan so that the condenser pressure is kept equal to a target value.

Abstract: An air conditioner is provided. The air conditioner may include a compressor, an outdoor heat-exchanger, an indoor heat-exchanger, a converter valve, an accumulator, an accumulator jacket, and a supercooling heat-exchange hub. The accumulator jacket may be disposed on a surface of the accumulator and contain a refrigerating fluid flowing therein. The refrigerating fluid may exchange heat with the accumulator to be cooled. The supercooling heat-exchange hub may be connected to the accumulator jacket to store the cooled refrigerating fluid and overcool the refrigerant flowing between the outdoor heat-exchanger and the indoor heat-exchanger.

Abstract: The height measured from the bottom surfaces of support legs is set to be 2.5 or more times as great as the outer diameter of the compressor body, the height of the center of gravity measured from the bottom surfaces of the support legs to the center of gravity is set to be ½ or less the overall height, and the support legs are provided in number of four, based on the fulfillment of Rc/cos ?<Rb<L. Here Rb is the support point radius of the compressor body, Rc is the outer radius of the compressor body, L is the distance from a longitudinal central axis of the compressor body to a longitudinal central axis of an accumulator, and ? is an angle half the angle formed between the adjacent support legs about the central axis.

Abstract: A method of operating components for exhaust gas after-treatment disposed in the exhaust gas tract of a turbocharged internal combustion engine. A partial exhaust gas stream is removed from the main exhaust gas stream upstream of at least one exhaust gas turbine. The partial exhaust gas stream is fed back into the main exhaust gas stream downstream of the at least one exhaust gas turbine. The feed is located, in terms of exhaust flow, between an NO oxidation catalytic converter and a particle filter (i.e., the exhaust gas after-treatment component). That is, the at least one exhaust gas after-treatment component is arranged downstream of the feed. The quantity of exhaust gas branched off as a partial exhaust gas stream is controlled or closed-loop controlled as a function of at least one target temperature in at least one defined point in the exhaust gas tract, in particular in the partial exhaust gas stream and/or of the at least one exhaust gas after-treatment component.

Abstract: A pumped refrigerant cooling system having cooling units with associated pumping units for providing working fluid to the cooling unit to enable cooling of a space. The pumped refrigerant cooling system also includes a redundant pumping unit which is activated when a primary pumping unit associated with a cooling unit becomes inactive. The primary pumping unit is deactivated in favor of the redundant pumping unit. Once the primary pumping unit is placed in a condition suitable for reactivation, the redundant pumping unit is deactivated, and the primary pumping unit is reactivated.

Abstract: A device for cool drying a gas in the direction of flow of the coolant includes a closed cooling circuit with successively a compressor, a condenser and an expansion device and an evaporator that is the primary part of a heat exchanger and that has a secondary part through which the gas to be dried is guided. A bypass pipe in the cooling circuit can be closed by a bypass valve with a valve element and a pressure-sensitive element acting on it that is exposed to a local control pressure in the cooling circuit. A control pressure pipe connects the pressure sensitive element to the closed cooling circuit upstream of the outlet of the evaporator.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning system (1) includes an HVAC unit (2) in which a first refrigerant evaporator (7) and a second refrigerant condenser (8) are disposed in an air channel (6) communicating with a vehicle interior space; and a heat pump cycle (3) in which a refrigerant compressor (9), a refrigerant switching device (10), a first refrigerant condenser (11) that exchanges heat with the outside air, a first expansion valve (14), and a first refrigerant evaporator (7) are connected in sequence and in which the second refrigerant condenser (8) is connected in parallel with the first refrigerant condenser (11) via the refrigerant switching device (10). An exhaust-heat recovery circuit (23) equipped with a second refrigerant evaporator (18) disposed in a ventilation channel (19) from the vehicle interior and a second expansion valve (17) is connected in parallel with the first expansion valve (14) and the first refrigerant evaporator (7) of the heat pump cycle (3).

Abstract: A reciprocating refrigerant compressor system is disclosed. The compressor system includes a cylinder, a piston disposed within the cylinder, at least one fluid passageway, and an actuator. The piston is movable between a bottom dead center (BDC) and a top dead center (TDC) position. The fluid passageway is disposed within the cylinder between the BDC and TDC position and defined by one or more apertures. The actuator is in operative communication with the aperture and is responsive to an environmental condition external to the compressor system to at least partially close the aperture.

Abstract: A system and methods associated therewith for providing a load controller for a refrigerant recovery unit are disclosed. The load controller can be controlled to operate when the current drawn by the motor increases due to pressure changes caused by abnormal refrigerant flow or during activation of the motor in order to lower the pressure. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the load controller can lower the pressure by recirculating some of the pressure load through the opening of a compressor bypass loop line. In some embodiments, the current/pressure load may be monitored during the operation of the refrigerant recovery unit and set to act as an emergency shut off and alert system to the user when the system malfunctions.

Abstract: Device for cool drying comprising a heat exchanger (2) whose primary part is the vaporizer (3) of a cooling circuit (4) which also includes a compressor (6) driven by a motor (5), a control device (16) for this motor (5) and measuring device (17) for the lowest air temperature (LAT), measuring device (18) for the ambient temperature (Tamb) and a flow meter (19), whereby this control device (16) can be at least switched in a first user mode in which the cooling circuit (4) is only activated when the gas flow exceeds a preset value and a second user mode in which the lowest air temperature (LAT) is maintained within a certain range by controlling the cooling circuit (4).

