Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for natural refrigeration comprising a naturally refrigerated cooler and ice bin containing an ice bin with a refrigerator compartment suspended within it. The ice bin and cooler compartment are configured such that when ice cubes and the resulting cold water are loaded into the ice bin, the ice cubes and resulting cold water surround the refrigerator compartment and act to remove heat from inside the refrigerator compartment.

Abstract: A portable ice bucket apparatus for storing and dispensing ice includes: (a) an upper bucket portion including an insulated bucket with an opening at the top of the bucket and an ice body chute opening in a bottom wall of the bucket; (b) a motorless lower stand portion, the upper bucket portion being detachably attachable to the stand portion; (c) a dispensing mechanism including a movable gate flap within the bucket portion, a spring-loaded lever, and a gate shaft and a dispensing lever within the stand portion, the dispensing lever being coupled to the gate shaft, the gate shaft being coupled to the spring-loaded lever, the gate shaft being coupled with the gate flap; and (d) a water drainage and collection mechanism including a reservoir in the stand portion, and preferably a drain valve; wherein the movable gate flap in a closed position substantially covers the ice body chute opening.

Abstract: A dehumidification cooling apparatus for an indoor sports facility is provided which is capable of realizing dehumidification and cooling at a low operating cost in the indoor sports facility. This apparatus includes: an ice chamber for turning water into ice and storing it; an air supply-and-exhaust pipe which is disposed from the ice chamber to the indoor sports facility, leads to the ice chamber and leads to the upper space of the indoor sports facility; a fan which is disposed in a supply pipe of the air supply-and-exhaust pipe; and a heater which is disposed in the supply pipe of the air supply-and-exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A portable cooler having a body portion, including a bottom face, a front face, a rear face, and a pair of opposing side portions. The body portion defines an internal cavity. The cooler includes a lid portion that is in communication with the body portion. The internal cavity has at least one partition member disposed therein that is lying generally parallel to the bottom face. The at least one partition member divides the internal cavity into an upper portion and a lower portion. The at least one partition member includes a plurality of holes formed therein such that ice can be positioned with the contents of the cooler in the upper portion and water can flow through the plurality of holes to accumulate in the lower portion as the ice melts.

Abstract: An inflatable container comprises a support wall defining a storage cavity. The support wall includes a flexible material forming at least one air chamber that when full of air or other gas forms a structure for holding ice and other material received within the storage cavity of the support wall. A drainage compartment communicates with a generally lower portion of and is disposed external to the storage cavity defined by the support wall for drawing melted ice away from the storage cavity and into the drainage compartment.

Abstract: An inflatable container comprises a support wall defining a storage cavity. The support wall includes a flexible material forming at least one air chamber that when full of air or other gas forms a structure for holding ice and other material received within the storage cavity of the support wall. A drainage compartment communicates with a generally lower portion of and is disposed external to the storage cavity defined by the support wall for drawing melted ice away from the storage cavity and into the drainage compartment.

Abstract: A portable cooler having a body portion, including a bottom face, a front face, a rear face, and a pair of opposing side portions. The body portion defines an internal cavity. The cooler includes a lid portion that is in communication with the body portion. The internal cavity has at least one partition member disposed therein that is lying generally parallel to the bottom face. The at least one partition member divides the internal cavity into an upper portion and a lower portion. The at least one partition member includes a plurality of holes formed therein such that ice can be positioned with the contents of the cooler in the upper portion and water can flow through the plurality of holes to accumulate in the lower portion as the ice melts.

Abstract: A suitable slurry composition allows gas hydrates to be stored or transported under metastable conditions. The slurry includes gas hydrate particles and a carrier liquid for the gas hydrate particles. Suitable carrier liquids have a specific gravity in the range from about 0.6 to about 2, a pour point below about -20.degree. C. a viscosity of about 10 centipoise or less, and a thermal conductivity lower than that of the gas hydrate particles. The slurry can be stored or transported in a system that includes a container for holding the slurry; a device for agitating the slurry while in the container (e.g., a mixing blade, a rotating screw, a reciprocating box beam, or an ultrasound generator); a device for removing excess carrier liquid from the container while it is loaded or being loaded with gas hydrates and/or carrier liquid (e.g., a skimming device or a drain); and a device for reslurrifying the gas hydrates with carrier liquid before or during unloading of the gas hydrates from the container (e.g.

Abstract: Molded bodies of a hydrogen absorbing alloy accommodated in a hydrogen storage container are made readily replaceable to ensure stabilized supply of hydrogen gas. When exhibiting an impaired hydrogen absorbing-desorbing capacity, the molded bodies can be easily replaced by new molded bodies, whereby a specified hydrogen absorbing-desorbing capacity can be maintained. The hydrogen gas released from the storage container is partly utilized to heat the container and thereby maintain the alloy at a predetermined temperature, consequently assuring a device, such as a fuel cell, of stabilized supply of hydrogen from the container.

