Abstract: A device includes a circuit board, a power conversion module disposed to face the circuit board, a bus bar connected to the power conversion module, and a shielding portion that shields an electromagnetic wave. The bus bar extends through a side edge of the circuit board from one side to an opposite side of the circuit board along a thickness direction of the circuit board. The shielding portion is disposed between the bus bar and the side edge of the circuit board, extends from the one side to the opposite side along the thickness direction of the circuit board, and extends to both sides of the bus bar along the side edge of the circuit board.

Abstract: An electrical propulsion system for a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprises an electrical motor assembly and an inverter assembly. The inverter assembly comprises a housing, a capacitor assembly, at least one printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), and a plurality of positioning pins. The capacitor assembly comprises a center hole, at least one capacitor, a capacitor housing having at least one busbar, and a plurality of through holes in the capacitor housing. The capacitor assembly and the at least one PCBA are positioned inside the housing. The plurality of positioning pins pass through the through the plurality of through holes of the capacitor housing and the at least one PCBA and are connected to the housing.

Abstract: An electrical propulsion system for a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprises an electrical motor assembly and an inverter assembly. The inverter assembly comprises a housing, a capacitor assembly, at least one printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), and a plurality of positioning pins. The capacitor assembly comprises a center hole, at least one capacitor, a capacitor housing having at least one busbar, and a plurality of through holes in the capacitor housing. The capacitor assembly and the at least one PCBA are positioned inside the housing. The plurality of positioning pins pass through the through the plurality of through holes of the capacitor housing and the at least one PCBA and are connected to the housing.

Abstract: An electrical propulsion system for a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprises an electrical motor assembly and an inverter assembly. The inverter assembly comprises a housing, a capacitor assembly, at least one printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), and a plurality of positioning pins. The capacitor assembly comprises a center hole, at least one capacitor, a capacitor housing having at least one busbar, and a plurality of through holes in the capacitor housing. The capacitor assembly and the at least one PCBA are positioned inside the housing. The plurality of positioning pins pass through the through the plurality of through holes of the capacitor housing and the at least one PCBA and are connected to the housing.

Abstract: There is disclosed a refrigeration system comprising a refrigeration circuit that includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. A condenser fan of the refrigeration system is configured to operate, under the control of a controller, at a condenser fan speed that is set based on a current refrigeration demand on the system.

Abstract: The assembling performance of an electronic control device can be improved. An electronic control device includes a control board 12 and a power source conversion board 13. The control board 12 includes a first power source terminal 15, a first GND terminal 16, and a male floating connector 17 on one surface. The power source conversion board 13 includes a second power source gripping terminal 18 electrically connected to the first power source terminal 15, a second GND gripping terminal 19 electrically connected to the first GND terminal 16, and a female floating connector 20 electrically connected to a male floating connector 17 on one surface.

Abstract: There is provided an electric compressor in which the connection strength between an inverter circuit section and an electrical circuit section connected thereto by a connection terminal is improved. An inverter circuit section (3) includes an inverter control board (17) and a resin-molded sleeve assembly (18). In the sleeve assembly, a sleeve (32) and a terminal connection portion (23) are integrally resin-molded in a state in which a screw groove portion is protruded. The inverter control board (17) and a filter side connection terminal (71) of a filter circuit section (4) are fastened together to the terminal connection portion with a nut (92) screwed into the screw groove portion, whereby the inverter control board 17 and the filter circuit section 4 are electrically connected.

Abstract: The present application discloses a cooling system and a control method thereof; the cooling system includes a compressor unit, a condenser, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a first throttle valve and a frequency converter; the second solenoid valve and the first throttle valve are connected with the first solenoid valve in parallel after being connected in series with each other; the compressor unit, the condenser, the first solenoid valve and the frequency converter are connected in series to form a first cooling loop; the compressor unit, the condenser, the second solenoid valve, the first throttle valve and the frequency converter are connected in series to form a second cooling loop; and the frequency converter is internally provided with a temperature detection module and a heat exchange module.

Abstract: A motor-driven compressor includes a compression unit, an electric motor, a motor controller, a housing, and a connector. The motor controller includes a circuit board. The housing includes an inverter accommodation chamber, and the inverter accommodation chamber accommodates the motor controller. The connector is accommodated in the inverter accommodation chamber and electrically connects the circuit board and a member located outside the inverter accommodation chamber. The connector includes one or more busbars and a case. The one or more busbars are electrically connected to the circuit board. The case is formed from a resin and accommodates the one or more busbars. The circuit board and the connector are fastened to the housing. The one or more busbars are allowed to move in the case when the circuit board vibrates.

Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a cabinet including a storage compartment, a cool air supply means configured to operate to supply cool air to the storage compartment, a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature of the storage compartment, and a controller configured to control an output of the cool air supply means based on a difference between a set temperature and a current temperature sensed by the temperature sensor and increase or decrease in temperature of the storage compartment sensed by the temperature sensor at a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: Technologies described herein pertain to delivering power to primary and accessory electrical components associated with a vehicle that is at least partially electrically powered, as well as to a power source of the vehicle itself. To operate one or more of accessory electrical components and deliver power to a vehicle battery, via a power distribution unit, the embodiments facilitate understanding of dynamic power available to the accessory electrical components as well as the vehicle battery, and distributing of the power in a prioritized manner to optimize the system for a most efficient power delivery process, with regards to power needs and power availability. Managing power supplied to a climate control unit that is used in a transport climate control system providing climate control to at least one of an internal space of a vehicle, may be performed by a controller that is electrically connected to at least the climate control unit.

Abstract: A vehicle HVAC system includes a component within a refrigerant system in a vehicle HVAC system, a vibration sensor that generates a vibration signal indicating a vibration of the component, and a controller in communication with the vibration sensor to receive the vibration signal and the refrigerant system. The controller is configured to determine whether the vibration signal corresponds to a predetermined vibration value and for adjusting the operation of the refrigerant system to minimize the system noise if the vibration signal corresponds to the predetermined vibration value.

Abstract: An electric compressor includes: a circuit board on which a plurality of switching elements (33) are mounted; a compression mechanism which is driven by a motor operated using AC power output from the switching elements (33); and a lead holding member (50) disposed between element main bodies (33a) of the switching elements (33) and the circuit board. The circuit board includes a plurality of through-holes through which a plurality of leads (33b) that extend from the element main bodies (33a) can be respectively inserted. The lead holding member (50) includes lead insertion holes (53) through which the leads (33b) can be inserted such that positions of the leads (33b) is held at positions that correspond to positions of the through-holes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inverter, notably configured to be on-board an automobile vehicle, comprising: power components configured to convert DC electrical energy into AC electrical energy so as to supply an electric motor, notably configured to drive the vehicle, a casing housing the components of the inverter and comprising a first part forming a first housing, housing said power components and a second part forming a second housing, housing filtering components configured to filter DC electrical energy supplied to the power components, notably from a battery of the vehicle, said second casing part being formed at least in part by a set-back with respect to said first part from an outer face of the casing comprised in the first part.

Abstract: A motor control device provided with a control unit which controls the number of rotations of a motor by implementing a first control which enables high-torque and precise control, or a second control enabling more efficient control than the first control with respect to the motor; and a switching determination unit which, if an actual measurement value of the number of rotations of the motor is greater than a prescribed threshold value of the number of rotations, switches the first control to the second control. The switching determination unit further switches the first control to the second control if the actual measurement value of the number of rotations is not more than the threshold value of the number of rotations, and when a prescribed time has passed from a point in time at which the actual measurement value of the number of rotations matched the required number of rotations.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling an air conditioner are provided, and the air conditioner is also provided. Herein, the method for controlling the air conditioner may include: acquiring at least one operating environment parameter of the air conditioner; determining a target temperature of the air conditioner and a revolving speed of an internal fan according to the at least one operating environment parameter of the air conditioner; and adjusting a frequency of a compressor on the basis of the operating environment parameter and the target temperature of the air conditioner and the revolving speed of the internal fan.

Abstract: A linear compressor according to the present disclosure may include a cylinder provided with at least one groove, a piston reciprocating within the cylinder, a motor configured to provide a driving force to move the piston within the cylinder, an inverter configured to perform a switching operation to transmit electric power to the motor, and a controller configured to receive temperature information from the electronic device and control the inverter to preheat the motor based on the received temperature information.

Abstract: A method for power and load management of a transport climate control system using a vehicle electrical system is provided. The method includes a controller determining a power draw of the transport climate control load network, determining an amount of power available from the vehicle electrical system, and determining whether the power draw of the transport climate control load network exceeds the amount of power available from the vehicle electrical system. Also, the method includes shedding one or more loads of the transport climate control load network to reduce the power draw of the transport climate control load network until the power draw of the transport climate control load network matches the power available from the vehicle electrical system. Further, the method includes supplying power from the vehicle electrical system to the transport climate control load network.

