Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cooling systems for cryogenic power conversion electronics are provided. The invention includes systems having electronic power conversion apparatus comprising at least one cryogenically operated semiconductor switch and at least one cryogenically operated capacitor and cooling means for cryogenically cooling the at least one cryogenically operated semiconductor switch and the at least one cryogenically operated capacitor to a temperature between 90K to 236K. The systems can also include input/output means for supplying power to said power conversion apparatus and receiving power from said power conversion apparatus. In alternative embodiments, liquid cryogens can be used in heat exchange systems in conjunction with refrigeration cold heads or heat pipes. In these embodiments, the cryogen can be recondensed if boiled.

Abstract: Coolant apparatus, and an associated method, for quickly chilling an article, such as a beverage or food item. The article is placed in an enclosed compartment, and a forced flow of super-cooled air is directed upon the article. Heat energy of the article is convected thereaway.

Abstract: A storage box apparatus makes use of thermoelectric modules as devices for cooling or heating storage units, respectively. Each thermoelectric module is provided with a heat-dissipating-side base and a heat-absorbing-side base. A liquid heat transfer medium is spouted against a surface of the heat-dissipating-side base substantially at a right angle.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To facilitate a bending of a core and to reduce a resistance of fluid by a method wherein a fin at one end is overlapped integrally between each of rows from a deformation part of the core and the other end fin is separated for each of the rows and contacted and fixed to a tube, respectively.CONSTITUTION: Tubes 1 and 2 are arranged in a thickness direction of a core. The tubes pass through several fins 3 and 4. The fin 3 is provided with tube insertion holes of circular form in two rows. Outside tube and the core part formed by the fin 4 are projected longer than that of the core. A reamer is placed within the tube to expand an outer diameter and then the tube is press fitted to the fin. A bending machining guide jig 6 is placed within the core, an external force is applied to the core as indicated by an arrow and bent.

Abstract: A cooling jacket and dispenser system for a container of liquid beverage comprises a flexible sheet of thermally insulating material designed to circumferentially fit around the container to be cooled thereby. The sheet has a cooling line coil disposed in serpentine fashion upon an interior facing surface thereof for direct or indirect contact with the external side periphery of the container to be cooled thereby. The cooling line coil is operatively connected to a cooling bath fluid supplied by and recirculated to a liquid dispenser assembly.

Abstract: An energy transfer system is provided for a household or commercial refrigeration appliance. The energy transfer system includes a fluid passage disposed in the housing of the appliance for enabling the transfer of a fluid into, through, and out of the housing. The fluid is circulated through a heat exchanger which can be disposed outside of a home or commercial building or underground so that the fluid is cooled by the outside air or by the ground. The cooling fluid is also utilized to cool the compressor of an air conditioning unit. A heat exchanger is also utilized for transferring heat from the cooling fluid to an interior of a building.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for preparing and dispensing a cool beverage and for transporting ice. The apparatus utilizes a heat exchanger for directly contacting water and ice to produce cooled heat exchanger water in the heat exchanger from the water and ice and an outflow of the cooled heat exchanger water. A beverage concentrate flows through a beverage concentrate conduit that is in thermal contact with ice. The beverage concentrate is thus cooled by indirectly contacting the ice to produce an outflow of cooled beverage concentrate. A proportioner and mixer receive the outflow of cooled heat exchanger water and the outflow of cooled beverage concentrate, and proportion and mix the outflows to produce a cool, proportioned, mixed beverage, which is dispensed from a dispensing valve.

Abstract: A refrigerant is directly contacted to a substrate to be processed that was heated so as to quickly cool the substrate. Thus, the temperature of the substrate is dropped to a predetermined temperature level. The substrate is cooled by a cooling device and cooling water. Thus, the cooling temperature can be accurately controlled. In addition, the substrate can be effectively cooled.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes related to thermal storage and exchange systems for use in buildings to selectively cool and/or heat a heat storage medium and cause said medium to reversibly pass between a liquid phase and a solid phase without requiring a complete discharge of a thermal reservoir between phase changes.

