Abstract: A system of an aircraft includes an inlet arranged in fluid communication with a bleed air source such that the inlet is configured to receive a flow of bleed air. A compressing device includes a compressor having a compressor inlet fluidly connected to the inlet. A heat exchanger is fluidly coupled to an outlet of the compressor. The heat exchanger includes a first pass and a second pass, both of which are located downstream from the compressor. An outlet of the first pass is directly connected to an inlet of the second pass via a first conduit. The outlet of the first pass is also fluidly connected to an inlet of the compressor via a second conduit such that a portion of the bleed air output from the first pass is returned to the compressor inlet via the second conduit.

Abstract: An aircraft air conditioning system including an ambient air supply line having a first end connected to an ambient air inlet and a second end connected to a mixer of the aircraft air conditioning system so as to supply ambient air to the mixer. A first compressor is arranged in the ambient air supply line and is configured to compress the ambient air flowing through the ambient air supply line. A bleed air supply line allows a flow of bleed air bled off from an engine or an auxiliary power unit therethrough. A bleed air turbine is driven by the bleed air flowing through the bleed air supply line and is coupled to the first compressor so as to drive the first compressor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air conditioner system, in which an air-cooled condenser mounted on a refrigerant circulation line between a water-cooled condenser and an expansion valve and a blower fan for blowing air to the air-cooled condenser are arranged at one side of the water-cooled condenser in a state of being disposed in a row in the air flow direction and are arranged within the width of the one side of the water-cooled condenser, thereby enabling the enhancement of installability and assemblability inside an engine room by simplifying and reducing the package, reducing noise of the blower fan and securing adequate cooling performance because of the blower fan disposed between two air-cooled heat exchangers even when inflowing air is insufficient, such as in an idling condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (12) for the recovery of energy from exhaust gases from at least one turboshaft engine, comprising a turbine (34) fitted rotatably around a recovery shaft (40), adapted to bleed off at least a part (14) of the exhaust gases, known as bleed gases (14), and to expand said bleed gases (14) to become expanded gases (42) at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, a first heat exchanger (44), adapted to use a cold source (45) to cool said expanded gases (42) to become cooled gases (46), and a compressor (36) fitted rotatably around said recovery shaft (40), adapted to compress said cooled gases (46) to atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a rooftop air conditioning unit for a bus or other vehicle. The air conditioning unit includes a frame, a condenser section mounted on the frame and a HVAC section mounted on the frame. The condenser section is positioned along a central longitudinal axis of the air conditioning unit, and the HVAC section is positioned in a distributed way on the two opposite sides of the condenser section and comprises at least one pair of HVAC modules, each of which includes a box-shaped base of plastic material mounted on the frame, inside which a respective blower, evaporator and heater are mounted.

Abstract: A method and aircraft for providing bleed air to environmental control systems of an aircraft using a gas turbine engine, including determining a bleed air demand for the environmental control systems, proportionally supplying low pressure and high pressure bleed air to the environmental control systems, wherein the proportional supplying is controlled such that the conditioned air stream satisfies the determined bleed air demand.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for an aircraft is provided. The air conditioning system includes a first rotating component and a second rotating component. The first rotating component includes a compressor and a turbine. The compressor pressurizes a first medium. The first turbine receives a mixture of a second medium and a pressurized form of the first medium. The second rotating component includes a fan.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a condenser (18) flowing a flow of refrigerant therethrough, and a falling film evaporator (12) in flow communication with the condenser. The falling film evaporator includes a plurality of evaporator tubes (38) through which a volume of thermal energy transfer medium is flowed and a distributor (42) to distribute a flow of liquid refrigerant over the plurality of evaporator tubes. The distributor includes a distributor box (46) and a distribution sheet (48) positioned at a bottom surface of the distributor box having a plurality of ports (56) therein to distribute the flow of liquid refrigerant downwardly over the plurality of evaporator tubes. A plurality of baffles (56) is positioned at the distribution sheet to divide the distributor box into a plurality of compartments to ensure a homogeneous flow of the liquid refrigerant is delivered through the plurality of ports.

Abstract: An air conditioner of a vehicle includes a cooling line forming a cooling path of air, having an evaporator disposed therein, and discharging cooled air. A heating line forms a heating path of air, has a condenser that is disposed in the heating path and is connected with the evaporator, and discharges heated air.

