Abstract: A method for removing moisture from an atmosphere within a freezer using a cryogen for freezing operations includes providing a freezing temperature with the cryogen at the atmosphere, reducing a temperature of the atmosphere with the cryogen for removing moisture in the form of droplets from the atmosphere, collecting the droplets on internal surfaces of the freezer, permitting the droplets to dwell for an amount of time in the atmosphere sufficient to freeze the droplets to become frozen droplets, and removing the frozen droplets from the freezer.

Abstract: A dispensing assembly for cold beverages includes a beverage supply conduit, an opening and closing tap for closing or opening the beverage supply conduit, a beverage dispensing conduit delimiting a fluid passage, a dispensing outlet arranged at the end of the dispensing conduit, an air supply conduit delimiting an air passage. The tap is directly connected to the dispensing outlet by providing a connecting coupling which connects the air supply conduit to the beverage dispensing conduit, the beverage dispensing conduit comprising a Venturi segment between the tap and the outlet in which, by flowing through the Venturi segment, the fluid passage reduces the cross section thereof and then increases the cross section thereof as in a Venturi conduit. An air passage regulating valve is provided in said air supply conduit for regulating the width of the air passage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling liquids, specifically beer, is disclosed. The method and apparatus utilize fluid carbon dioxide injected into a cooling apparatus. The cooling apparatus is submerged vertically in the beer when it is contained in a tank with the aim of cooling it.

Abstract: A cooling tower includes an evaporator vessel, a gas delivery tube partially disposed within the evaporator vessel to deliver a gas into the evaporator vessel and a water inlet that provides water to the evaporator vessel at a rate sufficient to maintain a controlled constant level of water within the evaporator vessel. A weir is disposed within the evaporator vessel adjacent the gas delivery tube to form a first fluid circulation path between a first weir end and a wall of the evaporator vessel and a second fluid circulation path, between a second weir end and an upper end of the evaporator vessel. During operation, gas introduced through the tube mixes with the water and the combined gas and fluid flow at a high rate with a high degree of turbulence along the first and second circulation paths defined around the weir, thereby promoting vigorous mixing and intimate contact between the gas and the water.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for freezing supercooled water, which method includes the steps of (1-1) filling said supercooled water in a sealed container, reducing pressure of said supercooled water to generate bubbles from the supercooled water, mixing said generated bubbles in the supercooled water, or (1-2) filling said supercooled water in a sealed container with a bubble-mixing inlet, reducing pressure of the supercooled water to mix bubbles into the supercooled water from outside of the container through the bubble mixing inlet, or (1-3) filling said supercooled water in the sealed container with the bubble-mixing inlet, introducing bubbles into the supercooled water from outside the container through the bubble-mixing inlet under pressure, mixing the bubbles into the supercooled water, (2) simultaneously repeating expansion, compression, disruption, clustering and disappearance of the bubbles mixed into the supercooled water and (3) thereby freezing the supercooled water by vigorously oscillating gas-liquid

Abstract: A method for preventing snow from melting and for packing a snow cover in an artificial ski facility, by injecting dry air or low-temperature air to permeate through a snow cover of an artificial ski facility. The entirety of the snow cover can be effectively cooled to reliably prevent snow from melting and to pack the snow cover as well. If high-temperature air is injected before the injection of the low-temperature air, the low-temperature air is permeated effectively and formation of frozen snow is prevented by the high-temperature air injected thereafter. In these methods, snow can be prevented from melting and the packing of the snow cover can be achieved more effectively, if the dry air, the low-temperature air, and the high-temperature air are injected from the bottom of the snow cover, through a header having a plurality of air injecting outlets. The header is preferably constructed in a tortuous or snake-shape or in a lattice, on a platform of the ski facility.

Abstract: An upper thermo module 4 is sandwiched between a cooling plate 1 the top surface of which is a cooling surface 10 for a thin plate W and an intermediate plate 2 forming a heat accumulator, while a lower thermo module 5 is sandwiched between the said intermediate plate and a water cooling plate 3. A temperature controller 6 operates both thermo modules 4 and 5 to transfer heat from the cooling plate 1 to the intermediate plate 2 and then to the water cooling plate 3 in order to set the temperature of the cooling plate 1 to a specified target value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved heat transfer device, such as the heat exchanger included in a system for cooling and conditioning air in a textile mill, the system having an air washer and the heat exchanger operating to cool water to be used in the air washer. Water is circulated through a chilling basin where it is cooled by a refrigeration system having evaporator panels in the basin, and the water flows through the basin from a supply inlet to a discharge outlet. Bubbler tubes discharge streams of air bubbles so that the air bubbles flow along the evaporator panels in close proximity thereto. Preferably, the streams of air bubbles are discharged from the bubbler tubes under pressure supplied by an air blower, with a manifold and connecting pipes supplying the pressurized air to the bubbler tubes. The bubbler tubes are preferably spaced from the outlet so that air bubbles do not enter the discharge outlet.

