Abstract: An air conditioning system includes a bypass passage and a cooling-heating switching mechanism. The bypass passage is configured to be at least a part of a flow passage connecting a third port to a refrigerant inlet of a compressor. A linear expansion valve opens and closes the bypass passage. The cooling-heating switching mechanism includes check valves and four-way valves. The four-way valve causes a refrigerant outlet of the check valve to communicate with one of the refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet of the compressor. The four-way valve causes a refrigerant inlet of the check valve to communicate with one of the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet of the compressor and causes a port to communicate with the other of the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet.

Abstract: An air conditioning system has a heat pump, a first-liquid-medium circuit in which a first liquid medium circulates, a second-liquid-medium circuit in which a second liquid medium circulates, a heat source, a connection switching device, and a controller. The connection switching device switches between a connection state in which the heat source is connected to the second-liquid-medium circuit and a disconnection state in which the heat source is disconnected from the second-liquid-medium circuit. The controller controls the connection switching device to switch between the connection state and the disconnection state based on a heat-related physical quantity relating to a heat of the first-liquid-medium circuit, a heat-related physical quantity a heat of the second-liquid-medium circuit, a heat-related physical quantity the heat generated by the heat source, or a heat-related physical quantity a heat of the heat pump.

Abstract: An collective device for switching refrigerant flow arranged between an indoor device and an outdoor device is provided; which includes multiple high-pressure valves; multiple low-pressure valves; a high-pressure header; a low-pressure header; a high-pressure gas pipe connecting each high-pressure valve and the high-pressure header; and a low-pressure gas pipe connecting each low-pressure valve and the low-pressure header, wherein the multiple high-pressure valves are arranged next to each other in a first direction perpendicular to a vertical direction, the multiple low-pressure valves are arranged next to each other in the first direction, and the low-pressure valves, the low-pressure header, and the low-pressure gas pipe are arranged on one side in a second direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and the first direction with respect to the high-pressure valves, the high-pressure header, and the high-pressure gas pipe.

Abstract: A climate-control system for a vehicle includes a refrigerant subsystem having a chiller and an electronic expansion valve (EXV) arranged to selectively route refrigerant to the chiller. The vehicle further includes a coolant subsystem having conduit arranged to circulate coolant through a traction battery and the chiller. The coolant subsystem further includes a first temperature sensor configured to measure coolant circulating into an inlet side of the chiller and a second temperature sensor configured to measure coolant circulating out of an outlet side of the chiller. A vehicle controller is configured to, in response to the battery exceeding a threshold temperature and cabin air conditioning being requested, command opening of the EXV to a predetermined position and adjust the position based on a measured coolant temperature difference between the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

Abstract: A gas heat-pump system is provided.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for hybrid vehicles includes: a heater core receiving engine cooling water from an engine and heat an air blown into a vehicle room; an electric water pump pumping the engine cooling water through the heater core when a motor vehicle is switched from an engine drive mode to a motor drive mode; a discharged air temperature sensing unit sensing a discharged air temperature as a temperature of an air discharged into the vehicle room; and a control unit when the motor vehicle is switched from the engine drive mode to the motor drive mode differentially controls a rotational speed of the electric water pump depending on a temperature difference between the discharged air temperature inputted from the discharged air temperature sensing unit and a target discharge temperature calculated in advance based on internal/external temperature conditions and a user set temperature.

Abstract: A cooling system is provided for a traction battery of an electrified motor vehicle. That cooling system includes a cooling circuit, a refrigerant circuit, a plurality of flow control valves and a control system. That control system includes a controller configured to (a) control operation of the plurality of flow control valves, including a coolant proportional valve, and (b) prioritize cabin cooling over traction battery cooling.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a refrigerant system having a chiller and a coolant system having a chiller loop and a radiator loop. The chiller loop is arranged to circulate coolant through the chiller, and the radiator loop is arranged to circulate coolant through a battery, a radiator, and a bypass valve connected to a bypass conduit. A controller is configured to, in response to an ambient-air temperature exceeding a battery-coolant temperature, actuate the valve to circulate coolant to the bypass conduit to skip the radiator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-stage heating geothermal system using geothermal energy. The two-stage heating geothermal system includes a geothermal heat exchanger, a geothermal heat pump, a booster heat pump, a bypass line, and a bypass line opening and closing valve. The operating efficiency of the two-stage heating geothermal system using geothermal energy is significantly improved. Hot water supply, auxiliary heating, and the like are controlled to be completely independent of main heating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for operating a combined heat and power (CHP) plant comprising a heating boiler, a vaporizer, an expansion machine, and a condenser, achieved according to claim 1.