Abstract: A cooling device for cooling an object to be processed to a target temperature comprises a plurality of contact members mounted on a placing table, for supporting the object such that the object opposes a top surface of the placing table with an interval, temperature sensors for outputting temperature information of the object supported by the contact members, a first cooling unit for cooling the placing table to a temperature lower than the target temperature to cool the object, a second cooling unit for heating the object cooled by the first cooling unit to a temperature almost equal to the target temperature, and a contrast circuit for performing a switching operation between cooling by the first cooling unit and heating by the second cooling unit on the basis of the temperature information from the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A modular refrigerated food container system for use in buffet bars in restaurants and the like includes a plurality of food storage receptacles for receiving food and a plurality of receptacle temperature maintaining modules where each temperature maintaining module is configured to receive the food storage receptacle and is configured to thermally communicate with the food storage receptacle to maintain a predetermined temperature of the food storage receptacle. Each temperature maintaining module is fluidly connected to adjacent temperature maintaining modules and a refrigeration device operatively coupled to the plurality of temperature maintaining modules provides thermal exchange fluid to each temperature maintaining module. Each temperature maintaining module further includes a thermally conducting inside wall, a substantially insulating outside wall, and a heat exchange device disposed therebetween.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for recovery of ammonia refrigerant using paired evaporation condensation processes in which an essentially closed water loop is used to efficiently transfer heat energy from the evaporation process to the condensation process and which further allows excess heat to be purged from the system by evaporation of water in a forced draft condenser.

Abstract: Method for refrigerating showcases characterized by the steps of cooling air within a refrigerating unit to a temperature below the predetermined temperature in showcases and feeding said cooled air as refrigerating source into said showcases through feeding piping; mixing said cooled air with air in said showcases thereby to carry out refrigerating in said showcases while collecting said air in said showcases in the same quantity of said cooled air fed into said showcases through collecting piping into said refrigerating unit; and cooling said collected cooled air in said refrigerating unit for using again said collected and cooled air as refrigerating air.The refrigerating device according to the invention has lower initial and running costs and can effectively utilize the internal space of showcases and automatic vending machines for goods containing use.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in a brine type air-conditioning apparatus in which brine circulates into an inside cooler to cool a passenger compartment, there are provided a refrigeration cycle using flammable gas as refrigerant, a brine circuit in which the brine circulates, a hot water circuit in which hot water heated by an engine circulates, a front air-conditioning unit for performing an air-conditioning of a front portion in the passenger compartment, a rear air-conditioning unit for performing an air-conditioning of a rear portion in the passenger compartment. In the front air-conditioning unit, there are provided a cooler for cooling conditioned air by using the brine, a heater for heating conditioned air by using the hot water, a blower. In the rear air-conditioning unit, there are provided an air-conditioning heat exchanger for cooling conditioned air by using the brine and for heating conditioned air by using the hot water, and a blower.

Abstract: A heat transfer system for use in cooling and dehumidifying an interior space while rejecting heat to several alternative sources. The system incorporates three primary heat transfer coils in a mechanical refrigeration cycle to provide comfort cooling to an interior space while rejecting heat to one of two primary condensing mediums. In addition the heat transfer system of the present invention functions by transferring heat from the atmosphere to a pool, thereby functioning as a pool heater. In a first operating mode heat transferred from an interior space to the ambient atmosphere. In a second operating mode heat is transferred from an interior space to pool water. In a third operating mode heat is transferred from the ambient atmosphere to pool water. A refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger is disclosed having a gas trap for isolating corrosive gases from the metallic heat exchanger components, and further including a sacrificial zinc anode for corrosion protection.

