Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to electrochemical cells having dual electrolytes, systems of such electrochemical cells, and methods for manufacturing the same. In some embodiments, electrochemical cells can include a cathode disposed on a cathode current collector, an anode disposed on an anode current collector, and a separator disposed therebetween. In some embodiments, the separator can include materials that fluidically and/or chemically isolate the anode from the cathode. In some embodiments, the cathode and/or anode can include a slurry of an active material and a conductive material in a liquid electrolyte. In some embodiments, the anode can be fluidically coupled to an anode degassing port. In some embodiments, the cathode can be fluidically coupled to a cathode degassing port.

Abstract: A device for conditioning products intended to maintain the products within a determined temperature range, including a first box of parallelepiped shape; a second box of parallelepiped shape. The second box having overall dimensions less than the first box is intended to be positioned inside the first box in a removable manner. At least one thermal stabilisation element is intended to be positioned in a space formed between the first box and the second box. A temperature monitoring system includes a data monitoring unit and at least one temperature probe coupled to the monitoring unit. The monitoring unit is intended to be fixed onto the first box and the temperature probe is intended to be inserted into the second box. The second box includes a slot for positioning the temperature probe. The positioning slot maintains the temperature probe in position by compression.

Abstract: The disclosure includes an apparatus and a method for forming a frozen substance using directional freezing. The apparatus includes a mold and a directional freezing assembly. The mold is structured with an interior chamber structured to contain a liquid substance. The directional freezing assembly includes a directional freezing probe and a cold plate. The directional freezing probe extends into the interior chamber of the mold and initiates directional freezing of the liquid substance surrounding the directional freezing probe. The cold plate is connected to the directional freezing probe outside of the mold and dissipates heat drawn from the directional freezing probe to a surrounding environment.

Abstract: A dehumidification cooling apparatus for an indoor sports facility is provided which is capable of realizing dehumidification and cooling at a low operating cost in the indoor sports facility. This apparatus includes: an ice chamber for turning water into ice and storing it; an air supply-and-exhaust pipe which is disposed from the ice chamber to the indoor sports facility, leads to the ice chamber and leads to the upper space of the indoor sports facility; a fan which is disposed in a supply pipe of the air supply-and-exhaust pipe; and a heater which is disposed in the supply pipe of the air supply-and-exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A portable cooler having a body portion, including a bottom face, a front face, a rear face, and a pair of opposing side portions. The body portion defines an internal cavity. The cooler includes a lid portion that is in communication with the body portion. The internal cavity has at least one partition member disposed therein that is lying generally parallel to the bottom face. The at least one partition member divides the internal cavity into an upper portion and a lower portion. The at least one partition member includes a plurality of holes formed therein such that ice can be positioned with the contents of the cooler in the upper portion and water can flow through the plurality of holes to accumulate in the lower portion as the ice melts.

Abstract: A portable cooler having a body portion, including a bottom face, a front face, a rear face, and a pair of opposing side portions. The body portion defines an internal cavity. The cooler includes a lid portion that is in communication with the body portion. The internal cavity has at least one partition member disposed therein that is lying generally parallel to the bottom face. The at least one partition member divides the internal cavity into an upper portion and a lower portion. The at least one partition member includes a plurality of holes formed therein such that ice can be positioned with the contents of the cooler in the upper portion and water can flow through the plurality of holes to accumulate in the lower portion as the ice melts.

Abstract: A container for holding a cryogenic, two constituent liquid, is described. The container has two vent conduits disposed at different altitudes or levels inside the container wherein a first, cryogenic liquid is filled into the container until it vents from the first conduit. Then, a second, cryogenic liquid is filled into the container until the combined liquids vent through the second conduit. The vent conduits are preferably positioned to provide intended percentages of the various constituents comprising the liquid.

Abstract: In a containerized refrigerant comprising a refrigerant in a disposable container, wherein the refrigerant consists of a hydrogen-containing fluorocarbon, the disposable container 2 contains a solid adsorbent 4 together with the refrigerant 3 which consists of the hydrogen-containing fluorocarbon in order to prevent the purity of the refrigerant from being lowered and the container from being corroded during storage for a long time.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling a first cryogenic liquid in a vessel comprises the steps of directing a second cryogenic into the first cryogenic fluid and releasing gas from the vessel. The first cryogenic fluid has a boiling point that is higher than the boiling point of the second cryogenic fluid. Directing the second cryogenic fluid into the first cryogenic fluid results in the second fluid cooling the first fluid and the second fluid vaporizing. The vaporized fluid is released as a gas from the vessel. The vessel may be a propellant tank for a space vehicle. The first and second cryogenic fluids are delivered from supplies located outside of the vehicle. The first cryogenic liquid may be oxygen and the second cryogenic liquid may be nitrogen, neon, or helium. In another aspect of the invention, the first cryogenic liquid may be hydrogen and the second cryogenic liquid may be helium.