Abstract: An airplane is provided. The airplane includes a first medium at a first pressure, a second medium at a second pressure, a third medium at a third pressure; and an air conditioning system. The air conditioning system includes a compressor, a first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the first medium to the third medium, a second heat exchanger configured to reject heat from the first medium, a third heat exchanger configured to reject heat from the second medium, a first turbine configured to receive the first medium, and a second turbine configured to receive the second medium.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system for an aircraft includes a compressed air branch for conveying externally supplied and pressurized air, preferably bleed air. Furthermore, a cooling circuit for conveying preferably liquid refrigerant is provided and extends through a ram air duct. The system also includes a first heat exchanger for the heat transfer between the compressed air branch and the cooling circuit, a compressed air turbine arranged in the compressed air branch and a cooling circuit compressor arranged in the cooling circuit and mechanically coupled to the compressed air turbine. The system can have a modular design and be positioned at optimal locations in the aircraft due to the separation of the compressed air branch and the cooling circuit. In this way, the length of hot compressed air ducts can be shortened.

Abstract: An air conditioning unit including a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator system having an evaporator coil and a plurality of evaporator fins in contact with the evaporator coil, wherein the evaporator system forms a generally hollow cylindrical shape, a blower having an intake side and an exhaust side, the blower adapted to draw a volume of air through the plurality of evaporator fins and expel the volume of air in a direction generally perpendicular with a longitudinal axis of the evaporator system, and an exhaust shroud arranged adjacent the exhaust side of the blower, wherein the exhaust shroud is adapted for rotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the evaporator system, the compressor is arranged in fluid communication with the evaporator system and the condenser, and the evaporator is arranged in fluid communication with the condenser.

Abstract: An intercooler for a vehicle that cools a mixture of EGR gas and exhaust gas may include a cooler main body with an inlet portion through which the mixture flows in formed at one side thereof and an outlet portion through which the mixture flows out formed at the other end side thereof, connection tubes that connect the inlet portion with the outlet portion and are arranged from an upper side to a lower side of the cooler main body to cool the mixture, and a condensate storage unit that connects a lower end portion of the inlet portion with a lower end portion of the outlet portion and stores the condensate that is formed in the connection tubes.

Abstract: An aircraft air conditioning system including a process air line having a first end connected to a process air source to allow a flow of process air therethrough. A ram air channel of the air conditioning system allows ambient air flow therethrough. A heat exchanger unit is disposed in the process air line and arranged within the ram air channel to thermally couple process air flowing through the process air line to ambient air flowing through the ram air channel. A water extractor disposed in the process air line downstream of the heat exchanger unit extracts water from the process air. A water supply system supplies extracted water into the ram air channel. The water supply system has a control arrangement to control a fluid connection between the water extractor and the ram air channel in dependence on an operating state of the aircraft air conditioning system.

Abstract: A desiccant air conditioner has a high energy efficiency due to the absence of excessive heat loss due to ventilation. In order to meet this requirement, the desiccant air conditioner is equipped with a honeycomb rotor wash-coated with agents having capabilities of absorptions of humidity, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and this honeycomb rotor is divided into at least an absorption zone and a desorption zone. The air in a room is, after being passed through the absorption zone, fed back to the room, and the air which is passed through the desorption zone is exhausted into outside of the room. In this way, carbon dioxide and nitrogen in a room, the latter quantity being corresponded to that of the consumed oxygen in the room, are exhausted into outside of the room, allowing to exhaust carbon dioxide and at the same time to keep the oxygen density to within an allowed limit without the need of excessive ventilation.

Abstract: An aircraft having a cooling system is disclosed. The cooling system can be used to cool a heat emitting component. In one form the cooling system is a refrigerant system and includes a relatively high temperature device such as, but not limited to, a condenser. The relatively high temperature component is placed in thermal communication with a passing air flow. In one embodiment the aircraft includes a pod in which at least a portion of the cooling system is disposed. For example, a condenser of a vapor cycle refrigerant system can be located in the pod and in thermal communication with the air flow. The cooling system can also include a device capable of delivering a cooling fluid into the air flow and/or to the relatively high temperature component. The cooling fluid can be evaporated to provided additional cooling.

Abstract: Battery powered transport refrigeration assembly for semi-trailers. The assembly relates to large-vehicle refrigeration systems (reefers) and more particularly to semi-truck reefers.