Abstract: A method of controlling a refrigerator includes operating a cool air supply to output cool air for cooling a storage compartment, obtaining a result value based on a temperature value sensed by a temperature sensor during a first reference time interval, obtaining a plurality of result values during a second reference time interval, determining a representative temperature of the storage compartment among the obtained plurality of result values, determining an output of the cool air supply based on the representative temperature, and operating the cool air supply at the determined output.

Abstract: A motor driver includes an inverter used for driving a motor and configured to apply an alternating-current voltage to the motor. The inverter drives, during start operation, a switching element of the inverter with a first PWM signal that is PWM modulated with a carrier frequency that is a first integer multiple of a frequency of the alternating-current voltage, and thereafter drives the switching element with a second PWM signal that is PWM modulated with a carrier frequency that is a second integer multiple of the frequency of the alternating-current voltage. The second integer is smaller than the first integer.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a compressor configured to circulate a refrigerant, a condenser configured to condense the refrigerant circulated by the compressor, a cooling component configured to cool a storage compartment using the refrigerant condensed by the condenser, and a processor configured to control driving of the cooling component, acquire a load variation of the storage compartment of the refrigerator, the load variation having an effect on a refrigeration cycle, determine a drive value for driving a component forming the refrigeration cycle based on the load variation, drive the cooling component based on the drive value, and acquire the load variation with a lapse of time during at least one cooling period in which the refrigeration cycle cools the storage compartment.

Abstract: A method of generating a control signal for a temperature control system is disclosed. The control signal has one of an “on” state in which the temperature control system is to be activated and an “off” state in which the temperature control system is to be deactivated. The method comprises calculating a temperature error measure in dependence on a target temperature and a current temperature value. A rate of temperature change in the environment is determined and used to set a variable error threshold. The method switches between a continuous “on” signal mode and a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) mode, in which the output signal comprises alternating “off” and “on” periods in accordance with a PWM pattern. The switch occurs in dependence on the temperature error measure and the variable error threshold.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner is provided which is capable of detecting a refrigerant lack accompanying a refrigerant leakage and the like over time at the earliest possible stage and protecting a compressor. The vehicle air conditioner is provided with a compressor 2, a radiator 4, an outdoor expansion valve 6, and a heat absorber 9. The vehicle air conditioner holds normal time data indicating a relation between the number of revolutions NC of the compressor and a discharge refrigerant temperature Td thereof when a sufficient amount of refrigerant is filled in a refrigerant circuit R. The present invention calculates a discharge refrigerant temperature estimated value Tdst in normal time from the normal time data on the basis of a current number of revolutions NC and compares the discharge refrigerant temperature estimated value Tdst with a current discharge refrigerant temperature Td to determine a refrigerant lack of the refrigerant circuit.

Abstract: An HVAC system includes an indoor unit, an outdoor unit, a thermostat, and a remote control device. The indoor unit comprises a first variable speed drive (VSD) to control a speed of HVAC rotary components within the indoor unit, and the outdoor unit comprises a second VSD to control a speed of HVAC rotary components within the outdoor unit. The thermostat in communication with the indoor unit and the outdoor unit comprises a communication interface, and a system controller in communication with the communication interface. The remote control device transmits a signal to the system controller to alter the speed of the HVAC rotary components, where the HVAC rotary components operate at a high speed mode which is above the preset speed limit of the respective HVAC rotary component to achieve an enhanced cooling mode.

Abstract: An example refrigerant system according to an exemplary aspect of this disclosure includes, among other things, a refrigerant loop having at least a condenser, an evaporator, and a compressor. The compressor includes a motor in communication with a variable speed drive. The system further includes a cooling circuit including a pressure regulator downstream of a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger absorbing heat from the variable speed drive.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes mode, shore power, engine, and battery modules. The mode module determines whether to operate in a shore power, engine, or battery mode based on parameters. The shore power module, while in the shore power mode, runs a compressor at a speed based on a temperature within a container of a vehicle and limits the speed to a first speed. A battery is charged based on utility power while in the shore power mode. The engine module, while in the engine mode, limits the compressor speed to a second speed. The battery, while in the engine mode, is charged based on power received from an alternator/generator. The battery module, while in the battery mode, limits the compressor speed to a third speed. While in the battery mode, the battery is not being charged based on power from a shore power source and the alternator/generator.