Abstract: Certain disclosed embodiments pertain to controlling temperature in a passenger compartment of a vehicle. For example, a temperature control system (TCS) can include an air channel configured to deliver airflow to the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The TCS can include a one thermal energy source and a heat transfer device connected to the air channel. A first fluid circuit can circulate coolant to the thermal energy source and a thermoelectric device (TED). A second fluid circuit can circulate coolant to the TED and the heat transfer device. A bypass circuit can connect the thermal energy source to the heat transfer device. An actuator can cause coolant to circulate selectively in either the bypass circuit or the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit. A control device can operate the actuator when it is determined that the thermal energy source is ready to provide heat to the airflow.

Abstract: An air conditioner for a vehicle includes a heating line having a condenser at an inlet thereof and having an outlet communicating with an interior of the vehicle. A cooling line has an inlet communicating with the inlet of the heating line, an outlet communicating with the interior of the vehicle, and an evaporator connected to the condenser inside of the cooling line. One or more doors are provided to control a flow stream of each line and to control a temperature of air introduced into the interior of the vehicle.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle is provided. The air conditioning system includes a cooling module having a cooling duct and an evaporator core, and a heating module having a heating duct and an inner condenser. Additionally, an outer condenser is disposed extraneous to the heating duct, and a blower forms air flow in the cooling duct or the heating duct. The inner condenser, the outer condenser and the evaporator core are connected via a single refrigerant passage.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes an injection pipe allowing a part of a refrigerant, as discharged from a compressing device, to flow into an intermediate portion of a compression stroke of the compressing device, and an injection internal heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a refrigerant stream that flows through the injection pipe and a refrigerant stream that flows into a heat-source-side heat exchanger after passing through an indoor unit.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes: a refrigeration cycle circuit including a compressor, a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger, a heat source side pressure-reducing mechanism, an indoor side pressure-reducing mechanism, and an indoor side heat exchanger, and a hot water supply refrigerant circuit branching off from between the compressor and the four-way valve, including a hot water supply side heat exchanger and a hot water supply side pressure-reducing mechanism in order, and connected between the heat source side pressure-reducing mechanism and the indoor side pressure-reducing mechanism, wherein when a refrigerant state value on at least one of a low pressure side of the refrigeration cycle circuit and a discharge side of the compressor becomes a refrigerant collection start state value, a refrigerant collecting operation that collects refrigerant accumulated in the hot water supply refrigerant circuit into the refrigeration cycle circuit is started.

Abstract: A refrigeration circuit comprises in the direction of flow of a refrigerant at least one compressor; at least one heat rejecting heat exchanger; at least one expansion device; and at least one evaporator. The refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one heat recovery heat exchanger having a refrigeration circuit side and heat recovery system side and being configured for transferring heat between the refrigeration circuit side and the heat recovery system side, wherein the refrigeration circuit side is fluidly connected in parallel to the at least one heat rejecting heat exchanger; and at least one regulation valve, configured for regulating the flow of refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration circuit side of the at least one heat recovery heat exchanger. The at least one regulation valve is switchable between an open position, a closed position, and at least one intermediate position.

Abstract: A heat pump system is provided. The heat pump system may include a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, a condenser that condenses the refrigerant, an expansion device that decompresses the refrigerant, and an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant. The condenser may include a first heat exchanger of a first shell and tube heat exchanger and a second shell and tube heat exchanger. The evaporator may include a second heat exchanger of the first shell and tube heat exchanger and the second shell and tube heat exchanger. The first shell and tube heat exchanger or the second shell and tube heat exchanger may include a shell, in which the refrigerant may be introduced, a plurality of tubes disposed within the shell and into which a fluid heat-exchanged with the refrigerant may flow, two inlet/outlets disposed on a first side of the shell, and one inlet/outlet disposed on a second side of the shell.