Abstract: An apparatus for the controlled cooling of chemical tanks containing a chemical which must be kept at a first prescribed temperature includes at least one heat-exchanger coil immersed inside a chemical tank and through which there is made to circulate a flow of an inert gas. The apparatus includes a storage system for storing and cooling a prescribed volume of inert gas at a second prescribed temperature lower than the first prescribed temperature, feeding means for feeding the storage means with inert gas coming from a main supply line, and valve means interposed between the storage means and an inlet of the at least one heat-exchanger coil for controlling the supply of cooled inert gas to the heat-changer coil.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of heat exchange in which a liquified gas is evaporated in a first coil disposed in a fluid heat exchange medium in a heat exchanger, absorbing heat by the evaporating liquid to chill the heat exchange medium, disposing in the heat exchange medium in the heat exchanger a second coil containing heat exchange medium in fluid connection with a body of heat exchange medium contained in a reservoir, chilling the heat exchange medium in the heat exchanger and circulating chilled heat exchange medium to the reservoir and from the reservoir to a facility location needing cooling, returning warmed heat exchange medium from the facility location to the reservoir and thence to the second coil for rechilling and reuse.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus includes a container in which are situated a plurality of eutectic chilling elements and a spraybar for dispensing a mist of liquid cryogen into a region R in which product to be refrigerated is to be stored. Liquid cryogen is used to freeze the eutectic and is then passed to the spray bar.

Abstract: A thermal compressor (10) comprises two adsorbent beds (11, 12) each with an associated thermal management system (14). The thermal management systems (14) are identical and consist of a circulating supply of a control fluid which passes through the adsorbent bed, a pump (15), a heat exchanger (16) and an inert bed (17, 18). Heat removed from the adsorbent beds (11, 12) by the control fluid is supplied to the inert beds (17, 18) and is store to be subsequently regenerated to heat the adsorbent beds (11, 12) in a later half of the operating cycle of the thermal compressor (10). The thermal compressor (10) is energy efficient by virtue of the heat recycling which is performed.

Abstract: An air condition installation adjustable in storing and dispensing coolness includes a coolant circulating course, an unfreezable liquid circulating course, one or more cool-storing tanks and a blower. The cool-storing tank consists of a cylindrical hollow tank filled with a cool-storing liquid, a tubular body housed in the tank, and two separated chambers in the front portion of the tank. The tubular body has an inlet and an outlet respectively communicate with the separated chambers and then with the unfreezable liquid circulating course so as to permit the unfreezable liquid exchange heat with the cool-storing liquid. Each cool-storing tank is of small dimensions to save space for installing, having high heat effect, able to be made to have plural small units.

Abstract: An apparatus cabinet for providing process water, particularly for printing presses, having a housing with a top, intermediate and bottom level. A water conditioning device at the intermediate cabinet level a water-temperature control device having a coolant compressor arranged at the bottom level, a coolant condenser arranged at the top level, and a cooling blower device at the top level for conveying cooling air over the coolant condenser and out of the apparatus cabinet.

Abstract: A cold temperature therapy device for use on localized areas of the human body. The device includes a flexible, pliable liquid circulating pad which may be readily conformed to a portion of the human body. The pad is connected to a liquid source via a suitable pumping or liquid moving device which supplies liquid to the pad. The liquid moving device may be manual or powered. The liquid is, effectively, stored in a measurement tray which is disposed adjacent to a cooling unit. The apparatus (with the exception of the pad, the manual pump and the connecting conduits) is maintained in a carrying case which can be insulated to enhance the operation of the cooling device.

Abstract: A mobile system for quick-freezing seafood is provided. The mobile system includes a vehicle having a tank for containing a liquid coolant, with a seafood inlet in fluid communication with the tank. A liquid coolant distribution header is located in the tank and adapted for connection to a mobile chilled liquid coolant source. A liquid coolant outlet port is provided in fluid communication with the tank. A frozen seafood removal device is located in the tank and is adapted to remove quick-frozen seafood from the liquid coolant in the tank.