Abstract: An aircraft cooling system comprising a refrigerating device and a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the refrigerating device. A ram air duct of the aircraft cooling system is adapted to supply cooling air to the heat exchanger, in order to remove waste heat generated in the operation of the refrigerating device from the heat exchanger to the aircraft surroundings. A connecting element comprises a first end connected to the ram air duct and a second end connectable to a device for providing conditioned air and is adapted to supply conditioned air to the ram air duct, at least in certain operating phases of the aircraft cooling system.

Abstract: A vehicle including a vehicle body, an air conditioning unit, and a fairing. The vehicle body includes a roof having a front portion and a rear portion. The air conditioning unit is disposed within the vehicle body and includes a condenser configured to receive air from outside the vehicle body through an opening in the rear portion of the roof. The fairing is disposed over the rear portion of the roof and the opening thereby defining an interior volume between the fairing and the rear portion of the roof. The fairing includes a leading portion oriented toward the front portion of the roof. The leading portion has an air inlet such that when the vehicle moves in a forward direction air from outside the vehicle body enters the interior volume through the air inlet, passes through the opening, and passes through the condenser.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a start-stop vehicle employs a compressor with a variable displacement. A controller determines a normal Climate Thermal Load (CTL) value for controlling a variable stroke of the variable displacement compressor. A stop event is detected in response to a speed of the vehicle and the occurrence of a predetermined deceleration. During the stop event, the variable stroke is increased by an amount determined in response to the normal CTL value, the speed of the vehicle, and a measure of the deceleration of the vehicle so that an evaporator temperature within the air conditioning system is allowed to decrease while the vehicle is stopping so that climate comfort can be maintained even while the engine is shut off during the subsequent time that the vehicle is stopped.

Abstract: An engine configured to drive a compressor of a vehicle air conditioning system is controlled based on a threshold condition. In at least one embodiment, a comfort-level selection is received, a threshold condition is determined based on the comfort-level, and a vehicle interior condition is detected. The engine is requested to run if the interior condition exceeds the threshold condition.

Abstract: A manifold for an air conditioning machine includes a housing with an internal structure defining a first plenum, a second plenum, and a duct. The housing further includes a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a first end mounting face, a second end mounting face, a top sidewall, and a bottom sidewall. The housing also includes a first inlet to the first plenum, a first outlet from the first plenum, a second inlet to the second plenum, a second outlet to the second plenum, a third inlet to the duct, and a third outlet to the duct. The manifold also includes a plurality of windows, a plurality of doublers, a plurality of lugs, and a plurality of flanges.

Abstract: A cooling system constructed to cool down an accumulator mounted on a motor vehicle is herein presented. The cooling system sequentially controls an air blower to restrict the air blow to the accumulator, controls the air blow mode switchover module to switch over the active air blow mode after restriction of the air blow to the accumulator, and controls the air blower to release the restriction of the air blow to the accumulator after the switchover of the active air blow mode by the air blow mode switchover module.

Abstract: An environmental control apparatus includes (A) a condensation air flow loop in which a fan driven when the aircraft is moved on the ground or flies performs a thermal exchange with a condenser of a cooling/heating flow loop; (B) the cooling/heating flow loop, including an evaporator, a compressor configured to have a rotating shaft coupled to the shaft of a ram air turbine, a condenser configured to perform a thermal exchange by the condensation air flow loop, and an expansion valve configured to expand the refrigerant condensed by the condenser, wherein the evaporator, the compressor, the condenser, and the expansion valve are interconnected by a refrigerant circulation line; (C) an air circulation loop for circulating and supplying cooled or heated air to a camera/electronic unit so that the camera/electronic unit maintains a constant temperature; and (D) a controller for controlling the driving of the elements in each of the loops.

Abstract: A household appliance includes a drying chamber, a process air loop and a heat pump. The heat pump includes a heat transfer loop containing a heat transfer fluid, an evaporator heat exchanger, a liquefier heat exchanger, a compressor, and a nozzle. The heat transfer fluid has a critical temperature above 60° C., a nominal heat of vaporization at boiling point of at least 220 kJ/kg, a GWP index of less than 150 and a lower flammability level of at least 0.1 kg/m3. Preferably, the household appliance is a dryer for drying wet laundry.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system of an electric car has an air-conditioning unit which is configured to perform air-conditioning in a passenger compartment by heater/cooler operation, a setting panel configured to set a target temperature of the passenger compartment, and a control unit which is connected to the air-conditioning unit and setting panel, and has different control of heater operation of the air-conditioning unit, wherein the control unit is configured to select controls of heater operation based on a vehicle speed v.