Abstract: In an air cooling mode of cooling air as a fluid to be heat-exchanged, a refrigeration cycle device is provided to perform switching to a refrigerant circuit in which a high-pressure refrigerant exchanging heat with outside air in an exterior heat exchanger and dissipating heat therefrom flows into an accumulator serving as a gas-liquid separator. In an air heating mode of heating the air, the refrigeration cycle device also performs switching to another refrigerant circuit that allows a low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by a first expansion valve to flow into the accumulator. Thus, even in any operation mode, a difference between a refrigerant temperature in the accumulator and the outside air temperature is reduced to thereby suppress the degradation of performance of the refrigeration cycle device due to the unnecessary transfer of heat between the refrigerant in the accumulator and the outside air.

Abstract: A heat pump system for a vehicle includes a dehumidification line for supplying some refrigerant circulating in a refrigerant circulation line to an evaporator before the refrigerant is introduced into an exterior heat exchanger after passing a first expansion means so as to dehumidify the interior of the vehicle in a heat pump mode, thereby allowing the refrigerant to smoothly flow to the evaporator at a low pressure through the dehumidification line before the refrigerant is introduced into the exterior heat exchanger which has a higher pressure than the evaporator when the interior of the vehicle is dehumidified, and smoothly dehumidifying the inside of the vehicle.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a heat source unit, a usage-side unit, and a usage-side controller. The heat source unit has a heat source-side compressor for compressing a heat source-side refrigerant, and a heat source-side heat exchanger capable of functioning as an evaporator of the heat source-side refrigerant. The usage-side unit is connected to the heat source unit and has a capacity-variable-type usage-side compressor for compressing a usage-side refrigerant, a usage-side heat exchanger capable of functioning as a radiator of the heat source-side refrigerant and functioning as an evaporator of the usage-side refrigerant, and a refrigerant-water heat exchanger capable of functioning as a radiator of the usage-side refrigerant and heating an aqueous medium. The usage-side controller performs usage-side capacity variation control for incrementally varying the operating capacity of the usage-side compressor during a usual operation.

Abstract: A heat pump apparatus is provided. The heat pump raises the water temperature during a hot-water supply without using a separate heat source such as a heater. The heat pump apparatus includes an outdoor unit including a first compressor, a first heat exchanger, and a first expansion valve. The heat pump apparatus includes an indoor unit including a second heat exchanger and a second expansion valve, a hydro unit including a second compressor, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a fifth heat exchanger, a third expansion valve, a fourth expansion valve, and a fifth expansion valve. The heat pump apparatus includes a refrigerant flow path switching unit to switch among flow paths, and a water flow path switching unit to switch between flow paths of the water.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for a vehicle includes a switching heat exchanger. The switching heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger core, a receiver tank, and a switch valve. The switch valve may be arranged between the heat exchanger core and the receiver tank to control the flow of refrigerant. A controller can be configured to control the switch valve in an access position during a cooling mode and a bypass position during a heating mode. In the access position, the heat exchanger core is in communication with the receiver tank such that the refrigerant flows from a primary region of the heat exchanger core to the receiver tank. In the bypass position, the heat exchanger core is in communication with its outlet such that the refrigerant from the primary region flows out from the switching heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus in which a heat source unit and a relay unit are connected by two pipings, and in which a hot water supply function can be readily added. The relay unit includes a connection circuit between a first branching unit and a second connecting piping that is capable of connecting a water heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a refrigerant and water.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heat pump system of an electric vehicle, whereby power consumed for air conditioning is reduced during driving in a low load state in a heating mode, includes determining whether a heat dissipation amount insufficient condition of an indoor condenser is satisfied in the heat pump system of the electric vehicle. When it is determined that the heat dissipation amount insufficient condition of the indoor condenser is satisfied, measuring current revolutions per minute (rpm) of a compressor. It is determined whether the measured rpm of the compressor is greater than a minimum rpm limit of the compressor. When it is determined that the measured rpm of the compressor is greater than the minimum rpm limit of the compressor, the rpm of the compressor is reduced.