Abstract: A motor-driving device for varying power supplied from an external power source and supplying the varied power to a motor includes a lower base; a middle base disposed above the lower base; a cooling fan disposed between the lower base and the middle base; a connector disposed on the middle base, where the connector is electrically connected to the cooling fan; and a substrate disposed above the middle base, wherein the connector is disposed between the substrate and the middle base, wherein the connector is electrically connected to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a compressor and a refrigeration system having the same. The compressor includes: a housing, a lower flange structure, a first compression cylinder and a second compression cylinder. The first compression cylinder includes a cylinder body, a roller and a sliding vane. A sliding vane groove is provided on an inner wall of the cylinder body. The roller is provided in the cylinder body. The sliding vane is provided in the sliding vane groove and matched with the roller. A first reset member is provided between the sliding vane and the sliding vane groove. A lock groove in positional correspondence to a pin groove is provided on the sliding vane. A first cavity is formed between the sliding vane and the sliding vane groove. A second cavity is formed between a pin and the sliding vane. A third cavity is formed between the pin and the pin groove.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamic power allocation in a transport refrigeration system (TRS) is provided. The method includes a TRS power source operating in an operational state. The method also includes monitoring an amount of current being drawn from one or more generator powered components of the TRS. Also, the method includes calculating, via a TRS controller of the TRS, a maximum available horsepower amount based on the amount of current being drawn from the one or more generator powered components. Further, the method includes controlling, via the TRS controller, an amount of horsepower directed to a compressor of the TRS based on the maximum available horsepower amount.

Abstract: An air conditioner is provided that reduces user discomfort due to vibrations and noises at a compressor, piping, and the like such as of an air conditioner. To achieve this, an air conditioner includes: a compressor (10) that has a motor (12) and a compression mechanism (14) driven by the motor (12); a speed detector (43) that detects a rotation speed of the motor (12); a drive mode controller (48) that controls a drive mode of the motor (12); and refrigerant piping that is connected to the compression mechanism (14) and allows a refrigerant to flow therethrough, wherein the drive mode controller (48), for stopping the motor (12), decelerates the motor (12) to a rotation speed equal to or lower than a resonance frequency between the compression mechanism (14) and the refrigerant piping.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce an inductance of a power circuit, reduce a switching loss and a noise level and improve a voltage-use ratio of a battery power in a redundant-type electronic control device. An electronic control device that controls a motor has power modules 11a, 11b to drive the motor. Power terminals 32pua, 32pva and 32pwa of the power module 11a are arranged in positions that are close to and face power terminals 32nub, 32nvb and 32nwb of the power module 11b, which are opposite to the power terminals 32pua, 32pva and 32pwa of the power module 11a in polarity. Power terminals 32nua, 32nva and 32nwa drawn from a longitudinal end portion 311 of the power module 11a are arranged in positions that are close to and face power terminals 32pub, 32pvb and 32pwb drawn from a longitudinal end portion 311 of the power module 11b which are opposite to the power terminals 32nua, 32nva and 32nwa of the power module 11a in polarity.

Abstract: An inverter device converts DC to AC and supplies power to a load (motor), and includes a temperature sensor that directly or indirectly detects a temperature of the inverter device; a DC link including a smoothing capacitor; an inverter circuit provided between the DC link and the load (motor); and a control unit that controls the inverter circuit. The control unit forcefully passes a current through the DC link when an instruction to allow the inverter circuit to operate is not received and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is less than or equal to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A power converting apparatus includes: an inverter converting a direct-current voltage supplied from a power supply unit into an alternating-current voltage and outputting the alternating-current voltage to a motor; and an inverter control unit outputting synchronous PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals for driving switching elements of the inverter. A frequency of the synchronous PWM signals is periodically varied when periodic pulsation occurs in a load connected to the motor.

