Abstract: A cooling apparatus for use in a cooling system. The cooling apparatus has many evaporators disposed transversely to a longitudinal direction of a cool air duct. The refrigerant is supplied respectively to the evaporators by a valve device. Each evaporator has a conductive pipe which is wound spirally. Many blowers are disposed to each of the evaporators respectively. The diameter of wound part of the conductive pipe increases gradually along the circulating direction of the cool air, so the evaporators substantially have cone-shapes. Many defrosting heaters are disposed coaxially with the conductive pipes respectively. Since the evaporators are controlled respectively, at least one evaporator is operated during the defrosting operation of other evaporators, so the cooling efficiency is increased. Also, the heat exchange is performed uniformly on the entire areas of the evaporators by the spirally wound conductive pipes, the cooling apparatus has high efficiency of cooling.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a method for circulating cold air in the refrigerator are provided for blocking the backward stream of cold air within a freezing chamber and a main cold air duct into a cold chamber regardless of occurrence of a pressure difference caused by different supply amount of the cold air to the freezing chamber and cold chamber, thereby preventing freezing of food within the cold chamber. For this, an evaporator produces the cold air supplied to the freezing chamber, and a fan apparatus draws in the cold air within the freezing chamber. Ducts allowing for the flow of the cold air includes the main cold air duct which leads the cold air admitted from the fan apparatus to return to the freezing chamber via the evaporator, a cooling duct branched from the main cold air duct to supply the cold air to the cold chamber and a cold air return duct for leading the cold air within the cold chamber to return to the evaporator.

Abstract: An evaporator (10) having an electric heating cable (20) for defrosting the evaporator comprises a tubular element (12), through which a refrigerant flows. The element (12) is constituted by an inner pipe (16) and an outer pipe (22) arranged on the outside of the inner pipe. The heating cable (20) is arranged between the pipes (16, 22) in a groove (18) arranged on the outside of the inner pipe (16).

Abstract: A microwave heat pump defroster system, utilizing a magnetron tube, or other microwave energy generating device, for the application of heat to the external surfaces of the outside coil of an electric heat pump, while the heat pump is operating in the heating mode for the following purposes, (1) to defrost the outside coil of the heat pump, (2) to inhibit the accumulation of frost on the external surfaces of the outside coil of the heat pump, and (3) to allow heat so applied to the external surfaces of the outside coil of the heat pump to be absorbed into the heat pump system via the outside coil of the heat pump, in a manner that will improve the efficiency of the heat pump.

Abstract: A refrigerating exchanger (1) for a refrigeration facility such as a cold storage room or a refrigerated display case, including a refrigerant or heat-removing fluid circulating assembly (5) connected to a heat exchanging assembly (6) with a large surface area. The assemblies (5, 6) form an array of several layers (7) and several rows (8) in the form of a plurality of mutually similar parallel members (9) separated by spacers (10) for providing heat insulation and collecting defrosting runoff water. Each member (9) comprises at least one layer (7) as well as a respective inlet (11) and outlet (12) forming part of the circulating assembly (5).

Abstract: A refrigerator having increased cooling efficiency is disclosed. A passage for the flow of the chilled air exhausted from a freezing compartment and a passage for the flow of the chilled air exhausted from a refrigerating compartment are separately formed. An attaching plate is installed near an evaporator in order to primarily cool and dehumidify the chilled air exhausted from the refrigerating compartment. The attaching plate is vertically installed and has a plurality of pores. A heat exchange between the chilled air from the refrigerating compartment and the attaching plate occurs. The humidity contained in the chilled air from the refrigerating compartment is transformed into frost attached to the attaching plate. The frost is transformed into water by a heater provided below an evaporator and the attaching plate and is exhausted outward.

Abstract: A defrost heater for a cooling appliance, such as a refrigerator or freezer, which has multiple sets of evaporator coils includes a formed glass tube enclosing an electrical resistance wire. The glass tube is substantially bell-shaped, the opposite ends of which are mounted below one set of evaporator coils. The heater includes upwardly curving portions extending upwardly in the clearance between two of the sets of evaporator coils and a downwardly facing portion connecting the upwardly extending portions of the tube which lies adjacent to the lower edge of an upper set of evaporator coils.