Abstract: When using at least one of heat exchangers related to heat medium that exchange heat between a heat source side refrigerant and a heat medium as an evaporator, in a case where an air-conditioning apparatus has detected, in the heat exchanger related to heat medium that functions as the evaporator, an evaporating temperature of the heat source side refrigerant which causes the temperature of the heat medium passing through this heat exchanger related to heat medium to become equal to or lower than a freezing temperature, the air-conditioning apparatus performs a heat medium anti-freezing operation by blocking entry of the heat source side refrigerant into the heat exchanger related to heat medium that functions as the evaporator, and causing the heat source side refrigerant to flow to a bypass pipe.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system includes a swimming pool, a pump connected to the swimming pool, a pool cooler connected to the pump so as to cool water passing from the pump, a water source heat pump cooperative with the pump so as to receive water as passed by the outlet pipe of the pump, a valve mechanism connected to the outlet of the pump so as to control the flow of water toward the pool cooler and the water source heat pump, and a pressure control valve cooperative between the valve mechanism in the inlet line of the pool cooler so as to limit a pressure of the water flowing from the valve mechanism toward the inlet line of the pool cooler. A pressure control is connected to the outlet line of the pool cooler so as to reduce a pressure of the water flowing from the outlet line to the pump.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a heat medium flow control device that adjusts the flow rate of a heat medium circulating in a use side heat exchanger, temperature sensors that are disposed in an inlet-side passage and an outlet-side passage of the use side heat exchanger and that detect temperatures of the heat medium, and a controller that controls the heat medium flow control device so that a temperature difference between a detection value of the temperature sensors is equal to a first target value. A refrigerant flowing through a refrigerant flow passage of the heat exchanger related to heat medium and a heat medium flowing through a heat medium flow passage of the heat exchanger related to heat medium are in counter flow relative to one another, and the controller changes the first target value in accordance with an operation state of a refrigerant circuit.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an accumulator for use with a hydraulic circuit is provided. The system and method is configured to determine a set of accumulator temperature indicators and discharge and charge the accumulator as a function of the set of accumulator temperature indicators.

Abstract: A combination air and ground source heating and/or cooling system. The system includes an indoor unit, an outdoor unit and an in-ground unit, each of which has a coil, an inlet line and an outlet line. The system also comprises a flow connector, a coupling and a controller. The controller is configured to control the flow connector and coupling so that the system is selectively operable in three different modes. In the first mode, refrigerant bypasses the coil of the outdoor unit, while, in the second mode, refrigerant bypasses the coil of the in-ground unit. In the third mode, refrigerant flows through the coils of the in-ground and outdoor units.

Abstract: A heat pump system is disclosed comprising a heat-exchanger extracting latent heat from liquid stored in a reservoir, thereby forming an ice slurry. The heat pump also includes a device for delivering the heat to a heat consumer. The heat pump system includes a random input of extrinsic liquid into the reservoir and a device for removing ice slurry stored in the reservoir outward the system.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for a vehicle includes a heat pump system to heat the vehicle. A viscous heater is disposed within the heat pump system to supplement the heat pump system during a heat mode of the air-conditioning system.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for collection of thermal energy. The system comprises an energy collector, an energy reservoir, an energy collection medium enclosed in a loop allowing fluid flow of the energy collection medium between the energy collector and the energy reservoir in a forward flow from the energy collector and in a backward flow to the energy collector for transferring energy between the energy collector and the energy reservoir, a collector pump adapted to control a flow rate of the energy collection medium, and a reservoir temperature measuring device being adapted to measure a reservoir temperature of the energy reservoir.

Abstract: A machine for the thermal treatment of liquid and semi-liquid food products comprises: at least two tanks (3A,3B) for containing respective products to be subjected to the thermal treatment, at least one dispenser (4) for dispensing the product contained in said tanks (3A,3B), at least one stirrer (5) mounted inside each tank (3A,3B) for mixing the product contained therein, thermal treatment means (6) operatively acting on the products contained in the containers (3A,3B); the machine (1) being characterized in that the thermal treatment means (6) comprise at least one circuit (7) for circulation of an operating fluid and at least two first heat exchangers (8A,8B) operating according to a thermodynamic cycle; each of the two first heat exchangers (8A,8B) being associated with a respective tank (3A,3B); said thermal treatment means (6) being configured in such a way as to implement at least one operating mode of removing heat from the respective tank (3A,3B) by means of one first heat exchanger (8A) and simult