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an air inlet configured to receive an inlet airflow. The inlet airflow comprises a process airflow and a bypass airflow. An evaporator unit receives a flow of refrigerant and is cools the process airflow by facilitating heat transfer from the process airflow to the flow of refrigerant. A condenser unit receives the flow of refrigerant and (1) reheats the process airflow by facilitating heat transfer from the flow of refrigerant to the process airflow, and (2) heats the bypass airflow by facilitating heat transfer from the flow of refrigerant to the bypass airflow. The process airflow is discharged via a process airflow outlet and the bypass airflow is discharged via a bypass airflow outlet.

Abstract: A system and methods associated therewith for providing a load controller for a refrigerant recovery unit are disclosed. The load controller can be controlled to operate when the current drawn by the motor increases due to pressure changes caused by abnormal refrigerant flow or during activation of the motor in order to lower the pressure. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the load controller can lower the pressure by recirculating some of the pressure load through the opening of a compressor bypass loop line. In some embodiments, the current/pressure load may be monitored during the operation of the refrigerant recovery unit and set to act as an emergency shut off and alert system to the user when the system malfunctions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refrigerating device (10), in particular for an aircraft, having a refrigerant circuit, in which a refrigerant container (12), an expansion valve (14), an evaporator (16), a compressor (20) and a condenser (22) are disposed. To save energy during operation and to increase the reliability and availability of the refrigerating device (10), in the refrigerant circuit there is a compressor bypass line (26), in which a bypass valve (18) is disposed, and a refrigerant pump (30) that is disposed downstream of the condenser (22) and upstream of the evaporator (16). It is possible to dispense with the refrigerant pump (30) if the condenser (22) is disposed at a higher level than the evaporator (16) in the refrigerant circuit.

Abstract: In various implementations, air conditioners may include a high pressure portion and a low pressure portion. A bypass line may divert a portion of the refrigerant from the high pressure portion to the low pressure portion to reduce the pressure of at least a part of the high pressure portion. The bypass line may be opened automatically.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a controller and a closed system that includes a condensing heat exchanger coil, an evaporating heat exchanger coil, a refrigerant and a compressor. The compressor is configured to compress the refrigerant, thereby causing the refrigerant to have a greater pressure in the condensing heat exchanger coil than in the evaporating heat exchanger coil. The controller is configured to perform a passive defrost of the evaporating heat exchanger coil. The passive defrost includes disabling the compressor and providing a bypass path between the condensing and evaporating heat exchanger coils that bypasses the compressor. The bypass path allows the refrigerant to flow from the condensing heat exchanger coil to the evaporating heat exchanger coil while the compressor is disabled.

Abstract: In a temperature control system using a controlled mix of high temperature pressurized gas and a cooled vapor/liquid flow of the same medium to cool a thermal load to a target temperature in a high energy environment, particular advantages are obtained in precision and efficiency by passing at least a substantial percentage of the cooled vapor/liquid flow through the thermal load directly, and thereafter mixing the output with a portion of the pressurized gas flow. This “post load mixing” approach increases the thermal transfer coefficient, improves control and facilities target temperature change. Ad added mixing between the cooled expanded flow and a lesser flow of pressurized gas also is used prior to the input to the thermal load. A further feature, termed a remote “Line Box”, enables transport of the separate flows of the two phase medium through a substantial spacing from pressurizing and condensing units without undesired liquefaction in the transport lines.

Abstract: Alternative means of inhibiting frosting in the interior heat exchanger of a DX system when switching from the heating mode to the cooling mode, plus an improved insulation and heat transfer means for vertically oriented sub-surface geothermal heat transfer tubing, as well as a means to protectively coat the sub-surface metal tubing of a DX system in a corrosive environment.

Abstract: The invention present disclosure relates to a refrigeration system for cooling the interior of a mobile refrigerated space, for example a refrigerated container, comprising two speed-controlled compressors, which can be operated in parallel as a single stage or one after the other as two stages by means of one controllable bypass line per compressor and a controllable valve device between the pressure side and the suction side of each compressor. The valve devices receive signals from a controller having algorithms, into which the usage temperature and ambient temperature are fed as a target value or measured value. The most energy-efficient operating modes and the rotational speeds of the compressors result from the requirements profile of the container refrigeration.

Abstract: An air conditioner may include an indoor device and an outdoor device. The outdoor device may include a plurality of compressors, a plurality of bypass tubes respectively connected to the plurality of compressors, and a plurality of bypass valves respectively provided to the bypass tubes. When at least one of the plurality of compressors is stopped during operation of the air conditioner and the plurality of compressors, a bypass valve corresponding to the stopped compressor may be opened to equalize an internal pressure of the stopped compressor to facilitate a re-start of operation of the stopped compressor without adversely affecting overall performance of the air conditioner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a way of reducing the amount of energy required to partially compress a refrigerant in a compressor operating in a rapidly cycled unloaded mode. A valve on a suction line is closed when the compressor moves to the unloaded condition. In this manner, the amount of energy required to partially compress the refrigerant in the compressor, at the unloaded condition, is dramatically reduced.