Abstract: A hybrid air conditioning system for a combustion engine vehicle. When the combustion engine is running and a rechargeable battery unit is not at full charge, an electric machine is configured by an MCU control unit as mechanically coupled to the combustion engine, and a battery charger is configured as electrically connected to the rechargeable battery unit such that the electric machine generates electric power to recharge the rechargeable battery unit. When the combustion engine stops and air conditioning is required, the rechargeable battery unit is configured by the MCU control unit as electrically connected to a motor drive, and the electric machine is configured as mechanically coupled to the compressor to provide mechanical power to drive the compressor. This allows the automobile air conditioning system to operate for a limited period of time after the combustion engine stops.

Abstract: A system, including a motion-driven air compressor, configured to compress air in response to motion of a vehicle, and an air storage enclosure configured to store a compressed air from the motion-driven air compressor, wherein the system is configured to deliver the compressed air to a vehicle subsystem to decrease a cost of operating the vehicle.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a cooling system for a motor vehicle. One embodiment comprises a visor apparatus that includes an exterior visor having an inner face, and an opposite outer face, and a heat exchanger attached to the inner face of the exterior visor. The heat exchanger has an inlet and an outlet. An exchange bed is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. A cooling system circuit is located within the motor vehicle and is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: Aircraft environmental control systems having a single ram air inlet providing air to both cabin air compressors and associated heat exchangers are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, and environmental control system for use with an aircraft includes a ram air inlet, an air conditioning pack, and an associated heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the ram air inlet provides a first portion of air to the air conditioning pack, and a second portion of air to the associated heat exchanger. The first portion of air flows from the air conditioning pack and through the heat exchanger before flowing into an aircraft cabin. The second portion of air from the ram air inlet cools the first portion of air in the heat exchanger before exiting the aircraft through a ram air outlet. The inlet and outlet can be modulated on an optimized schedule to minimize the net drag of the ram system.

Abstract: An ice crusher is attached to an ice dispenser or to a combined ice and beverage dispenser. The ice crusher occupies minimal space in order to fit the dispenser into an existing space on a serving counter or in a beverage dispensing area. The ice crusher may also elevate the ice. In embodiments using this technique, the outlet of the ice from the ice crusher is higher than the ice inlet. As the ice flows from a source of ice, such as an ice bin, the ice is elevated while it is being crushed. The ice then flows from the outlet of the ice crusher down an ice chute or other outlet of the ice crusher, into a cup or container as desired. Other embodiments convey the ice without lifting it, and still other embodiments dispense either crushed or cubed ice, as the consumer may select. In one embodiment the selected crushed ice or cubed ice are both dispensed though the same ice dispensing chute.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting a low charge condition in an air conditioner for a vehicle. The system first determines whether noise factors are present that would interfere with reliably measuring a pressure delta. If noise factors are not present, the system determines a pressure delta value for the compressor by comparing the high side pressure when the clutch is engaged to a high side pressure when the clutch is disengaged. If the pressure delta value is less than a threshold value, a low charge condition may be recorded. When the number of low charge conditions detected exceeds a predetermined number of events, the system may set a temperature diagnostic trouble code, disable the air conditioning system and alert the driver of a potential problem.

Abstract: A single housing is utilized to mount both an internal fan, and an external alternate flow passage closed by a check valve. The alternate flow passage is defined between an inner and outer wall of the single housing, while the fan is mounted within the inner wall.

Abstract: A coolant pumping system for a mobile electronic system includes a coolant reservoir containing a coolant, a heat exchanger member fluidly connected to the coolant reservoir, and a mass moveably mounted to the mobile electronic system. The mass is moved along at least one axis in response to at least one of accelerations and orientation changes of the mobile electronic system. The coolant system further includes a force transfer member operatively connected between the mass and the coolant reservoir. The force transfer member urges the coolant from the coolant reservoir through the heat exchanger member in response to movements of the mass.

Abstract: The position of a damper is changed over to switch over the cooling mode between an inside air intake mode and an A/C intake mode. In the inside air intake mode, the air inside a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle is taken in and directly blown to a battery by the operation of a battery blower fan. In the A/C intake mode, the air cooled down by an air conditioner (evaporator) is taken in and blown to the battery by the operation of the battery blower fan. When the detected vehicle speed V is not lower than a preset reference speed Vref, the position of the damper is immediately changed over (steps S240 to S260). When the vehicle speed V is lower than the preset reference speed Vref, on the other hand, the operation amount of the battery blower fan is restricted to a preset limit level Qlim, prior to the changeover of the position of the damper (steps S220 to S260).