Abstract: An vehicle air conditioner (1A) includes a duct (3) in which a partition member (4) forming a first flow path (3A) and a second flow path (3B) is provided, and a heat pump circuit (2A). In the heat pump circuit (2A), a first indoor heat exchanger (12A) that contributes mainly to heating is located in the first flow path (3A) or faces an outlet of the first flow path (3A), and a second indoor heat exchanger (12B) that contributes mainly to cooling is located in the second flow path (3B). The ratio between an internal air and an external air within air flowing through each of the first flow path (3A) and the second flow path (3B) is adjustable. The duct (3) is provided with at least one of a heating exhaust port (35) for discharging air cooled in the second indoor heat exchanger (12B) to the outside of the vehicle interior in heating operation, and a cooling exhaust port (36) for discharging air heated in the first indoor heat exchanger (12A) to the outside of the vehicle interior in cooling operation.

Abstract: Provided is an air-conditioning/hot-water supply system having high operational efficiency. An internal heat exchanger (15) has: a primary heat transfer pipe (15a) for forming a part of the annular circuit of a refrigerant circuit (10) for air conditioning; and a secondary heat transfer pipe (15b) connected to piping (P) branched from the annular circuit through a pressure reduction device (16). The pressure reduction device (16) reduces the pressure of a first refrigerant flowing therein from the piping (P) depending on an operation mode and causes the first refrigerant, the pressure of which has been reduced, to flow toward the secondary heat transfer pipe (15b), thereby cooling the first refrigerant flowing through the primary heat transfer pipe (15a).

Abstract: A hot-water storage type hot-water supply device includes a heat pump unit (1) for heating water, a hot-water storage tank (21) for storing hot water heated by the heat pump unit (1), and a hot-water supplying heat exchanger (22) placed so as to extend roughly entirely in a vertical direction thereof and which receives water from a lower side thereof and discharges hot water from an upper side thereof.

Abstract: A vehicular air conditioning system capable of suppressing the power consumption of a refrigerating cycle is disclosed. The vehicular air conditioning system comprises a refrigerating cycle circuit comprising a compressor, an outside heat exchanger and an inside air conditioning heat exchanger annularly connected in order, and a device cooling circuit comprising a heating unit, an inside cooling heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger and a pump being annularly connected, the intermediate heat exchanger being constructed such that one end of a piping of the cooling medium for air conditioning is connected to a liquid piping, the liquid piping providing connection between the outside heat exchanger and the inside air conditioning heat exchanger, and an opposite end of the piping of the cooling medium for air conditioning is connected to a suction port of the compressor.

Abstract: A heat pump apparatus (100) includes an evaporator (10), an electrochemical compressor (11), a condenser (16), a refrigerant delivery path (18), and a non-condensable gas return path (28). The non-condensable gas return path (28) is provided separately from the refrigerant delivery path (18), and is configured to communicate a discharge-side high-pressure space of the electrochemical compressor (11) with a suction-side low-pressure space of the electrochemical compressor (11) so as to return a non-condensable gas from the high-pressure space to the low-pressure space. The non-condensable gas is, for example, hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy retriever system and methods for absorbing energy and using that energy elsewhere or converting it to other useful forms of energy or work. The energy retriever system consists of a series of components interconnected by a plurality of conduits containing a fluid. Working as a self-contained thermodynamic system, the energy retriever system allows the fluid to circulate through all of these elements. Heat added to the energy capture subsystem heats the fluid. The fluid becomes more pressurized and moves into the expansion cycle subsystem. The energy extraction subsystem transforms the thermal energy of the fluid into work, kinetic energy or thermal energy. The reservoir subsystem compresses the fluid and reintroduces it into the energy capture subsystem. One-way valves are used throughout the system to keep the flow of the fluid in one direction and separate sections of the system that contain different pressures.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus includes a multistage compression mechanism, a heat-source-side main heat exchanger, at least one heat-source-side sub heat exchanger, a usage-side heat exchanger, a switching mechanism, an expansion mechanism and a refrigerant piping group. The refrigerant piping group connects the multistage compression mechanism, the switching mechanism, the heat-source-side main heat exchanger, the heat-source-side sub heat exchanger, the expansion mechanism and the usage-side heat exchanger so that during the heating operation, the heat-source-side main heat exchanger and the heat-source-side sub heat exchanger are connected in series.

