Abstract: A refrigeration device in which a heat load is refrigerated within a refrigeration chamber. Refrigerant is supplied, preferably, from a supply of turboexpanded air employing a compressor to compress the air and a turboexpander to expand the compressed air to a low temperature. A venturi-like device such as an ejector circulates the refrigerant within a circulation path within the refrigeration chamber so that heat is transferred from the heat load to the refrigerant. An incoming mass flow rate of the refrigerant is delivered to a high pressure inlet of the venturi-like device and a recirculation mass flow rate of the refrigerant is received within the low pressure inlet from the circulation path after the refrigerant has heat transferred thereto. A high pressure outlet discharges a mixture of the refrigerant that comprises the incoming and recirculation mass flow rates to the circulation path and prior to the heat load.

Abstract: A method for supplying cooling air on vehicles such as high speed aircraft includes diverting high pressure air from the compressor section of a gas turbine engine, cooling this air in a heat exchanger, and expanding the diverted high pressure air through an auxiliary turbine. Coolant in the heat exchanger may be inlet ram air, fan air, or aircraft fuel (which may be endothermic), and the coolant is ultimately introduced into the engine downstream of the compressor section. An auxiliary compressor may be used to further compress the diverted high pressure air or coolant prior to the flowing thereof through the heat exchanger, and one or more auxiliary turbines may be used to power the auxiliary compressor, or mechanical accessories on the vehicle.

Abstract: A cabin spray system of an aircraft is supplied with water channeled from the aircraft's environmental control system. The channeled water can be stored in a tank containing potable water. The ECS water would replace the potable water removed.

Abstract: Actual thermodynamic processes occurring in a system such as a heat pump or refrigeration plant are made to approach theoretical ideal processes, e.g. an isothermal (T.sub.o), by use of a multistage gear machine as compressor and/or expander in the system, and conditioning, such as cooling, the system working fluid between successive stages in the machine. The individual stages of the gear machine each include a pair of meshing gears, preferably cylindrical spur gears of equal diameter and diminishing width from stage-to-stage.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine cooling system. Hotter engine compressor air is cooled by a heat exchanger using a colder engine fluid (such as fuel or lower pressure (colder) engine compressor air. The cooled air passes through the compressor section of an auxiliary turbocompressor and is used to cool the engine high pressure turbine. Some of the cooled air (or uncooled discharge air from the engine high pressure compressor) is used to drive the turbine section of the turbocompressor. The spent air exiting the turbine section of the turbocompressor is used to help cool the engine low pressure turbine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed to provide a fuel efficient source of readily converted energy to an isolated or remote energy consumption facility. External heat from any of a large variety of sources is converted to an electrical, mechanical, heat or cooling form of energy. A polyatomic working fluid energized by external heat sources is dissociated to a higher gaseous energy state for expansion through a turbine prime mover. The working fluid discharge from the turbine prime mover is routed to a recouperative heat exchanger for exothermic recombination reaction heat transfer to working fluid discharged from the compressor segment of the thermodynaic cycle discharge. The heated compressor discharge fluid is thereafter further heated by the external heat source to the initial higher energy state.

Abstract: A refrigeration system in which a compressed gas such as air is utilized in a rotary motor which enables the gas to expand for extracting heat by combining with or coming into contact with ambient atmosphere, air in an enclosure or articles, products or devices to be reduced in temperature. The rotary motor or expansion device is constructed in accordance with the well known structure of a Wankel engine except that the rotor of the motor is driven in relation to a stationary housing or casing by the introduction of compressed gas or air. The usually provided carburetor structure, intake manifold and ignition system are removed or modified with an inlet passage and exhaust passage being retained with the inlet passage being connected to a source of compressed air or gas through a control system and the outlet passage being communicated with atmosphere thus reducing the temperature of the expanded air or gas with the temperature reduction being up to 80.degree. F. to 90.degree. F.

Abstract: An air cycle air conditioning system including an air-air heat exchanger defining a first air flow path for air to be cooled and a second air flow path for air to pass therethrough and absorb heat from the air to be cooled and apparatus for supplying air to the second air flow path at sub-atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for compressing gas in a compressor station for a gas pipeline, especially in areas of permanent frost, wherein the gas is supplied in the gas pipeline to the compressor station at an entry pressure and the gas is returned to the pipeline for further transportation in the pipeline at a desired exit temperature and at an exit pressure which is higher than the entry pressure. The gas is initially compressed at least during individual time intervals to an excess pressure which is substantially higher than the desired exit pressure. The compressed gas is then cooled by heat exchange to a temperature above the desired exit temperature. Finally, the gas is further cooled to the desired exit temperature by expanding the gas from the excess pressure to the exit pressure.