Abstract: A method for densifying the LO2 propellant of a vehicle (10) includes providing a heat exchanger (16) including a chamber (22), and an isolated heater (24) and cooler (26) located within the chamber (22). The method further includes the step of pumping propellant (LO2) (with pump 14) from the vehicle (10) to the first port (24i) of the path of the heater (24), to thereby create a flow of propellant (LO2) through the heater (24) path, and from the second port (24o) of the path of the heater (24). In conjunction with the pumping, propellant (LO2) is coupled from the second port (24o) of the heater (24) back to the vehicle (10), to thereby establish a recirculating flow of propellant (LO2). The chamber (22) of the heat exchanger (16) is filled with at least sufficient cryogenic liquid (LN2) to cover at least a portion of the path of the cooler (26), and preferably the entirety of the path of the cooler (26).

Abstract: A vacuum pump of the steam-ejector type uses steam generated by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen. The mass of ejected steam is increased, and the temperature of the ejected steam is reduced, by injection of water into the combustion product. Propellant densification is accomplished by using such a vacuum pump to reduce the vapor pressure of a cryogenic liquid, thereby reducing its temperature. The cryogenic liquid may be the propellant, or it may be a coolant medium thermally coupled to the propellant.

Abstract: A fluid storage and dispensing system comprising a vessel for holding a fluid at a desired pressure. The vessel has a pressure regulator, e.g., a single-stage or multi-stage regulator, associated with a port of the vessel, and set at a predetermined pressure. A dispensing assembly, e.g., including a flow control means such as a valve, is arranged in gas/vapor flow communication with the regulator, whereby the opening of the valve effects dispensing of gas/vapor from the vessel. The fluid in the vessel may be constituted by a liquid that is confined in the vessel at a pressure in excess of its liquefaction pressure at prevailing temperature conditions, e.g., ambient (room) temperature. In another aspect, the vessel contains a solid-phase sorbent material having sorbable gas adsorbed thereon, at a pressure in excess of 50 psig. The vessel may have a >1 inch NGT threaded neck opening, to accommodate the installation of an interior regulator.

Abstract: A suitable slurry composition allows gas hydrates to be stored or transported under metastable conditions. The slurry includes gas hydrate particles and a carrier liquid for the gas hydrate particles. Suitable carrier liquids have a specific gravity in the range from about 0.6 to about 2, a pour point below about -20.degree. C. a viscosity of about 10 centipoise or less, and a thermal conductivity lower than that of the gas hydrate particles. The slurry can be stored or transported in a system that includes a container for holding the slurry; a device for agitating the slurry while in the container (e.g., a mixing blade, a rotating screw, a reciprocating box beam, or an ultrasound generator); a device for removing excess carrier liquid from the container while it is loaded or being loaded with gas hydrates and/or carrier liquid (e.g., a skimming device or a drain); and a device for reslurrifying the gas hydrates with carrier liquid before or during unloading of the gas hydrates from the container (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for freeze granulation of a medium such as a biopharmeceutical product. The medium is put into a chamber and mixed using a pair of counter rotating agitators. The agitators have angled blades or paddles on them in order to induce motion in the medium parallel to the axis of the agitator shafts. A set of liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide nozzles are attached to the chamber. The liquid nitrogen nozzles spray a mist of liquid nitrogen into the medium. The liquid carbon dioxide nozzles spray carbon dioxide snow into the chamber. The liquid nitrogen and the carbon dioxide can be sprayed into the chamber at the same time or alternately.