Abstract: An open top tank is provided in which slush ice may be rapidly formed by a method forcibly projecting the formed slush ice from the tank or by a method retaining the slush ice within the tank for removal therefrom by other means. In addition, the tank may be used to cool liquid therein such as propylene glycol down to -20.degree. F. -30.degree. F. such that food stuffs may be dipped into the chilled propylene glycol for quick freezing of the food. The tank is portable and needs only a supply of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure and propylene glycol (or water if slush ice is to be formed).

Abstract: An open top tank is provided in which slush ice may be rapidly formed by a method forcibly projecting the formed slush ice from the tank or by a method retaining the slush ice within the tank for removal therefrom by other means. In addition, the tank may be used to cool liquid therein such as proplylene glycol down to -20.degree. F.-30.degree. F. degrees such that food stuffs may be dipped into the chilled propylene glycol for quick freezing of the food. The tank is portable and needs only a supply of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure and propylene glycol (or water if slush ice is to be formed).

Abstract: A vented cold tank is provided and partially filled with a eutectic solution. CO.sub.2 snow forming structure is provided within the interior of the tank above the level of eutectic solution therein and liquid CO.sub.2 injection structure is provided in an lower portion of tank below the level of eutectic solution and arranged to create circulation of the eutectic solution within the tank including generally opposite upper and lower horizontal components of movement and generally opposite vertical components of movement of the solution within the tank. The CO.sub.2 injection structure also is operative to educt a portion of the circulating solution from a lower portion of the interior of the tank adjacent the bottom thereof, mix CO.sub.2 snow with the educted portion of solution, and downwardly direct the mixed CO.sub.

Abstract: A process for creating clear ice products where the potable water to be frozen is deoxygenated prior to freezing. A container for the potable clear ice product utilizes a plurality of packets joined together by flexible joints to form an ice pack. Each packet has a tear strip for facilitating the removal of the contents and each packet further has one side made from a mataerial providing for greater heat transfer than the other side of the packet.

Abstract: A separate refrigeration system in a conventional refrigerator for dispensing a chilled carbonated liquid such as water or a beverage from the front door of the refrigerator and is comprised of a refrigerator having a freezer compartment wherein there is located a condenser. The condenser is interconnected with a combined evaporator-carbonator unit located in the front door. The freezer compartment accordingly acts as a heat sink for the condenser. The evaporator unit being integral with the carbonator, operates to chill the carbonator. When desirable, the condenser and evaporator can be replaced by a liquid heat transfer system having a heat absorbing coil assembly located in the carbonator and a heat dissipating coil assembly in the freezer compartment or by a constant temperature heat pipe having its heat dissipating end located in the freezer compartment while its heat absorbing end is located in the carbonator.

Abstract: A vented cold tank is provided and partially filled with a eutectic solution. CO.sub.2 snow forming structure is provided within the interior of the tank above the level of the eutectic solution therein and liquid CO.sub.2 injection means is provided in a lower portion of the tank below the level of eutectic solution and arranged to create circulation of the eutectic solution within the tank including generally opposite horizontal and generally opposite vertical component of movement of the solution within the tank. Further, structure is provided for communicating the CO.sub.2 snow forming means and the liquid CO.sub.2 injection means with the same source of liquid CO.sub.2 under pressure.

Abstract: There is provided an improved energy storage system which includes a tank for holding water or eutectic material and housing a plurality of coils. The coils are connected to a condensing unit and to an evaporating unit which is positioned in the space to be temperature conditioned. The condensing unit supplies refrigerant to the coils for solidifying the material in the container during a first time period, thus storing energy. During a second time period, the coils in the tank supply refrigerant to the evaporating unit while the condensing unit is not in use. The condensing unit may also supply refrigerant directly to the evaporating unit without substantially reducing the energy already stored in the container during a third time period.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for producing a cold gas at a desired temperature, by bubbling the gas to be cooled through a bath of cryogenic liquid. The gas to be cooled need not be the same substance as that in the bath. The gas is preferably introduced at or near the bottom of the bath, and the bubbles give up heat to the bath as they rise. The gas is introduced into the bath through a flow distributor, producing a large quantity of very small bubbles, in order to maximize the rate of heat exchange. Cold gas is extracted from the region above the liquid bath. The higher the level of the bath, the greater the time available for heat exchange between the gas and the bath. Controlling the depth of the bath therefore controls the temperature of the cold gas leaving the apparatus. The depth of the bath is primarily controlled by adjusting the rate of flow of cryogenic liquid into the bath.