Abstract: A refrigeration power system for cooling a storage compartment in a vehicle includes a power source independent of a vehicle battery. The power source provides power to a refrigeration unit that includes a variable speed compressor. The refrigeration power system determines available power and varies the speed of the compressor accordingly to provide a lesser amount of cooling at start-up or when the available power value is less than a required power value. The power system operates the variable speed compressor at the required power value when the available power value is large enough to provide a cooling capacity so that the storage compartment obtains a pre-selected temperature. Power sources, and alternate power sources, include a vehicle generator, a shore power supply, a battery bank and a vehicle battery provided on the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for suctioning the boundary layer at the surface (1) of an aircraft having an air-conditioning system (4), at whose flow-critical points of the surface multiple suction openings (2) are provided, the air quantity suctioned via these being discharged to the atmosphere again via at least one outlet (7) placed in a way favorable for flow, the air quantity suctioned from the surface (1) being fed to the air-conditioning system (4) of the aircraft, via whose outlet (7) the air quantity suctioned is discharged to the atmosphere together with the exhaust air of the air-conditioning system (4), to reduce flow losses.

Abstract: Aircraft environmental control systems having a single ram air inlet providing air to both cabin air compressors and associated heat exchangers are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, and environmental control system for use with an aircraft includes a ram air inlet, an air conditioning pack, and an associated heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the ram air inlet provides a first portion of air to the air conditioning pack, and a second portion of air to the associated heat exchanger. The first portion of air flows from the air conditioning pack and through the heat exchanger before flowing into an aircraft cabin. The second portion of air from the ram air inlet cools the first portion of air in the heat exchanger before exiting the aircraft through a ram air outlet. The inlet and outlet can be modulated on an optimized schedule to minimize the net drag of the ram system.

Abstract: A system for refrigerating ambient air flowing into a moving racing vehicle and delivering it to the passenger compartment, such as through the driver seat, into a helmet, driver's suit, and/or other locations within the cockpit to mitigate the effects of excessive heat, or to cool mechanical or electrical components of the vehicle. The system includes a coolant container unit, such an insulated cooler having inflow and outflow ports connected to a delivery conduit system, that receives fresh air from the vehicle's air intake system and directs it through a conduit system, such as coiled cooper tubing which is surrounded by an endothermic material dry ice (CO2), thus refrigerating the air for distribution via the delivery conduit system to a desired location within the cockpit of the vehicle or a location such a the brake system.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuel automobile has a heat medium passage through which a heat medium which can exchange heat with a drive portion and can be supplied to a heat medium pipe for a hydrogen tank flows. An air cooling apparatus has a compressor for compressing a refrigerant gas, a condenser, an evaporator and a refrigerant circuit. The hydrogen fuel automobile is provided with a bypass passage which branches from the refrigerant circuit so that expanded refrigerant liquid detours the evaporator so as to be drawn into the compressor. A switch portion can switch between a state where the refrigerant liquid passes through the evaporator so as to be drawn into the compressor and a state where the refrigerant liquid detours the evaporator so as to flow through the bypass passage. The hydrogen storage material cooling portion cools the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen tank using the refrigerant liquid that flows through the bypass passage.

Abstract: According to the invention, means (11) are provided that are able to recover, when said aircraft is in cruising flight phase or in a flight phase close to cruising, the energy of the release of the conditioned air when the latter passes from the conditioned zone (2) to outside the aircraft and to use the recovered energy in the air conditioning of the aircraft.