Abstract: A defrost heater for a refrigerator, freezer or other appliance having evaporator coils upon which moisture condenses and freezes includes a glass tube having an electrical resistance heating wire within the tube. A pair of connectors on opposite ends of the tube support a conductor for supplying electrical energy to the resistance heating wire. A spiral vent path in at least one of the conductors circumscribes the surface of the conductor and engages the outer surface of the tube to thereby provide an elongated, circuitous vent path which permits venting of air within the tube as it is heated, but prevents moisture from being drawn into the tube. A resilient sealing member defines a bore receiving the conductor to prevent moisture from entering the connector around the conductor.

Abstract: A defrost cycle controller for a refrigeration system encompassing a compressor; a defrost heater; a thermostatic switch coupled in series with said compressor to control operation of said compressor; a bimetallic switch coupled in series with said defrost heater to control operation of said defrost heater; and a relay coupled to mutually exclusively couple the compressor or defrost heater to a power supply, the relay having a normally closed contact which is in series with said compressor and a normally open contact coupled in series with said defrost heater.

Abstract: A refrigerator has freezing and cooling compartments, and a cooling device disposed in a space between those compartments. The cooling device includes a refrigerant-conducting pipe arrangement. Attached to that pipe arrangement is a deodorizer comprised of an odor adsorbing element and a heater for heating the odor adsorbing element. The deodorizer is suspended from pipe sections of the pipe arrangement so as to extend transversely relative to a direction of air flow through the cooling device. The cooling device includes a defrosting heater actuated simultaneously with the deodorizer heater so that both heaters perform a defrosting function.

Abstract: A defrost assembly for the evaporator of a refrigerator comprises a thin heating plate of thermally conductive material underlying the evaporator. An electric cord is mounted to an underside of the heating plate for heating the heating plate. A thermal insulating board underlies the heating plate. A thermally responsive cut-off terminates flow to the electric cord when the evaporator reaches a prescribed temperature. A rear portion of the heating plate forms a channel for draining-off melted water.

Abstract: A combination evaporator and radiant heater defrost means including a heater housing which prevents defrost water from impinging directly on the heater while enhancing defrosting of the evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigerator having an enclosed compartment for storing food to be cooled, an evaporator including a refrigerant flowing therethrough for cooling the food in the compartment, a defrosting device, and a defrost override device. The defrosting device periodically heats the evaporator for removing the accumulated frost for controlled periods. The defrost override device automatically deactivates the defrosting device when the heating of the evaporator continues for longer than a preset time. The defrost override device may also automatically activate the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator. In this manner the refrigerator of this invention can store food without overheating during the defrosting operation.

Abstract: A refrigerating machine (10) of the refrigerator or freezer type comprises a device (33) for defrosting cold parts to transform the ice into water to be discharged. It has an end-of-defrosting detector (20) comprising:(1) a reservoir (24) which receives the water to be discharged, one of the branches (23) of a siphon (21) extending into said reservoir in order to drain the reservoir when the water reaches the level required for activation of the siphon, the other branch (22) being situated externally of the reservoir,(2) a light barrier (27, 28), comprising a light source and a light receiver arranged around the other branch (22) of the siphon in such a way that the light beam of the light barrier is interrupted by the passage of water through said other branch while defrosting is in progress, and(3) a electric circuit (30, 31, 32, 34) which stops defrosting when the light beam is not interrupted for a predetermined time.

Abstract: A method for controlling the defrosting of evaporators provided for refrigerator-freezer units which are cooled by a single compressor. The method includes the steps of forcedly resetting the defrosting timer to its cooling mode after entering defrosting mode after the defrosting of a preset number of evaporators. The remaining undefrosted evaporators are warmed by their remaining heat after the forced resetting, by supplying electric current to their defrosting heaters sooner than the already defrosted evaporators in the next defrosting, by supplying additional electric current to their defrosting heaters after the forced resetting, by accomplishing a complete defrosting in an unsalable mode, by using outside air for defrosting by stopping their outer fans or by additional heating via auxiliary defrosting heaters.