Abstract: A method is presented for the transfer of heat from a low to a higher temperature, in that the main medium in gas form is heated and compressed, after which this main medium is conducted to a first heating chamber (1) where heat at low temperature is added to the main medium, whereafter the gas is conducted to a compressor (8) and compressed, in that before being conducted to the first heating chamber (1), the main medium can undergo a pressure drop and a possible heat absorption in a heat exchanger. In the first heating chamber (1), there is added an auxiliary medium in liquid form which evaporates together with the heating of the main medium, so that after the heating the main medium is more or less saturated with the auxiliary medium in vapor form, in that the heat is added from a second heating chamber (2) in which a gaseous medium containing evaporated auxiliary medium is cooled for the condensation of the auxiliary medium.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight integrated environmental control (IEC) system for a helicopter incorporates in operative combination an environmental control system (ECS) and a nuclear/biological/chemical life support system (NBC LSS). The IEC system includes a refrigerant subsystem, a regenerative heat exchange apparatus, a decontamination subsystem, and an airflow distribution network, and is operative to provide super-cooled, super-dry, decontaminated airflow, in seriatim, directly to left and right mission equipment package bays and the cockpit for cooling of avionics/electronic modules and crew comfort. The IEC system is further operative to directly provide cooled, super-dry, decontaminated airflow for cooling of avionics/electronic modules of the mid mission equipment package bay and for over pressurizing the left and right mission equipment package bays to preclude contaminant infiltration thereof.

Abstract: An air conditioning system (10), being powered by a supply of compressed air, includes an air cycle machine (12) and incorporates a pair of regenerable bed filters (44,46). In operation, the filters are alternately cycled in and out of service with one of the filters receiving pressurized air for filtration from the air cycle machine compressor (30), while a backflow of purge air is passed through the other filter to remove accumulated contaminants from the bed thereof, thereby regenerating the filter. The purge air comprises conditioned air from the air cycle machine turbine (32). The contaminant laden purge air discharging from the filter being cleansed, is passed to a subatmospheric pressure region (77) in the ram air duct (20) upstream of the air cycle machine fan (28) and downstream of the heat exchangers (22, 24) for venting therefrom to the atmosphere via the fan (28).

Abstract: An air cycle machine (10) has a first stage turbine (60) mounted to a central portion of a common shaft (12), a compressor (50) mounted to the central portion of the shaft (12), a second stage turbine (30) mounted to a first end of the shaft (12), and a fan (40) mounted to a second end of the shaft (12), all for rotation therewith about a longitudinal axis (14). The first and second stage turbines (60, 30) are operative to extract energy from a flow of compressed air for driving the shaft (12), and the fan (40) and the compressor (50), in rotation about the axis (14).

Abstract: An air cycle machine (10) has four wheels mounted on a common shaft (20) for rotation therewith about a longitudinal axis (12), including a second stage turbine rotor (30) mounted to a first end (20a) of the shaft, a fan rotor (40) mounted to a second end (20b) of the shaft, a first stage turbine rotor (50) mounted to a central portion (20c) of the shaft, a compressor rotor (60) mounted to the central portion of the shaft in back to back relation to the first stage turbine rotor, the first and second stage turbine rotors being operative to extract energy from a flow of compressed air for driving the shaft (20), and the fan rotor (40) and the compressor rotor (60), in rotation about the axis, and first and second hydrodynamic gas film foil bearings (70, 80) for supporting the shaft for rotation about the longitudinal axis (12).

Abstract: In a normal mode, a primary heat exchanger for heated bleed airflow is situated upstream of an aircraft air conditioner compressor. A secondary heat exchanger is located downstream of the compressor. In response to hot and humid environmental conditions, three-way switching valves reposition the primary heat exchanger downstream of the compressor. The result will be the reduction of heat exchange exit temperature, which translates into lower turbine inlet and outlet temperatures at satisfactory airflow rates.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine cooling system. A first turbocompressor and a heat exchanger are fluidly interconnected and are each in fluid communication to receive air of differing pressures and temperatures. Typically, such air is received from various regions of the engine low pressure compressor and the engine high pressure compressor. The system delivers air through a duct to a portion of the engine for cooling, such as the engine high pressure turbine region, at lower temperatures and higher pressures than if cooling air were directly ducted from the engine compressor to the engine turbine.