Abstract: Soft-ice mixture, consisting of water or milk and commercially available powder, is frozen solid in a cylindrical container, then presented to a machine whereby the container is pressurized and which has an agitator that engages the surface of the solid to exert force along a narrow zone, whereby the material is locally melted. The momentarily melted material is immediately whipped by the agitator, before it refreezes. The agitator rotates at high speed (2,000 rpm) but advances into the material very slowly. For such action the agitator shaft is surrounded by an outer driver confined to rotation in one direction, with which the shaft has a splined connection, and the shaft in turn surrounds a threaded inner driver, with which the shaft has a threaded connection. For driving the agitator downward the inner driver is rotated in said direction, but slower than the outer driver; for driving it upward the inner driver is also rotated in said direction, but faster than the outer driver.

Abstract: A closed chamber is provided for containing evaporative liquid fuel for a combustion engine and fuel supply structure is operatively associated with the chamber for maintaining a predetermined general level of liquid fuel in the chamber. The chamber includes engine induction air inlet structure opening thereinto below the aforementioned liquid level and a vaporized fuel and air outlet opening outwardly of the chamber from a level above the predetermined liquid fuel level. Duct structure is provided including an inlet portion communicated with the vaporized fuel and air outlet and an outlet end for communication with the induction passags of a combustion engine. Further, an air conditioner evaporator-type heat exchanger is provided and liquid fuel conduit and pump structure is operatively associated with the chamber and heat exchanger for circulating fuel within the chamber through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for cooling and muffling one or more pieces of exhaust emitting industrial equipment, such as a pair of vacuum pumps, is herein disclosed. The apparatus comprises a water cooling tank, an automatic water level control means for automatically maintaining the water in the tank to between a predetermined maximum and minimum level, and a thermostatically controlled refrigeration coil concentrically disposed within the tank for maintaining the temperature of the tank water to between a pre-selected range. The tank includes one or more muffling units substantially submerged in the water within the tank and pneumatically connected to the exhaust ports of the industrial equipment for muffling the exhaust noise of the equipment.

Abstract: The present method may be employed to reduce the temperature of water including chilling or freezing the water to produce ice and slush and simultaneously therewith keeping the water in motion, as from one container to another, without the use of a circulating pump. Liquid carbon dioxide is used as an expendable refrigerant by releasing same continuously beneath the water and then the activity of the conversion of the carbon dioxide changing from a liquid to a solid and gas is applied in a confined space to circulate the water as a liquid heat exchange medium.The basic apparatus comprises a large container of water in which are one or more conduits or stacks at the bottom of which are holes admitting the water to be chilled. A CO.sub.2 nozzle receives liquid CO.sub.2 and a pressurized supply tank discharges the CO.sub.2 as a solid and gas through the nozzle which receives the CO.sub.

Abstract: To prevent the rupturing, by the expansion of the water upon freezing, of a water-freezing ice-storing reservoir and at the same time release the warmer air after producing the freezing of the water into ice, the interior of the reservoir is surrounded by a duplex wall structure or anti-freeze barrier of highly insulating material, such as the expanded polystyrene plastic known commercially as styrofoam, in the form of slabs spaced inward from the tank wall by compression springs so that the inner body of water within the duplex insulating anti-freeze barrier is frozen by freezing the air entering that body through multiple pipes from the outside atmosphere in winter time while the outer body of water adjacent the tank wall of the reservoir but outside the insulating wall thereof is protected from freezing by the insulating effect of the slabs.

Abstract: A flow regulator is disclosed for controlling liquid flow, for example, from a supply source to a receiving tank according to the liquid level in the tank. Specifically, a fluid interaction device communicating with the receiving tank causes a fluid pressure signal to be developed in response to departure of the liquid in the tank from a predetermined level. A differential pressure responsive valve adjusts liquid flow from the supply source to the receiving tank in response to the fluid pressure signal. Several embodiments and other features including a bypass for enhancing stable flow and a preferred valve structure are disclosed.A beverage dispensing system incorporating the aforesaid flow regulator is also disclosed. A cold carbonated liquid is continually circulated past dispensers from a pressurized chill tank having a carbon dioxide atmosphere. The flow regulator admits further liquid to the system from a supply source whenever liquid is tapped from the system by the dispensers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously carbonating and cooling a liquid beverage. The apparatus includes an upright enclosed vessel with an upright coaxial carbonating column within the same space therefrom to define an upright channel. A source of liquid to be carbonated and liquid carbon dioxide are directed into the lower end of the carbonating column and the product overflows the carbonating column into the annular channel wherein it passes downwardly and out of the vessel. A bypass line of ambient liquid is sprayed onto the top of the carbonating column to dissolve floating ice crystals. Also, a screen is placed between the carbonating column and annular channel to prevent passage of such ice crystals.