Abstract: A method for controlling the defrosting of evaporators provided for refrigerator-freezer units which are cooled by a single compressor. The method includes the steps of forcedly resetting the defrosting timer to its cooling mode after entering defrosting mode after the defrosting of a preset number of evaporators. The remaining undefrosted evaporators are warmed by their remaining heat after the forced resetting, by supplying electric current to their defrosting heaters sooner than the already defrosted evaporators in the next defrosting, by supplying additional electric current to their defrosting heaters after the forced resetting, by accomplishing a complete defrosting in an unsalable mode, by using outside air for defrosting by stopping their outer fans or by additional heating via auxiliary defrosting heaters.

Abstract: An air cooler having coolant tubes, a drain, a pair of coolant tube supports and a defroster for preventing condensate in the drain from freezing. The coolant tube supports include a vertical plate provided with a pair of horizontally spaced notches for supporting the defroster. The notches open to the lower edge of the plate and converge towards one another.

Abstract: The baffle for controlling flow of chilled air through the divider wall between the frozen food and fresh food compartments of a refrigerator is coupled to a motor driven cam which indexes the baffle open or closed in response to commands from a conventional control unit. Electrical switches for controlling the compressor and defrost heater of the refrigerator are positioned axially along the cam to be operated selectively by concentric cam surfaces as the cam is rotated by the motor. A cam follower engages another concentric cam surface to operate another set of switches to apply rotational positional feedback signals to the control unit. The cam surfaces are shaped and the baffle is coupled to the cam such that unidirectional rotation of the cam in response to commands from the control unit operates the switches synchronously with the baffle to selectively cool the frozen food and fresh food compartments and defrost the evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigerator with a freezing chamber has a freezing chamber, and cooling chamber having a forced air circulating path provided adjacent to the freezing chamber for intaking the air in the freezing chamber, cooling the intaken air by an evaporator and returning the cooled air to the freezing chamber. A damper plate for cutting off the air circulating path during the defrosting period of the evaporator is provided. The ON and OFF of this damper plate are controlled in response to the status change of the shape memory alloy memory which takes different statuses above and below a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A refrigerator with a freezing chamber and a cold chamber, wherein the freezing chamber is cooled rapidly by a main, fan-type, cooling system and a secondary, direct-type, cooling system. The secondary cooling system includes a box-like cooler having a projecting plate for placing food products thereon to provide uniform cooling within the freezing chamber. The refrigerator compressor is controlled in accordance with the temperature of the freezing chamber so as to be efficiently operated in the freezing cycle. Gas coolant is directed via control valves in accordance with the temperature of the freezing and cold chambers.

Abstract: A system for conditioning the air of a selected area, e.g. a room, of a house or other building structure, including individual refrigeration units for respectively heating and cooling the room. The respective units are sized according to the heating and cooling loads of the room, and when heating add blower motor and compressor heat and when cooling exclude such extraneous heat.

Abstract: A dehumidifier for converting warm moist air to dry cool air. The dehumidifier includes a fan for delivering warm moist air to a plenum chamber, a dehumidifier chamber mounted adjacent to and communicating with the plenum chamber and provided with a condensing surface, a device for supplying a refrigerant to the dehumidifier chamber, and a structure for supplying short bursts of heat to the condensing surface. The condensing surface can be tapered or straight lengthwise and can be of any cross-sectional shape. Further, the condensing surface can comprise a plurality of air passages, again tapered or straight and of any cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: An evaporative cooling unit for a refrigeration system includes a plurality of spaced, parallel metal heat exchanging fins provided with a plurality of openings receiving successive turns of a coiled tube adapted to carry refrigerant through the unit. The fins are further provided with snap-action cutouts extending from the periphery of the fins inwardly to a location between adjacent rows of the coil turns and a rod-like electric resistance heating element for periodicaly defrosting the unit is held in the cutouts. Each cutout includes an entry slot inwardly tapered to a throat defined by deformable edges spaced apart a distance marginally less than the diameter of the heating element to present resistance to the passage of the heating element through the throat and a notch communicating with the throat and within which the heating element is held.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a first cooling device i.e. a direct cooling evaporator and a second cooling device i.e. an indirect cooling device to cool a circulating air in a refrigerator box, in which a cold storage member is attached to the direct cooling evaporator whereby when the indirect cooling evaporator is heated for defrosting, the temperature rise of the direct cooling evaporator due to a refrigerant gas flowed from the indirect cooling evaporator back into the direct cooling evaporator is prevented.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a heat exchanger which includes an A-coil through which a heat-exchange medium (refrigerant) is circulated between an inlet and an outlet thereof, a compressor in fluid communication with the outlet for compressing a vapor phase of the heat-exchange medium, and means for generating heat beyond and as an augment to ambient temeprature sufficient to transform the liquid phase of the heat-exchange medium to its vapor phase during the passage of the heat-exchange medium from the inlet to the outlet with substantially total absorption of the heat by the heat-exchange medium for subsequent extraction of the heat from the vapor phase to effect desired heating.