Abstract: Fuel storage and delivery systems are provided for storing pressurized liquefied natural gas (PLNG) fuel at a pressure of about 1035 kPa (150 psia) to about 7590 kPa (1100 psia) and at a temperature of about -123.degree. C. (-190.degree. F.) to about -62.degree. C. (-80.degree. F.) and delivering vaporized PLNG fuel on demand for combustion in an engine. The fuel storage and delivery systems have fuel storage containers that are constructed from ultra-high strength, low alloy steel containing less than 9 wt % nickel and having a tensile strength greater than 830 MPa (120 ksi) and a DBTT lower than about -73.degree. C. (-100.degree. F.). While not limited thereto, the present invention is especially useful for automobiles, buses, trucks and other vehicles with engines designed to operate through combustion of natural gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of treating the BOG generated in low temperature liquid storage tanks are described, wherein the BOG is strongly adsorbed to and stored in a porous material by contacting the BOG with the porous material in the presence of a compound serving as a host.

Abstract: A receptacle for maintaining perishables, such as food, at a reduced temperature features an exterior shell joined to an interior shell so that a space occupied by a vacuum exists between them. The junction of the inner and outer shells is located on the exterior of the receptacle. Phase change material is disposed within compartments in the bottom of the receptacle and is covered by a false bottom. A cryogenic liquid, such as liquid nitrogen, is poured down the interior walls of the receptacle and into the compartments containing the phase change material so that the phase change material is frozen in situs. A liquid absorbing material may be substituted for the phase change material.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method for freeze granulation of a medium such as a biopharmeceutical product. The medium is put into a chamber and mixed using a pair of counter rotating agitators. The agitators have angled blades or paddles on them in order to induce motion in the medium parallel to the axis of the agitator shafts. A set of liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide nozzles are attached to the chamber. The liquid nitrogen nozzles spray a mist of liquid nitrogen into the medium. The liquid carbon dioxide nozzles spray carbon dioxide snow into the chamber. The liquid nitrogen and the carbon dioxide can be sprayed into the chamber at the same time or alternately.

Abstract: A gas hydrate storage reservoir includes at least one insulated wall defining an opening and a sunlight permeable top covering the opening. A gas-tight, gas hydrate storage cavity is defined within the top and the wall(s). A cover element is provided to cover at least a portion of the top to prevent sunlight from passing through that portion of the top. The gas storage reservoir also includes devices for removing gas and water from the storage cavity. In use, when gas is desired by the user, the cover element is removed from at least a portion of the sunlight permeable top so that sunlight will pass through the top and into the storage reservoir. Heat energy from the sun warms the exposed gas hydrates, thereby forcing the hydrates to dissociate into gas and water. The gas is removed from the tank and transported to an appropriate location for use. When sunlight is unavailable or when additional gas is needed than that produced by dissociation via the sun, an external, auxiliary heater (e.g.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for mixing two cryogenic liquids in which a first amount of first cryogenic liquid is introduced into a vented vessel having one or more vents. The vent or vents are then closed and a second amount of a second cryogenic level is introduced into the closed vessel at a level above the surface of the first cryogenic liquid in the vessel. The second cryogenic liquid has a greater density or both a greater density and a higher boiling point temperature than that of the first cryogenic liquid, thereby to produce a substantially homogeneous cryogenic liquid mixture of predetermined composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of storing and transporting acetylene in which acetylene is introduced under pressure into liquid nitrogen to produce a liquid solid mixture. The feeding of the acetylene can be done by spraying the acetylene over the liquid nitrogen or sparging the acetylene into a pool of liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: A process of generating fog by providing a transport vessel, loading predetermined quantities of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen into the transport vessel, and subjecting the transport vessel to a plurality of accelerations and decelerations to achieve a homogeneous mixture of the liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen. The homogeneous mixture is delivered to a fog generator and fog is produced therefrom.

Abstract: A cryogenic freezing method uses a mixture of liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen in amounts approximating the composition of atmospheric air to freeze food products. The mixture preferably includes 18% to 25% oxygen and the balance nitrogen, with small amounts of residuals which are commonly found in air. The present invention involves replacing a liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen cooling medium which is used in known cryogenic freezers with a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen mixture. The liquid nitrogen and oxygen mixture can be used according the present invention in many of the known freezers using liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium, including tunnel freezers, spiral freezers, and immersion freezers. The use of a liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen mixture improves the efficiency of a freezer because the cold vapors are not exhausted from the freezer. In addition, the leakage of vapors from the freezer into the room air will not create unsafe conditions for workers.

Abstract: The transportation and storage of phenol is enhanced by additions of up to 70% by weight of acetone to liquid phenol.