Abstract: A metal hydride hydrogen storage system comprising: at least a first metal hydride storage module directly coupled to an identical second metal hydride storage module, where each of the storage modules comprises: a metal hydride pressure vessel having a first and a second valved port; and a metal hydride material disposed within the pressure vessel; where the second valved port of the first module is directly coupled to the first valved port of said second module. The first and second valved ports of each of the storage modules may be adapted so that they are normally closed and so that said second valved port of the first module and the first valved port of the second module are urged open upon direct coupling.

Abstract: Molded bodies of a hydrogen absorbing alloy accommodated in a hydrogen storage container are made readily replaceable to ensure stabilized supply of hydrogen gas. When exhibiting an impaired hydrogen absorbing-desorbing capacity, the molded bodies can be easily replaced by new molded bodies, whereby a specified hydrogen absorbing-desorbing capacity can be maintained. The hydrogen gas released from the storage container is partly utilized to heat the container and thereby maintain the alloy at a predetermined temperature, consequently assuring a device, such as a fuel cell, of stabilized supply of hydrogen from the container.

Abstract: A modular metal hydride hydrogen storage system which can provide a robust and reliable source of hydrogen that can quickly and easily be modified for a variety of applications and environments. The hydrogen storage system comprises at least one storage module. Each storage module comprises a container having at least one open end, a metal hydride hydrogen storage means, means for introducing gaseous hydrogen into and withdrawing gaseous hydrogen from the container, and means for connecting storage modules together end-to-end to form a plurality of storage modules.

Abstract: A modular metal hydride hydrogen storage system which can provide a robust and reliable source of hydrogen that can quickly and easily be modified for a variety of applications and environments. The hydrogen storage system comprises at least one storage module. Each storage module comprises a container for storing metal hydride and gaseous hydrogen, and an adapter for connecting storage modules together end-to-end to form a connected sequence of storage modules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a combined system for activating a fuel cell with hydrogen absorbed and stored in a hydrogen-storage alloy to drive an electric vehicle and for conditioning the air with the hydrogen absorbed and stored in the hydrogen-storage alloy. The combined system of the invention sucks hydrogen out of the hydrogen-storage alloy by a compressor. The combined system of the invention cools the air with a cooling power generated in discharge of hydrogen from the hydrogen-storage alloy and heats the air with a heat generated in absorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen-storage alloy. The combined system preferably includes a heat storage tank disposed in a conduit of a heating medium for storing an excess of a cooling power caused by a variation in an amount of hydrogen required for the fuel cell. Alternatively, the combined system has a secondary battery which is charged with an excess power of the fuel cell and discharges to make up for a deficient power of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A loosely wrapped multi-layer thermal insulation structure is provided by coextensively winding, a continuous thin metal foil and a superimposed continuous low thermal conductivity porous material spacer about a mandrel, preferably functioning as an inner metallic shell for such loosely wound metal foil and spacer assembly. A plurality of narrow low thermal conductivity porous material strips are interposed between adjacent turns of the spiral wound metal foil and spacer assembly at laterally spaced positions throughout the assembly to form localized, narrow dense wound material areas defining an integral load-bearing system for the thermal insulation structure. Longitudinally extending permanent getter material strips may be bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the inner metallic shell defining gas passages for gas diffusion within the metal foil and spacer assembly. The metal foil may be perforated to facilitate that action.

Abstract: A vehicle using hydrogen absorbing alloys includes: a plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloy storing vessels for independently storing a plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloys with a different hydrogen equilibrium decomposition pressure; a connecting section for passing hydrogen to and fro among the plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloy storing vessels; and a heating section for heating a low pressure hydrogen absorbing alloy which has the lowest hydrogen equilibrium decomposition pressure among the plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloys, using the combustion heat from fuel of an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine of the vehicle as a heat source. Heat of reaction generated by absorption or desorption of hydrogen is utilized for heating or cooling the air in a passenger compartment or a component of the vehicle. The connecting section includes a hydrogen gas storing vessel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating, transporting and dissociating gas hydrates are disclosed. The preferred apparatus includes a mobile tank initially containing liquid water. Compressed hydrate-forming gas is combined in a pipe with the liquid water under locally supercooled conditions. The formed gas hydrate is blown into the mobile tank for transport and eventual consumption.