Abstract: A refrigeration evaporator includes a serpentine refrigerant tube having a plurality of finned straight portions connected by unfinned U-shaped connecting portions to form a stacked assembly of side-by-side finned tube arrays. The fins are rectangular and are provided with a J-shaped cut-out at each corner. The J-shaped cut-outs at confronting corners of the fins of each immediately adjacent pair of finned tube arrays define a U-shaped heater receiving space extending the length of the arrays and which clampingly receives an elongated straight portion of a serpentine electric defroster heater in good heat conductive contact with each fin of the immediately adjacent pair of finned tube arrays. Each fin of the stacked assembly has at least two corners in engagement with the heater. The stacked assembly is disposed transversely in a duct having an air inlet and air outlet.

Abstract: The invention provides a heat pump system employing a refrigerant charged space and including at least two evaporators, one of which is an ambient air head absorber, and the other of which can be of the same type, or of the type obtaining heat from solar insolation, water, ground heat, etc. The coil or coils of an ambient air absorber must be defrosted periodically. In the system of the invention defrost heat is applied to the evaporator coil or coils while the compressor is operating, such defrost heat causing vaporization of the refrigerant therein. The system includes a pressure containment valve between the evaporator and the compressor that maintains the vapor pressure of the vaporizing liquid in the coil above the value at which the ice will readily melt, the valve releasing excess vapor to the compressor and then to the condenser which discharges the heat to the space to be heated. Thus, the only part of the defrost heat lost from the system is that required to melt the ice.

Abstract: A freezing refrigerator has a freezing box with side plates, top and bottom plates, and a back plate. Foodstuff products may be stored in the freezing box. The top, bottom and back plates are made of thermal conductive material. First and second envelopes are provided around the outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates. The top plate is cooled at a lower temperature by at least 5.degree. C. than the bottom plate. A heater is disposed on the outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates for purpose of melting the frost intensively produced on the inner surface of the top plate. The outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates have hydrophilic and smooth surfaces. The outer surface of the top plate is slanted downwardly toward the back plate with an inclination at approximately 10.degree. with respect to the horizontal surface. The defrosted water flows down along the outer surface. The outer surface of the top and back plates are provided with a receptacle for collecting water drops.

Abstract: A refrigerated display cabinet of the open top or open front type having a conduit extending around a storage and display space in the cabinet between an inlet and an outlet, refrigerated coils located in the conduit, air circulating fans for propelling air through the conduit over and/or around and/or through the refrigeration coils in a first direction during a refrigeration cycle, and in a second substantially opposite direction, during a defrost cycle, whereby during a defrost cycle ambient air is drawn into the conduit through the outlet and is passed around and/or through the refrigeration coils to defrost same, a supplemental defroster located in the conduit upstream of the refrigeration coils in the direction of air flow through the conduit in the defrost cycle; and, a sensing and control mechanism coupled with the supplemental defroster for sensing defrost conditions during the defrost cycle and for energizing the supplemental defroster means upon the detection of an abnormal defrost condition to the

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air circulating and cooling arrangement for a refrigerator cabinet including a fresh food and freezer storage compartment. A partition dividing the compartments includes a first wall defining the upper wall of fresh food compartment and a second wall defining the lower wall of the freezer compartment. A divider element arranged intermediate the partition walls separates a first passage for circulating air through the fresh food compartment and a second passage for circulating air through the freezer compartment. The evaporator is in heat exchange relation with a portion of the first passage so that air moving through the fresh food compartment contacts colder portions of the divider to remove moisture therefrom prior to passing through the evaporator. The heat leakage from that portion of the divider in heat exchange relation with the evaporator conductively links the evaporator to the fresh food compartment.