Abstract: A system for the storage and on-demand dispensing of a fluid that is sorbable on a physical sorbent and that subsequent to sorption is desorbable from the sorbent by pressure-mediated desorption and/or thermally-mediated desorption. The system includes a storage and dispensing vessel containing the physical sorbent, and a desorbed gas retention structure, e.g., a storage vessel, or an extended length of gas flow conduit, for holding fluid that is desorbed from the physical sorbent and flowed to the retention structure for subsequent discharge. A pump is operatively coupled in gas flow communication with the storage and dispensing vessel, and selectively operable to effect desorption of fluid in the storage and dispensing vessel, and transfer of desorbed fluid to the retention structure for holding therein.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus includes a dewar and a quantity of liquid nitrogen within the container. Gaseous helium is contacted to the liquid nitrogen, either by contacting its top surface or by being bubbled through the liquid nitrogen. The temperature of the cryogenic liquid is lowered by the contact of the gas.

Abstract: A method of storing and transporting gas wherein a large amount of gas is stored and transported by bringing the gas into contact with a porous material having fine pores and a large specific surface area in the presence of a compound serving as a host at or close to room temperature. The method according to the invention enables the gas in an amount equivalent to more than 180 times as much as an unit volume of the porous material to be stored or transported in a short time, even under a low pressure, for example, atmospheric pressure or up to 10.68 atm (equivalent to 10 kg/cm.sup.2 by gauge pressure) or less, and furthermore, is applicable to various kinds of gases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of mixing liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen to form a liquid mixture in which such streams are passed through a parallel flow heat exchanger in order to form a subcooled liquid oxygen stream and a partly vaporized liquid nitrogen stream both having the same temperature. The partly vaporized liquid nitrogen stream is phase separated in a phase separator to form liquid and vaporized nitrogen phases. The liquid phase stream composed of the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the subcooled liquid oxygen stream, preferably in a mixing tee, in order to form the desired mixture.

Abstract: A system for the storage and on-demand dispensing of a fluid that is sorbable on a physical sorbent and that subsequent to sorption is desorbable from the sorbent by pressure-mediated desorption and/or thermally-mediated desorption.

Abstract: A portable housing holds a quantity of ice and the melt water from the ice or cooled water or cooled liquid is circulated through a heat exchanger. A blower circulates air from the room through the heat exchanger and back into the room for cooling the room. The housing includes a relatively large chamber for holding the ice and a relatively smaller chamber in which the blower is disposed. Melt water from the ice, or cooled water or cooled liquid, is pumped through the heat exchanger and from the heat exchanger the liquid flows by gravity back to the ice and water chamber. An alternate embodiment is disclosed in which there is a closed loop liquid heat exchange system by which a coil is disposed beneath the ice and is cooled. A pump continuously circulates the liquid in the closed loop, with the heat exchanger through which air is blown is part of the closed loop system. The apparatus may also be used as a portable heater by using hot water instead of cold water in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A container (10) for the storage of perishable foodstuffs is chilled by means of a liquefied gas comprising a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen which when totally vaporised has an oxygen concentration of between 15 and 22%, the remaining concentration being substantially of nitrogen. Such an atmosphere is breathable, and hence avoids the problems associated with non breathable chilling atmospheres.

Abstract: Mixed refrigerants provide refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures with throttling cycles operating with a one-stage compressor. The refrigerants include noncondensable gases such as helium, neon, or hydrogen to increase the overall cooling capacity of a refrigeration system at the same refrigeration temperature which is attainable without such noncondensable gases. More refrigeration can be produced with existing systems at temperatures above the normal boiling point of nitrogen or argon by adding, for example, helium, than for refrigerant blends without helium. By increasing the return pressure value of the refrigeration cycle in relation to the molar percent of helium present in the refrigerant, a constant refrigeration temperature may be maintained which exhibits greater stability than prior systems operating at the same temperature without helium enrichment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a breathable, life-supporting cryogenic liquid mixture including the steps of: producing a stream of treated natural air having substantially all the carbon dioxide and moisture removed therefrom; admixing a quantity of mixing gas containing nitrogen in a proportion greater than natural air thereby to producing a product gas mixture having a desired oxygen/nitrogen ratio and liquefying this said mixture in a heat exchanger against a suitable chilling fluid.