Abstract: An electric power conversion device has semiconductor modules, a main P bus bar, a main N bus bar, a capacitor module, an input P bus bar and an input N bus bar. The input N bus bar is connected to the DC power source. The main N bus bar is connected to a negative electrode terminal of the semiconductor module to supply the DC power. A capacitor N bus bar, a filter capacitor and a smoothing capacitor in the capacitor module are molded by capacitor molded resin. The capacitor N bus bar is connected to a negative electrode terminal of the filter capacitor. The input N bus bar has a first N connection section connected to the capacitor N bus bar and a second N connection section connected to the main N bus bar. The main N bus bar is arranged outside of the capacitor mold resin.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamic power allocation in a transport refrigeration system (TRS) is provided. The method includes a TRS power source operating in an operational state. The method also includes monitoring an amount of current being drawn from one or more generator powered components of the TRS. Also, the method includes calculating, via a TRS controller of the TRS, a maximum available horsepower amount based on the amount of current being drawn from the one or more generator powered components. Further, the method includes controlling, via the TRS controller, an amount of horsepower directed to a compressor of the TRS based on the maximum available horsepower amount.

Abstract: An electric compressor includes a housing a compression mechanism, an electric motor and a motor driving circuit. The motor driving circuit includes a circuit board and an electronic component mounted on the circuit board. The electric compressor further includes a bus bar, a shield plate having a bolt hole and an intervening portion interposed between the bus bar and the shield plate. The bus bar, intervening portion and the shield plate are integrated by a resin member. A part of the intervening portion on a side thereof opposite from the shield plate and/or a part of the bus bar on a side thereof opposite from the shield plate is exposed without being covered with the resin member. A surface of the shield plate around the bolt hole on a side thereof opposite from the intervening portion is exposed without being covered with the resin member.

Abstract: The dehumidifier, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a variable compressor which varies the rotation speed of a driving shaft according to an input control signal and adjusts an amount of a refrigerant gas compressed by the rotation of the driving shaft; a condenser for liquefying the compressed refrigerant gas received from the variable compressor; a heat exchanger for cooling flown air by vaporizing the liquefied refrigerant gas, and condensing vapors of the flown air into water to remove the water by using the cooling air; a blower fan for supplying outside air to the heat exchanger by forming an air flow according to the driving speed of a blower motor; and a control unit for generating the control signal according to the input signal so as to adjust the rotation speed of the driving shaft.

Abstract: A motor drive control apparatus according to the present invention includes: a three-phase rectifier to rectify an AC voltage supplied from a three-phase AC source; a booster circuit including a reactor, a switching element, and a backflow preventing element, to boost a DC bus voltage supplied from the three-phase rectifier; a smoothing capacitor to smooth an output of the booster circuit; and an inverter circuit to convert the DC bus voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor into an AC voltage and supplying the AC voltage to a motor. During a starting operation of a boosting operation of the booster circuit or a stopping operation of the boosting operation thereof, a rotation speed of the motor is fixed.

Abstract: An air conditioner for a vehicle includes: a compressor that compresses refrigerant for conditioning air in a vehicle cabin and defines a refrigeration cycle; a detecting section that detects a thermal load of air-conditioning in the vehicle cabin; and a control section that controls a rotational speed of the compressor such that the thermal load detected by the detecting section satisfies a predetermined air conditioning request in the vehicle cabin. In case where the air conditioning request is satisfied by controlling the rotational speed of the compressor, the control section periodically switches between a reference rotational speed and a low rotational speed that is lower than the reference rotational speed in order to maintain a state where the air conditioning request is satisfied. The reference rotational speed is a rotational speed within a predetermined range that includes the rotational speed at which the air conditioning request is satisfied.

Abstract: A motor apparatus for a vehicle includes a motor unit, an inverter unit, a case, and a pump. The case has a motor space accommodating the motor unit, two or more inverter spaces each accommodating the inverter unit, and a cooling passage. The inverter spaces are provided adjacent to the motor space via respective walls, and each accommodating at least one of the capacitor, the power converter, and the control circuit. The cooling passage includes a first cooling part configured to cool the power converter and a second cooling part configured to cool the capacitor. A length of the cooling passage from a discharging part of the pump to the first cooling part is made shorter than a length of the cooling passage from the discharging part to the second cooling part.

Abstract: A method of controlling a fan of a vapor compression system is disclosed. The vapor compression system includes a compressor, a heat rejecting heat exchanger, e.g. in the form of a gas cooler or a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator arranged in a refrigerant circuit. The fan is arranged to provide a secondary fluid flow across the heat rejecting heat exchanger, e.g. in the form of an air flow. The method allows the electrical energy consumption of the fan to be reduced without risking instability of the vapor compression system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a motor driving apparatus and a refrigerator including the same. A motor driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a signal delay unit for delaying an input speed order signal; an inverter control unit for outputting an inverter switching control signal, on the basis of the speed order signal delayed by the signal delay unit; and an inverter for converting an input operation direct current power into a predetermined alternating current power, on the basis of a switching operation according to the inverter switching control signal, and driving a motor using the converted alternating current power. Therefore, it is possible to prevent starting failure and reduce noise.