Abstract: An air cycle machine (10) a plurality of wheels mounted on a common shaft (20) for rotation therewith about a longitudinal axis (12), including a compressor rotor (60) and a turbine rotor (50) mounted to a central portion (20c) of the shaft in back to back relationship, the turbine rotor (50) being operative to extract energy from a flow ofcompressed air for driving the shaft (20), and the compressor rotor (60), in rotation about the axis. The compressor rotor (60) and the compressor outlet flow passing through duct (164) are thermally isolated from the turbine rotor (50) and the turbine inlet flow passing through duct (152), respectively, by an annular disc-like member (14) of a low thermal conductivity, fiber reinforced resin composite disposed about the shaft 20 and extending radially outwardly between the turbine rotor (50) and the compressor rotor (60).

Abstract: The four processes of a reverse Stirling heat pump cycle; isothehermal compression with the heat of compression being transmitted to a constant, relatively high temperature sink, regenerative cooling, isothermal expansion with heat flow from a cooler, constant temperature source followed by regenerative heating from the heat derived from the previously compressed gas are all performed with constant rather than intermittent flow. A constant flow, constant volume counter-flow heat exchanger, placed between the compressor and expander, rather than an alternately heated and cooled heat storage matrix, provides for the steady flow regenerative heat transfer as required for a steady reverse Stirling cycle heat pump. This invention therefore provides for increased heat pump rate per unit volume.

Abstract: A system for conditioning working fluid in environmental control systems includes arrangements for minimizing icing from a variable flow velocity turbine exit flow at subfreezing conditions, wherein the turbine is very closely located to the downstream heat exchanger, including a backpressure plate for minimizing flow velocity stratification, an internal bypass passage arranged to produce a relatively predictable bypass flow ratio regardless of the flow velocity stratification, and other anti-icing techniques.

Abstract: In compression systems, a portion of the compressor outlet flow (28) is extracted and introduced through a surge nozzle (52) into a plenum (48) upstream of the compressor (14). The surge nozzle (52) is oriented so as to introduce in the fluid in the plenum (48) a vortex having the same axis and direction of rotation as the compressor rotor (54).

Abstract: An automobile heating system includes a turbocharger driven by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and a shaft of the turbocharger is coupled to a compressor for compressing and heating ambient air to provide a heated air source for supply into the passenger compartment of the vehicle and a source of air for turbocharging the intake manifold of the automobile.

Abstract: Energy recovery systems for cold storage warehouses refrigerated by mechanical refrigeration apparatus coacting with a energy recovery unit including a turbine driving an electromotive generator. The cogenerator turbine is driven by the kinetic energy extracted from refrigerant flowing through a first conduit system connecting the compressor, evaporators and condenser of the refrigeration or by the kinetic energy extracted from a coolant being pumped through a second conduit system independent of the first conduit system to cool the compressor as it becomes heated during compression of refrigerant from a vapor phase to a liquid phase during the refrigeration cycle. The extraction of the kinetic energy of the refrigerant flow or coolant flow and the heat generated by the compressor during the refrigerant compression phase represents useful work obtained from the energy recovery system from available surplus energy that otherwise would be wasted.

Abstract: A fan inlet and diffuser apparatus (30) is provided with a lobed mixer (60) for intermixing fan bypass air (25) with a flow of fan discharge air (27). The fan inlet and diffuser apparatus (30) is particularly adapted for use in a inducing a flow of cooling air (21) through an upstream heat exchanger (20) and thence directing a portion (23) of the cooling air passing from the heat exchanger to the inlet side of the fan (14) of an air cycle machine (10), while directing the remaining portion (25) to bypass the fan (14) and pass into the central outlet flow passage (52) flowing over the mixing ejector (60) which imparts a directional swirl to the bypass flow (25) and a counter swirl to the fan discharge flow (27) passing from the fan outlet through the interior of the mixer (60), thereby enhancing the mixing of these two flows within the passage (52).