Abstract: An air conditioning system in which each alternative refrigerant can be fully utilized so as to present as much as actual COP in comparison with the conventional HCFC22 and to achieve safe use as operating refrigerants.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cooling unit. The cooling unit comprises a heat exchange unit which contains a phase change material. The heat exchange unit further includes a first plurality of heat exchange conduits which are positioned in the heat exchange unit. The first plurality of heat exchange conduits are positioned in heat transfer relation with the phase change material so that the phase change material can be cooled by a coolant. The first plurality of heat exchange conduits contain a coolant. The heat exchange unit also includes a second plurality of heat exchange conduits positioned in the heat exchange unit. The second plurality of heat exchange conduits are positioned in heat transfer relation with the phase change material so that the phase change material can cool an object.

Abstract: A low-temperature refrigeration system (10) is disclosed for accurately maintaining an instrument (11) with a time varying heat output at a substantially constant predetermined cryogenic temperature. The refrigeration system (10) controls the temperature of the instrument (11) by accurately adjusting the pressure of coolant at a heat exchanger interface (12) associated with the instrument (11). The pressure and flow of coolant is adjusted through the use of one or two circulation loops and/or a non-mechanical flow regulator (24) including a heater (32). The refrigeration system further provides a thermal capacitor (16) which allows for variation of the cooling output of the system (10) relative to a cooling output provided by a cooling source (14).

Abstract: An air conditioner for a vehicle includes a heat pump system for heating and cooling. The air conditioner includes a ventilation passage for ventilating air from a passenger compartment of the vehicle outside of the vehicle. An accelerating system is provided with the heat pump system for accelerating the evaporation of a refrigerant during air cooling or the condensation of a refrigerant during air heating by using involved energy recovered from air exhausted outside of said vehicle through the ventilation passage. Thereby, the air conditioner increases the heating and cooling ability and reduces the energy necessary for maintaining a constant temperature in the passenger compartment.

Abstract: Unit for distribution and/or collection of cold and/or of heat, including: (a) a main exchanger (1) of heat between a refrigerant fluid (2, 21, 22) and a heat transfer fluid (3); (b) a means for producing cold with a means for heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid; (c) a closed main circuit (3) for continuous free circulation of the heat transfer fluid; (d) at least one heat transfer fluid drawing loop (7 to 11); characterized in that the flow cross-section of the main circuit (3), the maximum refrigerating power of the means for producing cold, Pmax, expressed in W, and the main heat exchanger (1) are sized relative to one another in order to satisfy, in operation, approximately the relationship: P.sub.Max =f.sub.m .times.c.times..DELTA.T, in which: f.sub.m is the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, expressed in kg/s; c is the mass heat of the heat transfer fluid, in liquid form, expressed in J/kg/.degree.K.; .DELTA.

Abstract: A glycol chiller comprising an elongate vertical sheet metal tank with front and rear walls, laterally spaced vertical end walls, vertically spaced top and bottom walls and a horizontal intermediate wall spaced between the top and bottom walls and defining a lower glycol chiller chamber and an upper glycol reservoir within the tank filler opening in the top wall, a flow through port in the intermediate wall conducting glycol from the reservoir into the chamber, a plurality of spaced apart partitions in the chiller chamber defining an elongate zig zag glycol flow passage with upstream and downstream ends within the chamber, glycol inlet and outlet fittings communicating with opposite ends of the flow passage and projecting from the tank to connect with glycol return and delivery lines extending from a related heat exchanging device; a motor driven pump downstream from the inlet fitting and operating to continuously recirculate glycol through the flow passage and the selected heat exchange device; an electric p

Abstract: There is an ice regenerative air conditioner system in which a cooled-liquid from an ice storage tank is heated by exchanging heat between the cooled-liquid and a coolant supplied from indoor heat exchangers in a heat exchanger 1b used for heating the cooled-liquid (or water) placed against the indoor heat exchangers 1B and 1C in series, next, a super-cooled liquid is generated by exchanging heat between the cooled-liquid heated and the coolant at a super-cooling apparatus 1c placed against the indoor heat exchangers 1B and 1C in parallel.