Abstract: A waste energy-based vehicle air conditioning system includes efficient compression driving means coupled to refrigeration means, which greatly reduces the extra fuel otherwise required to operate conventional vehicle air conditioning systems. In one implementation, the compression driving means includes a controller (e.g., magnetic clutch) that couples mechanical waste energy from an engine fan axle, a vehicle drive shaft, or a transmission shaft directly to an axle of a refrigerant compressor. Alternatively, the controller can also include a battery that is charged from the mechanical waste energy. Upon detecting the presence of vehicle waste energy, such as the driver's foot releasing from a gas pedal, the controller powers the refrigerant compressor with a rotating axle (e.g., during deceleration) or with the vehicle's battery power, as appropriate. One or more kits can be used to retrofit existing vehicles to operate the respective air conditioning systems principally on waste energy.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention include systems, methods, and apparatus for improving the fuel efficiency (mpg/kpl) of a motor vehicle during those times when the vehicle air conditioning system is operating. Whenever the driver takes his foot off the gas, or the vehicle engine is otherwise caused to decelerate, the refrigerant compressor clutch engages, allowing the compressor to operate on previously-imparted vehicle waste energy (e.g., imparted by the engine, or by downhill travel.) When the refrigerant pressure reaches a pre-set maximum value, the clutch is deactivated, and the compressor stops. When the refrigerant pressure reaches a pre-set minimum level, the clutch is activated regardless of the existence of vehicle waste energy. When the refrigerant pressure reaches another pre-set level between the aforementioned maximum and minimum levels, in the absence of any vehicle waste energy, the clutch is again deactivated and the compressor stops.

Abstract: A waste energy-based vehicle air conditioning system includes efficient compression driving means coupled to refrigeration means. In one implementation, the compression driving means includes a controller (e.g., magnetic clutch) that couples mechanical waste energy from an engine fan axle, a vehicle drive shaft, or a transmission shaft to an axle of a refrigerant compressor. Alternatively, the controller can also include a battery that is charged from the mechanical waste energy. Upon detecting certain pressure values, the controller powers the refrigerant compressor with a rotating axle (e.g., during deceleration) or with battery power, as appropriate. In one implementation, the controller is configured to engage compression immediately upon detecting that the vehicle is decelerating. One or more kits can be used to retrofit existing vehicles to operate the respective air conditioning systems principally on waste energy.

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention include systems, methods, and apparatus for improving the fuel efficiency (mpg/kpl) of a motor vehicle during those times when the vehicle air conditioning system is operating. Whenever the driver takes his foot off the gas, or the vehicle engine is otherwise caused to decelerate, the refrigerant compressor clutch engages, allowing the compressor to operate on previously-imparted vehicle waste energy (e.g., imparted by the engine, or by downhill travel.) When the refrigerant pressure reaches a pre-set maximum value, the clutch is deactivated, and the compressor stops. When the refrigerant pressure reaches a pre-set minimum level, the clutch is activated regardless of the existence of vehicle waste energy. When the refrigerant pressure reaches another pre-set level between the aforementioned maximum and minimum levels, in the absence of any vehicle waste energy, the clutch is again deactivated and the compressor stops.

Abstract: There is provided a system for pumping thermal energy. The system includes (a) a heater for heating a liquid, (b) a gas-liquid contactor for adding vapor from the liquid to a process gas to produce a vapor-containing gas, and (c) a membrane permeator for removing the vapor from the vapor-containing gas and for providing a resultant vapor. The system transfers a quantity of thermal energy from the heater to the resultant vapor.

Abstract: A vehicular air-conditioner includes a compressor to be driven by an engine. The vehicular air-conditioner includes a controller configured to reduce a load on the compressor in response to a braking condition of a vehicle.

Abstract: When a vehicle approaches a station, this is detected by means of spot detection and vehicle velocity detection, and operation of a ventilator is slowed down or stopped when the vehicle is at a stop at the station. This allows the numbers of revolutions of an indoor blower, an outdoor blower and a compressor of an air conditioner to be reduced by half, with the heat load being reduced by half. This operation control can reduce the powers of sound sources constituting the interior noise, thereby reducing the interior noise.

Abstract: A cooling system is provided for a vehicle that includes an air-cooled coolant radiator and air-cooled gas cooler to cool a gas flow of a CO2 type air conditioning system of the vehicle. The cooling system includes a pre-cooler for pre-cooling of the refrigerant by transferring heat from the refrigerant either to the coolant flowing through the radiator or to a cooling air flow passing through the radiator, or both.

Abstract: There is provided a system for pumping thermal energy. The system includes (a) a membrane permeator for removing vapor from a process gas and for providing a vapor-depleted process gas, and (b) a gas-liquid contactor for adding vapor from a liquid to a vapor-depleted gas to produce a vapor-added process gas. The system transfers a quantity of thermal energy from the liquid to the vapor-added process gas, and is also capable of upgrading the thermal energy to a higher temperature. The system may be used for various heat pump applications including chilling and waste heat or low level heat recovery.