Abstract: An apparatus for neutralizing and purifying air comprises an air filter, a preliminary drier, two alternately operable driers, a turbine for moving the air, a cooling unit, a heating unit, a moistening unit, at least one conditioner, and connecting means for outputting the treated air. The cooling unit lowers the temperature of the air, and comprises a separator for liquids and a separator for solids. The heating unit brings the temperature of the air back up to between 250.degree. and 450.degree. C.

Abstract: An evaporator heat exchanger is disposed within a vertical, rectangular duct. A heater for defrosting the heat exchanger is disposed beneath the exchanger. During the defrost cycle heated air rises by convection vertically through the heat exchanger. The defrost cycle is initiated by sensing the pressure drop across the heat exchanger. This is done by extending a small diameter pipe through a wall of the duct downstream of the heat exchanger so that an air current is drawn through the pipe during normal operation of the system. A constant energy output heater heats the air current in the pipe so that the temperature of the heated current remains constant so long as the air volume flowing in the pipe remains constant. As the pressure drop across the heat exchanger increases as a result of an increasing frost buildup, relatively more air is drawn through the pipe. As a result the temperature of the heated air in the pipe decreases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for utilizing existing defrost heater conductors as a transmission medium for high frequency signals generated in response to selected control or alarm information. The signals are detected by a receiver connected to the heater conductors at a location remote from the evaporator coil and adjacent to the defrost heater power contactor. The detected signals are then routed to the various locations for selected control for alarm functions. Among such functions are providing remote readouts of temperature information from the refrigerator cooling section, providing alarm indications in the event of a malfunction within the cooling section resulting in over temperature, and energizing defrost heaters in response to accumulation of frost on the evaporator coil of the refrigeration system on a demand cycle defrost basis.

Abstract: Apparatus for defrosting a heat exchanger, comprises a plurality of spaced parallel heat exchanger fins having sets of circular, collared, axially aligned apertures. The collars of each set coacting to define an essentially continuous tube. Refrigerant tubes pass through the essentially continuous tubes defined by a majority of the sets of apertures and are sized for engagement by the collars of the apertures in intimate heat conductive relation. Axially replaceable electrical heating elements traverse the essentially continuous tubes defined by a minority of sets of apertures instead of refrigerant tubes and the heating elements are sized to fit loosely in the apertures so the heat is transmitted from the element to the collars both by radiation and by conduction and so that axial relative movement between the elements and the collars is enabled.

Abstract: The defrost pressure control system for a refrigerator includes a reservoir connected in communication with the evaporator of the refrigerating system. The reservoir is placed in heat exchange relationship with a portion of the refrigerator which remains at a relatively low temperature during defrosting so that a portion of the refrigerant in the system condenses in the reservoir during defrosting, thereby being effectively removed from the refrigerating system. A suitable heat sink may also be employed in the heat exchange relationship with the reservoir. Because of withdrawal of the aforementioned refrigerant, the pressure in the refrigerating system at the end of the defrosting operation is substantially below that which would otherwise be present. As a result the torque required to start the compressor is significantly reduced, thereby insuring effective starting of the compressor even when driven by an electric motor having a relatively low starting torque.

Abstract: A system for CO.sub.2 cooling of the cargo compartment of a refrigerated vehicle. A vessel carried by the vehicle holds liquid CO.sub.2 at pressure preferably not greater than about 125 psia. Liquid CO.sub.2 is supplied to first heat-exchanger where it is vaporized and warmed a predetermined amount while the pressure is maintained at at least about 80 psia. The pressure of the warmed CO.sub.2 is lowered to about atmospheric pressure without the creation of solid CO.sub.2, while simultaneously cooling the CO.sub.2 vapor, using a gas-driven motor through which the CO.sub.2 vapor is passed. The cooled CO.sub.2 vapor from the motor is passed through a second heat-exchanger, and a fan connected to the motor circulates the atmosphere in the cargo compartment in association with both heat-exchangers. The CO.sub.2 vapor from the second heat-exchanger is vented to the atmosphere exterior of cargo compartment.