Abstract: A refrigeration system comprises a mixing tank for a slurry of solid particles in a liquid, said mixing tank having first and second inlets and an outlet. A sublimator has a bottom inlet, a top outlet and several internal paths connecting the inlet and the outlet, said internal paths having no descending parts. A first conduit connects the outlet of the mixing tank to the bottom inlet of the sublimator via a pump, there being no descending parts between the pump and the inlet of the sublimator. A separator has an inlet and top and bottom outlets. A second conduit connects the outlet of the sublimator to the inlet of the separator, the bottom outlet of the separator being connected to the first inlet of the mixing tank. A compressor has an inlet and an outlet, and conduits connect the top outlet of the mixing tank to the inlet of the compressor and the outlet of the compressor to the second inlet of the mixing tank.

Abstract: A thermoelectric cooling apparatus includes a plurality of thermoelectric coolers each having a hot side and a cold side. The cold sides of the thermoelectric coolers are arranged to cool an object. The hot sides of the thermoelectric coolers are provided with a heat sink. The heat sink may include a eutectic material which maintains the hot sides of the thermoelectric coolers at a low temperature so that the cold sides of the thermoelectric coolers are able to maintain the object at a cold temperature. The heat sink may have fins for rejecting heat, and air moving means for moving air over the fins to aid in the rejection of heat from the hot sides of the thermoelectric coolers. The fins may be cooled by the eutectic material.

Abstract: An improved thermoelectric temperature control system for selectively heating or cooling a temperature control fluid to be provided through an exit conduit to an external thermal load and returned to the system through an inlet conduit. The system having at least a first liquid heat exchanger, a thermoelectric module in thermal conductivity with the liquid heat exchanger, a heat sink in thermal conductivity with the thermoelectric module, a pump and connecting conduits to move the temperature control fluid from the inlet conduit through the pump and liquid heat exchanger to the exit conduit and power and control electronics to activate the pump and thermoelectric module.

Abstract: A system in which mass quantities of liquids may be stored in a substantially frozen state, portions thawed for dispensing, and any undispensed thawed portions rechilled for further storage is disclosed. The system includes a tank with a substantially bell-shaped, or flared, interior, the flaring of the tank surface combining with force of gravity to detach frozen material for dispensing. Separate temperature control sections allow selected areas of the tank to be heated or cooled as necessary, moreover, and distinct reservoirs of heat-transfer liquid (such as glycol) may be used for heating versus cooling the tank.

Abstract: A portable air conditioning system has been invented which, in one aspect has a support frame with a fan mounted behind a radiator, and a power supply for selectively providing power to run the fan. The system is mountable in or on a container such as a typical ice chest. In one embodiment, water and ice are place in the ice chest for cooling a small room or a vehicle's interior.

Abstract: An energy transfer system is provided for a refrigeration appliance. The energy transfer system includes a fluid passage disposed in the housing of the appliance for enabling the transfer of a fluid into, through, and out of the housing. The fluid is contained in a vessel which can be disposed outside of the home or underground so that the fluid is cooled by the outside air or by the ground.

Abstract: Apparatus for dissipating fog with limited use of energy that is especially suitable for airport runways, roads, stadiums and similar spaces. The apparatus consists of an operating system which includes a refrigerator compressor unit with defrost equipment to eliminate the formation of ice, a liquid-type condenser, an air-type condenser, a liquid type evaporator, a primary fan and twin heat exchange units, which work alternately, connected to a primary fan which supplies them with the air, that after having been dehumidified, is ejected into a diffusion/distribution system suitable for supplying a well-defined air space.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the costs associated with the operation of an air conditioning system is disclosed wherein the highest power usage load is shifted from the hottest part of the day to the night time hours when rates are typically lower. The apparatus includes an ice tank containing individually controlled ice building coils and an improved header that produces a water circulation pattern that enhances system efficiency.