Abstract: A device for maintaining a vacuum in a thermally insulating jacket is described. The device comprises a container formed of a gas-tight material, preferably aluminum, which has an opening to the atmosphere. Inside the container is a first pellet comprising a powder of a Ba-Li alloy getter material. Arranged above, and completely covering, the first pellet is a second pellet comprising a powder of a drying material, optionally including the oxide of a noble metal and a material to prevent contraction of the drier. A process for manufacturing such a device is also described in which the first pellet is obtained by compression of its constituent powders at a pressure between about 30 bar and 1000 bar.

Abstract: A device for maintaining a vacuum in a thermally insulating jacket is described. The device comprises a container formed of a gas-tight material, preferably aluminum, which has an opening to the atmosphere. Inside the container is a first pellet comprising a powder of a Ba--Li alloy getter material. Arranged above, and completely covering, the first pellet is a second pellet comprising a powder of a drying material, optionally including the oxide of a noble metal and a material to prevent contraction of the drier. A process for manufacturing such a device is also described in which the first pellet is obtained by compression of its constituent powders at a pressure between about 30 bar and 1000 bar.

Abstract: In a process to transport acetylene which is dissolved in a solvent in a pressurized, insulated tank, the acetylene-to-solvent mass ratio of the solution is 0.30 at the maximum, whereby the solution has a temperature of up to -55.degree. C. [-67.degree. F.]. The surface of the solution in the tank is covered by a multilayer configuration consisting of pieces of floating material.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating, transporting and dissociating gas hydrates are disclosed. The preferred apparatus includes a mobile tank initially containing liquid water. Compressed hydrate-forming gas is combined in a pipe with the liquid water under locally supercooled conditions. The formed gas hydrate is blown into the mobile tank for transport and eventual consumption.

Abstract: A regenerative sorption compressor assembly for use in a sorption compressor/refrigerator system. The regenerative sorption compressor assembly of the present invention comprises a series of sorption compressor elements connected to a flowing loop of heat transport fluid. The compressor elements are heated and cooled by the heat transport fluid. At some point in the loop the fluid path is broken and the fluid is diverted to a heat source. At another point in the loop the fluid path is broken and the fluid is diverted to a heat sink. The points at which the heating and cooling flows are diverted are switched from compressor element to element in the direction of fluid flow at such a rate that the thermal capacity rate of the fluid in the heat transport loop relative to the moving switch point is equal and opposite to the thermal capacity rate of the compressor assembly relative to the switch point.

Abstract: A device for the removal of hydrogen from a vacuum enclosure at cryogenic temperatures, especially high energy particle accelerators which comprises a metal support preferably in the form of a strip of aluminium and a composition able to sorb hydrogen adherent to the support in particular on at least one surface of the strip. The composition comprises a porous absorber of H.sub.2 O, preferably powdered aluminium oxide and in contact with palladium oxide which preferably covers, at least partially, the water absorber.

Abstract: First and second refrigerating circuits respectively cause first and second adsorbing bodies to alternately adsorb and release first and second coolants. In the first refrigerating circuit, when the first adsorbing body is heated, it releases the first coolant. The released first coolant is cooled, and discharged through an expansion valve so that a part of the first coolant is liquefied. The resultant latent heat of vaporization can be utilized to cool an object to be cooled. Thereafter, the first coolant is adsorbed when the first adsorbing body is cooled. In the second refrigerating circuit, when the second adsorbing body is heated, it releases the second coolant. The released second coolant is cooled by a liquefied-gas-type cooler, and discharged through an expansion valve so that a part of the second coolant is liquefied. The resultant latent heat of vaporization is utilized to cool the first adsorbing body of the first refrigerating circuit.

Abstract: The present invention produces a cold gas stream having a constant temperature and pressure. The gas stream is obtained from two initial streams, one being a liquefied gas and the other being a gas at ambient temperature. The liquefied gas stream is combined with the warm gas stream, causing the liquid to vaporize. The two streams are combined in proportions that yield a cold gas mixture having a desired temperature. The resulting cold gas mixture is directed into an insulated container having a volume significantly larger than the volume of the conduits through which the streams flow. The container therefore acts as a buffer to reduce pressure fluctuations in the stream. A temperature equalization coil is located in the interior of the container. The coil has one open end which communicates with the interior region of the container, the other end of the coil being connected to an outlet line.