Abstract: A motor control unit is obtained by integrating an inverter unit and a motor unit having a motor, the inverter unit having a control board erected on a support board.

Abstract: A method for controlling transitions between activating and deactivating a vehicle air conditioner compressor is disclosed. In one example, displacement of the air conditioner compressor is adjusted before the air conditioner is coupled to an energy conversion device. The method may provide smooth transitions between different air conditioner compressor control modes.

Abstract: A system and method for calibrating parameters for a refrigeration system having a variable speed compressor is provided. A compressor is connected to a condenser and an evaporator. A condenser sensor outputs a condenser signal corresponding to at least one of a sensed condenser pressure and a sensed condenser temperature. An inverter drive modulates a frequency of electric power delivered to the compressor to modulate a speed of the compressor. A control module is connected to the inverter drive and determines a measured condenser temperature based on the condenser signal, monitors electric power data and compressor speed data from the inverter drive, calculates a derived condenser temperature based on the electric power data, the compressor speed data, and compressor map data for the compressor, compares the measured condenser temperature with the derived condenser temperature, and updates the compressor map data based on the comparison.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus uses R32, a refrigerant mixture containing R32 and HFO1234yf in which R32 has a mass percentage of 40% or higher, or a refrigerant mixture containing R32 and HFO1234ze in which R32 has a mass percentage of 15% or higher, as a heat-source refrigerant. The air-conditioning apparatus includes a low-pressure shell-structure compressor, a first flow switching valve, a heat-source-side heat exchanger, first flow control devices, and plural use-side heat exchangers connected by refrigerant pipes, forming a refrigeration cycle. The compressor includes a compression chamber within a sealed container including an opening extending between inside and outside of the sealed container. The air-conditioning apparatus can perform only a heating at the use-side heat exchangers, only a cooling at the use-side heat exchangers, and a mixed cooling and heating in a mixed fashion at the use-side heat exchangers.

Abstract: In various implementations, compressor operation in an air conditioner may be managed by maintaining oil viscosity, a temperature differential, compressor sump temperature, and/or suction pressure. Properties of the air conditioner or portions thereof, such as the compressor, may be determined. To manage compressor operations, operation(s) of the air conditioner may be adjusted based on one or more of the determined properties.

Abstract: A decompression unit is suitable for use in a decompression opening of a wall element of an aircraft. The unit includes a panel which can be mounted via a frame in or over the decompression opening. The panel can be moved out of the frame at a predetermined differential pressure ?p in order to open the decompression opening. In order to form a decompression unit of as simple a design as possible and with an optimum response behavior, the panel is formed by at least one hardened prepreg layer with at least one separating joint that is filled with cured resin as a predetermined breaking point. The separating joint breaks when the predetermined differential pressure is exceeded.

Abstract: A pumping system has a motor (32) for driving a pumping mechanism (30). A variable frequency drive unit (36) has an input for receiving electrical energy of relatively high power and first, fixed frequency from a power supply, and an output coupled to an input (46) of the motor for supplying electrical energy of relatively low power and second, variable frequency to the motor. This second frequency preferably has a maximum value greater than the first frequency. A control circuit (50) is provided for selectively coupling the motor input (46) directly to the power supply for the supply of the relatively high power energy to the motor to maximize the torque that can be produced by the pumping mechanism. After a period of time the control circuit terminates the direct coupling of the motor input to the power supply for the supply of the relatively low power energy to the motor.

Abstract: A motor driving apparatus and a refrigerator using the same is provided. The refrigerator may include a compressor, a motor, a driving unit, temperature sensing units sensing the temperatures of storage chambers and an external temperature, and a control unit selecting a driving mode of the driving unit based on the sensing result of the temperature sensing units and controlling the driving unit to drive the motor according to the selected driving mode. In a general operation mode, the control unit controls the driving unit to drive the motor in a 120 degree conduction method, and in a power-saving operation mode, the control unit controls the driving unit to drive the motor in a 90 degree conduction method. The refrigerator increases a pulse width of driving current by converting the conduction method of the motor to drive the motor at a low speed during power-saving operation of the refrigerator.