Abstract: A cooling system includes a turbo compressor for compressing a coolant and a turbo expander fluidically connected to the turbo compressor via one or more heat radiators. In order to insure a constant expansion ratio in the turbo expander at all operating temperatures, without varying the rotational speed of the turbo compressor, a first controller controls the flow rate of coolant to the turbo expander while a second controller in a bypass passage controls a flow rate of coolant bypassed to the intake side of the turbo compressor. The first and second controllers are controlled by a control unit sensitive to the coolant temperature at the intake side of the turbo expander.

Abstract: A compact, air cycle air conditioning system including compressor, turbine, heat exchanger and high speed electric motor is thermostatically controlled to supply either hot or cold conditioned air to a load air space. In a second arrangement, compact, exhaust gas driven air cycle air conditioning system including a compressor, turbine, two heat exchangers and an exhaust turbine is controlled by means of an exhaust gas bypass arrangement and supplies either hot or cold conditioned air to a load air space. In a third arrangement compact, exhasut gas driven air cycle air conditioning system includes an expansion turbine, two compressors, two heat exchangers and an exhaust turbine which is preferably controlled by means of an exhaust gas bypass arrangement and supplies either hot or cold conditioning air to a load air space.

Abstract: In air cycle machines with hydrodynamic bearings, the mass flow rate of coolant (36) passing through a series of bearings (32, 28, 30) is metered before the coolant passes through the final bearing (30). The final bearing operates at an internal pressure equivalent to that present in the region (72) into which coolant exhausts after exiting the final bearing. Since coolant in the final bearing is at the same pressure as air immediately downstream from the bearing, no rotating seal is required at the outlet of the bearing cooling flowpath.

Abstract: A system comprising a high pressure gas reservoir, a turbine, a compressor, a low pressure reservoir, a heat exchanger and flow control structure such as valves, etc. The high pressure reservoir is in heat exchange relationship with ambient air and delivers fluid at ambient temperature to a turbine. Spent fluid from the turbine exhausts and is brought into heat exchange relationship with the compressor. The compressor exhaust is at a temperature above that of the turbine exhaust. The exhaust, which is heated by the compressor, is then delivered to a low pressure reservoir which is in heat exchange relationship with ambient air and from there the exhaust heated by the compressor is delivered to the compressor inlet.

Abstract: In an air cycle environmental control system, a condenser (46) removes water vapor from compressed, ambient, supply air (9) before it is expanded in a first turbine (24). The chilled outlet air (49) from the first turbine (24) is then used as coolant in the condenser (46), absorbing there the heat of vaporization of the condensed water vapor. After passing through the condenser (46), the warmed coolant is then expanded in a second turbine (26). Should the pressure of the supply air fall below predetermined levels, portions of the cycle that degrade performance or become unnecessary are bypassed.

Abstract: An air-cycle air conditioning system comprises a first turbine disposed in an exhaust passage of a prime mover and driven by the energy of exhaust gases, a first compressor placed in coaxial relation to the first turbine and rotatable in response to the operation of the first turbine so as to intake and compress an air, a second turbine coupled to an outlet end of the first compressor through a first line and rotatable by the energy of a compressed air from the first compressor so as to expand and cool the compressed air, a first heat exchanger disposed in the first line and effecting heat exchange between the compressed air and an outside air, a second heat exchanger connected to the second turbine through a second line and effecting heat exchange between the air supplied from the second turbine and an air supplied from a fan, a second compressor placed in coaxial relation to the second turbine and rotatable in response to the operation of the second turbine so as to intake and compress an air, an auxiliary

Abstract: An auxiliary refrigerated air system includes first and second tandemly-arranged auxiliary turbine components, air dividing and mixing valves, an air bypass loop, an auxiliary air compressor, and a heat exchanger. The air dividing valve is connectable to a suitable input air source for receiving and dividing input air into first and second portions. The air mixing valve is connected in communication between an exit side of the first auxiliary turbine component and an entrance side of the second auxiliary turbine component for mixing the first portion of the input air with energy-depleted air exiting from the first auxiliary turbine component. The air bypass loop is connected in communication between the dividing and mixing valves for bypassing to the mixing valve the first portion of the input air diverted from the dividing valve.