Abstract: A cold plate for cooling different beverages drawn from supply cylinders, the cold plate being formed by a rectangular base over which is a run-off roof defined by sloping end and side sections. Embedded in the cold plate are cooling coils terminating in input and output terminals that project from the underside of the base, the coil inputs being coupled by upstream lines to respective supply cylinders, the coil outputs being coupled by downstream lines to a soda gun to selectively dispense the beverages. The cold plate is received in the well of a thermally-insulated sink having an open bottom bordered by a rectangular ledge. The base of the cold plate is seated on the ledge in spaced relation to the sides of the well to define a gutter in which there is a water drain. The sink is filled with ice cubes that cover the exposed surfaces of the cold plate and are in heat-exchange relationship with the cooling coils to cool the beverages flowing therethrough.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for cooling high temperature superconducting materials (HTSC) to superconductive temperatures within the range of 27.degree. K. to 77.degree. K. using a mixed refrigerant consisting of liquefied neon and nitrogen containing up to about ten mole percent neon by contacting and surrounding the HTSC material with the mixed refrigerant so that free convection or forced flow convection heat transfer can be effected.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing low temperature refrigeration comprising a refrigeration sub-system for circulating a first refrigerant to provide alternately two outputs for different time periods including a first output at a relatively warm temperature level and a second output at a relatively cold temperature level. The sub-system outputs are furnished to a cryosorption pumping circuit comprised of a closed loop conduit for a second refrigerant and connected to a plurality of sorbent beds which cause cyclic adsorption and desorption of the second refrigerant material. External conditioning utilizing the first refrigerant is used to cause further temperature reduction of said second refrigerant in the closed loop conduit of the cryosorption pumping circuit.

Abstract: Refrigeration apparatus for cooling or freezing products such as protein materials includes a drum through which heat transfer fluid is circulated. A belt is wrapped around part of the drum surface and the product to be refrigerated is applied to the drum surface, being pressed thereagainst by the belt. Either liquid or triple point carbon dioxide is circulated through the drum to cool the product in contact therewith. Other heat transfer fluids such as D-Limonene or DOWTHERM may also be circulated through the drum. A tank and related apparatus for cooling the heat transfer fluid is also disclosed.

Abstract: During the production of solid CO.sub.2 pellets by compressing CO.sub.2 snow, in order to reduce the sublimation of the CO.sub.2 snow in the compressing step, the CO.sub.2 snow is subcooled with a cryomedium, e.g., argon or nitrogen. The compression mold may be separately cooled and the CO.sub.2 snow may be subcooled with liquid cryomedium while in a storage vessel and/or sprayed with liquid cryomedium while on a conveyor leading to the press.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cryogenic Joule-Thomson refrigeration capable of pumping multicomponent gases with a single stage sorption compressor system. Alternative methods of pumping a multicomponent gas with a single stage compressor are disclosed. In a first embodiment, the sorbent geometry is such that a void is defined near the output of the sorption compressor. When the sorbent is cooled, the sorbent primarily adsorbs the higher boiling point gas such that the lower boiling point gas passes through the sorbent to occupy the void. When the sorbent is heated, the higher boiling point gas is desorbed at high temperature and pressure and thereafter propels the lower boiling point gas out of the sorption compressor. A mixing chamber is provided to remix the constituent gases prior to expansion of the gas through a Joule-Thomson valve. Other methods of pumping multicomponent gas are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a clathrate of a gas-hydrate-forming material and water by preparing a dispersion of liquid water in a continuous fluid phase comprising the gas-hydrate-forming material and controlling the temperature and the pressure such that a clathrate is formed.

Abstract: A coolant for use in cryogenic devices of closed cycle system which comprises a mixture of a liquid nitrogen and a fluorocarbon of the formula: C.sub.n F.sub.2n+2, wherein n is an integer of 2 to 4. The coolant, when used to cool heat generating semiconductor devices and other devices to a cryogenic temperature, exhibits an increased heat flux and thus an increased cooling capability, in addition to a simple and small structure of the cooling system, and a prevention of environmental pollution.

Abstract: A cooler for storing ice, water and food stuff defining an insulated compartment. Several beverage container holders are disposed around the housing and include connecting openings that allow the cold water in. These holders extend below the plane of the bottom wall in order to maximize the level of the water contained in the holder and thereby increasing the heat exchange area with the container. At least one container dispensing assembly is provided for stacking up the containers adjacent to the peripheral wall and allowing the containers to roll over the bottom wall and outwardly through an aperture on the lower end of the wall. The bottom wall includes a depression in the area below the aperture to cause the water to accumulate thereon and increase the heat exchange area with the container as it passes through. A convexity on the internal surface of the bottom wall prevents any water from collecting thereon.