Abstract: A heat pump includes a main refrigerant circuit having a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor heat exchanger, and a reversing valve. A biflow expansion valve is configured to receive condensed liquid refrigerant and to expand the refrigerant. A cooling circuit in fluid communication with the main refrigerant line includes an expansion device configured to receive a portion of condensed liquid refrigerant from the main refrigerant circuit and to expand the portion of condensed liquid refrigerant. A heat sink is configured to receive the expanded portion of refrigerant from the expansion device. Power electronics are coupled to the heat sink such that the portion of expanded refrigerant from the expansion device passes through the heat sink and cools the power electronics.

Abstract: An absorption heat pump with a system for improving its efficiency under generator overfeed conditions. The absorber is bypassed to direct the rich solution directly into the generator, mixing this rich solution with liquid refrigerant.

Abstract: A triple-pipeline type first outdoor unit 2 connected to three inter-unit pipelines 5 made up of a high-pressure gas pipe 7, a low-pressure gas pipe 6, and a fluid pipe 8 and a second outdoor unit 3 connected by two pipelines of a gas pipe 35 and a fluid pipe 36 are provided, in which a fluid pipe 36 of this second outdoor unit 3 is connected to the fluid pipe 8, while a gas pipe 35 of the second outdoor unit is selectively connected to the high-pressure gas pipe 7 or the low-pressure gas pipe 6 using a valve-element kit 50 having a four-way valve 51.

Abstract: A heating installation is provided with a first circuit (K1) containing a first medium, a second circuit (K2) containing a second medium, a first heat pump (2) arranged in the first circuit (K1) for heating the first medium, a third circuit (K3) containing a third medium, a heat exchanger (40) arranged in the third circuit (K3) and connected between the condenser (2d) and expansion valve (2f) of the first heat pump to transfer heat from the working medium of the first heat pump to the third medium in the third circuit (K3), and a second heat pump (3) arranged for heating the second medium in the second circuit (K2) by absorbing heat energy from the third medium in the third circuit (K3).

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus associated with a heat pump is provided. The hot water supply apparatus may employ a cascade heat pump including a two-stage cycle to perform a hot water supply operation. Refrigerants flowing through a heat side heat exchanger and a usage side heat exchanger may be heat-exchanged with water. Thus, the hot water supply operation may be continuously performed, without a defrosting operation, and hot water supply performance and heating performance may be improved.

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus associated with a heat pump is provided. The hot water supply apparatus may employ a cascade heat pump including a two-stage cycle to perform a hot water supply operation. Refrigerants flowing through a heat side heat exchanger and a usage side heat exchanger may be heat-exchanged with water. Thus, the hot water supply operation may be continuously performed, without a defrosting operation, and hot water supply performance and heating performance may be improved.

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus associated with a heat pump is provided. The hot water supply apparatus performs a hot water supply operation using a high temperature refrigerant that has been discharged from a compressor, and simultaneously performs an indoor heating operation using a two-stage refrigerant cycle. This allows the apparatus to supply hot water while simultaneously providing heating/cooling to an indoor space.

Abstract: A hot water supply apparatus associated with a heat pump is provided. The hot water supply apparatus may employ a cascade heat pump including a two-stage cycle to perform a hot water supply operation. Refrigerants flowing through a heat side heat exchanger and a usage side heat exchanger may be heat-exchanged with water. Thus, the hot water supply operation may be continuously performed, without a defrosting operation, and hot water supply performance and heating performance may be improved.

Abstract: A moisture removal system comprises a plurality of coils each capable of operation as either a condenser or evaporator, and a switching mechanism to cycle the functionality of the coils. The system may cycle the functionality of the coils to alleviate frost development on any one coil and thus speed a moisture removal process.

Abstract: An air conditioner of an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes a compressor for compressing refrigerant, an indoor heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between refrigerant introduced into the indoor exchanger after emerging from the compressor and air, an outdoor heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between refrigerant introduced into the outdoor heat exchanger and outdoor air, a first expansion device arranged between the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, to expand refrigerant introduced into the first expansion device, an evaporator for evaporating refrigerant introduced into the evaporator, to dehumidify indoor air, a second expansion device arranged between the outdoor heat exchanger and the evaporator, to expand refrigerant introduced into the second expansion device, a first bypass line connected to guide refrigerant emerging from the indoor heat exchanger to flow toward the evaporator after bypassing the first expansion device and the outdoor hea