Abstract: A basic air conditioning/refrigeration system charged (filled) with, typically, Nitrogen gas six to ten atmospheres with a specific heat of gas equal to 0.022 B.T.U. per degree F. change per cubic foot per atmosphere when in operation. The system may be run so the gas circulates through the system at 15.5 A. C.F.M., yielding a shaft output of one horse power out of a cooling gas expansion motor. Other refrigerant gases useable in place of Nitrogen are Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, dry air and a forming gas mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen in typically an 80% to 20% ratio (Hydrogen would probably not exceed 30% in a forming gas mixture) with all of these remaining in the gaseous state throughout the system as opposed to a freon charged system where freon is expanded from the liquid to gaseous state and compressed back to the liquid state within the system.

Abstract: An auxiliary refrigerated air system includes first and second tandemly-arranged auxiliary turbine components, air mixing and dividing valves, an air recirculation loop, an auxiliary air compressor, and a heat exchanger. The air mixing valve is connectable to a suitable input air source for receiving and mixing input air with dilution air and producing an air mixture. The air dividing valve is connected in communication between an exit side of the first auxiliary turbine component and an entrance side of the second auxiliary turbine component for diverting a portion of the energy-depleted air exiting from the first auxiliary turbine component. The air recirculation loop is connected in communication between the mixing and dividing valves for recirculating to the mixing valve the portion of the air diverted by the dividing valve to provide the dilution air to the mixing valve.

Abstract: A system for conditioning working fluid in environmental control systems includes arrangements for minimizing icing from a variable flow velocity turbine exit flow at subfreezing conditions wherein the turbine is very closely located to the downstream heat exchanger, including a backpressure plate for minimizing flow velocity stratification, an internal bypass passage arranged to produce a relatively predictable bypass flow ratio regardless of the flow velocity stratification, and other anti-icing techniques.

Abstract: An air cycle machine for use within an Environmental Control System (ECS) operating in conjunction with a turbine engine. The air cycle machine includes two turbines commonly mounted on a shaft with a compressor. The air cycle machine is designed to directly receive high temperature, high pressure bleed air from the turbine engine and maximize energy extraction and utilization of the bleed air.

Abstract: An Ericsson cycle machine is disclosed which can be used for refrigeration, liquefaction of nitrogen or as an engine. The invention includes a liquid ring compressor linked to a liquid ring expander by a gas loop that includes a recuperator. As a refrigeration unit, the liquid ring in the compressor is channeled through a heat exchanger to reject waste heat and liquid is tapped from the expander liquid ring and used as a refrigerant.

Abstract: An advanced Environmental Control System (ECS) for use in conjunction with a turbine engine to provide conditioned, pressurized air to an enclosed space such as an aircraft cabin, as well as cooling capacity for the aircraft avionics. The ECS features a dual turbine air cycle machine to minimize the amount of bleed air or power required from the turbine engine.

Abstract: A hybrid vapor cycle-air cycle environmental control system (ECS) for efficiently providing a flow of conditioned, pressurized air to an enclosed space such as an aircraft cabin.

Abstract: A silencing system is provided for an air-operated pump which also eliminates icing of the pump at higher cycle rates and humidities. The exhaust from the air motor powers an air flow inducer to induce a flow of relatively warm ambient air. The induced flow of ambient air is drawn across cold components of the air motor, and the mixed (ambient and exhaust air) exit stream routed away from the air motor. The relatively warm mixed air exhaust flow also allows noise reduction by conventional acoustical techniques without suffering performance degradation due to icing.

Abstract: The plant for the periodic charging and discharging of a gas reservoir comprises a gas circuit containing a compressor and a heat exchanger. A line for supplying the gas for storage and for discharging stored gas to a consumer is connected to the gas circuit. The gas is stored as a gas at low temperature and elevated pressure or as a liquid gas at substantially ambient pressure. A heat exchanger disposed in the gas circuit is operated as a cooler or heater depending on whether gas is to be stored or discharged. The heat-transfer or refrigerant liquid flowing through the heat exchanger is either cooled in a refrigerating machine or heated in a heater. Depending upon requirements, a gas, e.g. natural gas, can be prepared in one and the same plant for charging a reservoir or for emptying the same.

Abstract: An air-conditioning installation for aircraft, especially for passenger aircraft is disclosed. The energy resulting from the expansion of the air that leaves the cabin is used to actuate at least one element of the installation such as an expansion turbine or a compressor. The temperature of the air leaving the expansion turbine is lower than the temperature of the external air.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus is presented for at least partially extracting a liquid from an aggregate, by evaporation in a stream of carrier gas, followed by separation of at least a portion of the evaporated liquid from the stream of carrier gas. The separation comprises expanding the higher moisture contents stream to a lower pressure so as to effect cooling and resulting liquid condensate from the gas stream, recompressing the cold stream with retained latent heat of vaporization thereby further heating the stream, and discharging the resulting heated stream with the lowered moisture content at an appropriate section of the circuit. In accordance with the present invention, the expansion and the compression take place in a wave pressure exchanger.