Abstract: A multi-mode high efficiency air conditioning system for storing energy and for utilizing the stored energy is provided. The air conditioning system includes these four elements which define the entire system: a condensing unit, a dual-mode indoor cooling coil assembly, a refrigerant and air management assembly and an energy storage assembly. These four elements act in concert to perform the functions of the four principal modes of operation which are ice building, ice transfer, stage 1 cooling and stage 2 cooling. The ice building and ice transfer modes typically take place during electrical off-peak periods. The stage 1 and stage 2 cooling modes typically take place during electrical on-peak periods. When connected to an indoor air fan, the air conditioning unit provides cooling at an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 12 or better over a 24 hour period during a 95 degree Fahrenheit day.

Abstract: A heat regenerating type cooling apparatus includes a heat regenerating evaporator encased in a case and provided with a tube for a cooling medium and a heat regenerating pack arranged to be in close contact with the outer surface of the tube of the heat regenerating evaporator. The heat regenerating evaporator conducts a refrigeration cycle while a vehicle is running and cools the heat regenerating pack so as to cause a heat regenerating material within the pack to freeze When the vehicle is parked, a blower is operated to cause a current of air that is cooled by the heat regenerating pack due to heat exchange between the current of air and the frozen heat regenerating material in the heat regenerating pack. The cold air is blown out into an objective cooling area, such as a sleeping area of the vehicle, from a blowing port so that the objective cooling area is air-conditioned, and the upper half of the body of a sleeping person in the area is effectively exposed to air-conditioned air.

Abstract: A compact heat exchanger for adjusting the temperature of a stream of liquid of unknown temperature. The heat exchanger includes a hollow core element provided with a passageway which extends therethrough. The core element has an outer surface extending therealong adjacent the passageway. A plurality of thermal electric elements are spaced apart along the outer surface of the core element for providing heating or cooling to the core element. Each thermal electric element has a heat transfer surface which generally conforms to the outer surface of the core element. An assembly is provided for clamping the plurality of thermal electric elements to the outer surface of the core element and includes a heat transfer member for each thermal electric element. The clamping assembly permits the heat transfer members to move independent of each other.

Abstract: Workpieces are quenched by gases in a heat-treatment system (1) and the circulated gases are recooled on cooling surfaces (12, 15) in at least one heat exchanger (11, 14), the cooling surfaces (15) of the heat exchanger (14) are cooled by a primary refrigeration unit (20) and a refrigerant to temperatures below 0.degree. C., preferably to temperatures below -20.degree. C. or even below -40.degree. C., to increase the intensity of the quenching. To reduce the size and power of the refrigeration unit (20), the quenching gas is sent in succession through at least one heat exchanger (11) cooled with water and at least one heat exchanger (14) cooled by a refrigerant. To reduce the size and power of the refrigeration unit (20) even further, this unit and a secondary refrigerant are used initially to cool down a storage volume of the primary refrigerant, such as a cooling brine, being stored under little or no pressure, to a temperature below 0.degree. C.

Abstract: A heat pump system dehumidifies air in an enclosure containing a source of humidity such as a swimming pool. The heat pump system invention transfers rejection heat from the primary refrigerant loop to a secondary water loop. The secondary water loop is coupled in heat exchange relationship to the primary condenser of the primary refrigerant loop for receiving the rejection heat including the latent heat and sensible heat from the refrigerant. The secondary water loop incorporates a circulating water pump and a storage tank and affords a substantially uniform load on the compressor, condenser and refrigerant of the refrigerant loop. The secondary water loop then provides versatility and flexibility in meeting variable load demand such as conditioning the enclosure air, heating water in open receptacles such as pools, dumping heat outside the enclosure, or adding heat to the enclosure. The secondary water loop displaces the variable load requirements from direct impact on the primary refrigerant loop.