Abstract: An air cycle refrigeration system which comprises an air-to-air heat exchanger, first and second turbochargers, and first and second ejector pumps. The system air to be cooled is passed through the heat exchanger and into a first turbine, cooling upon expansion and driving the coupled first compressor. The system air passes from the first turbine to the second turbine, again cooling upon expansion and driving the coupled second compressor. Each compressor is connected with the coolant air outlet of the heat exchanger and draws the coolant air therefrom. The high pressure air produced from the outlets of the compressors are used to drive corresponding ejector pumps. The ejector pumps are connected with the coolant air outlet of the heat exchanger and draw additional air therefrom. The total draw of coolant air through the heat exchanger therefore comprises the total of the inlet air to the two compressors and the induced air drawn from the heat exchanger by the two ejector pumps.

Abstract: A cryocooler system including a reversed Brayton cycle turbo-refrigerator system having a surge control valve in the bypass line between the compression section inlet and outlet. The compression section includes at least one compressor and an aftercooler which rejects the heat of compression to a heat sink. The cooling section includes at least one regenerator and a turbo-alternator for expansive cooling of the working fluid.

Abstract: An air-conditioning system being powered by a supply of compressed air, has an air cycle machine which incorporates a filter. The filter receives pressurized air for filtration after said air has passed through a heater which optimizes the temperature and humidity of the air and passes through a second reheater downstream of the filter and upstream of the turbine to maximize the efficiency of the turbine.

Abstract: This publication describes a method and apparatus for the utilization of heat energy released in a cooling process. In accordance with the method, air used as the heat transfer medium is routed to a compressor (2) in which compressor (2) the air is compressed to a higher pressure, the compressed air is cooled to a lower temperature, the cooled air is routed to a turbine (8), where it expands to a lower pressure and cools down, and air expansion work released in the turbine (8) is used for rotating the compressor (2). In accordance with the invention, air is compressed in the compressor (2) to such a high pressure that its temperature exceeds a minimum temperature of water boiling point in normal atmospheric pressure, the high-pressure compressed air is cooled to a sufficiently low temperature, e.g., below 15.degree. C.

Abstract: A conditioning method and an air-conditioner for carrying out such method which comprises, in a compression, cooling and expansion cycle, a drying operation performed prior to the expansion. According to the invention, a dryer is alternately operated in an adsorption phase and a regeneration phase, depending on whether it communicates with the outlet or the inlet of a heat exchanger. The present method and device can be advantageously applied to environment control in the field of aircraft and automotive vehicle air conditioning.

Abstract: An environmental control system having an ozone decomposition catalyst coating in the hot pass side of the primary heat exchanger. The environmental control system includes primary and secondary heat exchangers as well as a rotary compressor and a rotary turbine expander. The environmental control system is used in aircraft for providing conditioned air to the habitable space of the aircraft for life support purposes.

Abstract: A reversed Rankine cycle system, wherein a vortex tube is disposed between the compressor and the condenser in a reversed Rankine cycle, the superheated vapors of coolant at a high pressure discharged from the compressor are taken out while separating them by the vortex tube into higher and lower temperature components through energy separation to render most of the portion thereof into superheated vapors of coolant at a higher temperature and the remaining portions into vapors of coolant at a lower temperature respectively, and the superheated vapors of coolant separated to the higher temperature side are introduced into the circuit on the higher temperature side of the condenser and condensated therein, while the vapors of coolant separated to the lower temperature side are recycled to the system, of the cycle, preferably, to the circuit on the lower temperature side of the condenser.

Abstract: A process of and a device for power- and air-conditioning fresh air generation in an aircraft, which are equipped with main power plants and an auxiliary power unit driving an air-conditioning compressor, both of which are supplied with air-conditioning exhaust air from the passenger- and/or pilot cabin and/or with exhaust air from the boundary layer suction for the purpose of economical operation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for conditioning a flow of working fluid includes a parallel, bypass anti-icing flow of warm fluid which is induced and automatically controlled in relation to critical system operating parameters while minimizing parasitic power losses to improve overall system efficiency.