Abstract: A cogeneration system includes a gas engine generator acting as private power generating equipment for generating power to be supplied to private electricity consuming equipment, and a source-side heat exchanger connected to the gas engine generator through an exhaust heat recovery piping to act as a heat source. A heat medium is heated and evaporated through a heat exchange in the source-side heat exchanger. The resulting vapor is allowed to flow upward to be supplied to room heating heat exchangers. The vapor is liquefied through a heat exchange in the room heating heat exchangers. The resulting liquid is allowed to flow downward back to the source-side heat exchanger. This natural circulation of the heat medium is used for the heating purpose. Surplus exhaust heat is released through a generator to control the heat medium supplied to the room heating heat exchangers.

Abstract: A low-temperature refrigeration system (10) is disclosed for accurately maintaining an instrument (11) with a time varying heat output at a substantially constant predetermined cryogenic temperature. The refrigeration system (10) controls the temperature of the instrument (11) by accurately adjusting the pressure of coolant at a heat exchanger interface (12) associated with the instrument (11). The pressure and flow of coolant is adjusted through the use of one or two circulation loops and/or a non-mechanical flow regulator (24) including a heater (32). The refrigeration system further provides a thermal capacitor (16) which allows for variation of the cooling output of the system (10) relative to a cooling output provided by a cooling source (14).

Abstract: An ice thermal storage refrigerator unit includes a brine path consisting essentially of a refrigerator, an ice thermal storage tank, a water heat exchanger, a brine pump, and control valves, which are connected by piping, and a cold water path consisting essentially of the water heat exchanger, a cooling load, and a cold water pump, which are connected by piping, so that brine is cooled in the refrigerator, and water in the ice thermal storage tank is frozen by the brine, thereby storing heat, and when heat is to be discharged, the brine is cooled by heat of fusion of the ice in the ice thermal storage tank, and the brine is introduced into the water heat exchanger to cool cold water, thereby taking out a cooling capacity.

Abstract: In coolness storage apparatus wherein brine in heat exchange tubes freezes and melts water and air is bubbled up through the water during the melting cycle to enhance heat exchange efficiency by gently circulating the water, vertical heat transfer strips in thermal conducting contact with the tubes for accelerating melting along each strip early in the discharge cycle to open channels through which the air bubbles stream to the top zone of the tank.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus is provided comprising a vessel confining a pool of liquid. A plurality of separate tubular passageways are immersed in the liquid. A header assembly is provided having a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is operatively connected to one end of each of the separate tubular passageways and the second chamber is operatively connected to the other end of each of the separate tubular passageways.

Abstract: Cold storage apparatus comprises a vessel (1) containing a storage liquid and a heat transfer liquid in direct contact with the storage liquid to transfer heat thereto or therefrom. The liquids are immiscible and of different densities and the heat transfer liquid remains liquid during heat transfer. The storage liquid comprises a liquid which solidifies when sufficiently cooled by the heat transfer liquid and the solidified storage liquid is of a different density to the storage liquid. The liquids form by gravity sequentially within the vessel (1) a first layer (4) of heat transfer liquid, a second layer (3) of storage liquid and a third layer (2) of solidified storage liquid. The cold storage apparatus includes heat transfer liquid circulating means (6) to deliver the heat transfer liquid to and from vessel (1).

Abstract: A load bank is constructed using a plurality of tubes made from electrica conductive material and a fluid system that supplies cooling fluid to the tubes. Each of a plurality of electrically conductive clamps is selectively positioned to electrically connect at least two of the tubes in a spaced apart parallel relationship. Each clamp can be adjusted in terms of the amount of force applied to the tubes it connects so that positioning of each clamp is adjustable along the length of the connected tubes. A combination of the clamps and the tubes form an electrically resistive current-carrying circuit that serves as the load for a power source while the cooling fluid serves to dissipate the heat generated in the load.