Abstract: A vehicle using hydrogen absorbing alloys includes: a plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloy storing vessels for independently storing a plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloys with a different hydrogen equilibrium decomposition pressure; a connecting section for passing hydrogen to and fro among the plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloy storing vessels; and a heating section for heating a low pressure hydrogen absorbing alloy which has the lowest hydrogen equilibrium decomposition pressure among the plurality of hydrogen absorbing alloys, using the combustion heat from fuel of an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine of the vehicle as a heat source. Heat of reaction generated by absorption or desorption of hydrogen is utilized for heating or cooling the air in a passenger compartment or a component of the vehicle. The connecting section includes a hydrogen gas storing vessel.

Abstract: A system and method is provided whereby exhaust gases from a cold started internal combustion engine are rapidly brought to catalytic combustion conditions. Specifically, a closed system of a low pressure metal hydride heat exchanger and a high pressure metal hydride heat exchanger is provided which, upon engine ignition, effectuates hydrogen flow from the high pressure alloy exchanger to the low pressure alloy exchanger with rapid heating of the low pressure alloy due to hydrogen occlusion, and with the further provision that the heated low pressure hydride alloy exchanger is in heat exchange relationship with the cold started engine exhaust gases or the vehicle catalytic converter and provides heat necessary for initiation of catalytic combustion of pollutants in the said exhaust gases.

Abstract: Improved process for evacuating the thermally insulating jacket of a dewar having an inner wall and an outer wall, with the inner space between said walls completely or partially filled with an insulating material, containing also a moisture sorbing material and a getter material, in which said moisture sorbing material is a chemical drying agent.

Abstract: A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system for cooling and heating a space. A sorbent is confined in a plurality of compressors of which at least four are first stage and at least four are second stage. The first stage operates over a first pressure region and the second stage over a second pressure region which is higher than the first. Sorbate from the first stage enters the second stage. The sorbate loop includes a condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and the compressors. A single sorbate loop can be employed for single-temperature-control such as air conditioning and heating. Two sorbate loops can be used for two-temperature-control as in a refrigerator and freezer. The evaporator temperatures control the freezer and refrigerator temperatures. Alternatively the refrigerator temperature can be cooled by the freezer with one sorbate loop. A heat transfer fluid is circulated in a closed loop which includes a radiator and the compressors. Low temperature heat is exhausted by the radiator.

Abstract: A device for the removal of hydrogen from a vacuum enclosure at cryogenic temperatures, especially high energy particle accelerators which comprises a metal support preferably in the form of a strip of aluminium and a composition able to sorb hydrogen adherent to the support in particular on at least one surface of the strip. The composition comprises a porous absorber of H.sub.2 O, preferably powdered aluminium oxide and in contact with palladium oxide which preferably covers, at least partially, the water absorber.

Abstract: This system utilizes three kinds of metal hydrides, MH1, MH2, and MH3, having the highest, an intermediate, and the lowest equilibrium hydrogen pressures, respectively, in the order mentioned, each kind of metal hydrides being enclosed in two sets of respective metal-hydride containers. While hydrogen flows from the metal hydride MH3 to the metal hydrides MH2 and MH1 in one set, hydrogen flows from the metal hydrides MH2 and MH1 metal hydride MH3 in other set such that the cold heat generated by hydrogen dissociation from the metal hydride MH2 in said other set is utilized to cool the metal hydride MH1 of said one set for efficient hydrogen absorption by the metal hydride MH1, and the cold heat generated by hydrogen dissociation from the metal hydride MH1 of said other set is provided for refrigeration.

Abstract: A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system is provided which can regenerate a high percentage of the sensible heat of the system and at least a portion of the heat of adsorption. A series of at least four compressors containing an adsorbent is provided. A large amount of heat is transferred from compressor to compressor so that heat is regenerated. The process and system are useful for air conditioning rooms, providing room heat in the winter or for hot water heating throughout the year, and, in general, for pumping heat from a low temperature to a higher temperature.

Abstract: A heat pump that includes organic hydride (12) and metal hydride (2) systems cools a conditioned space (6) by transferring heat from the conditioned space to a metal hydride bed (4), thereby decomposing a metal hydride in the bed to form H.sub.2. The H.sub.2 flows to a vapor space (14) in the liquid hydride system (12) and reacts with a dehydrogenation product at a catalytic surface (32) in the vapor space to form an organic hydride and an exothermic heat of reaction. The heat pump also may be used to upgrade waste heat by transferring heat from a relatively low temperature heat source to decompose the metal hydride. The exothermic heat of reaction may then be removed from the vapor space and used for space heating. In both embodiments, the metal hydride bed (4) may be regenerated by supplying an endothermic heat of reaction to the catalytic surface (32), thereby dehydrogenating the organic hydride to form H.sub.2. The H.sub.

Abstract: A device for controlled insulation of a thermal device. The device includes a thermal jacket with a closed volume able to be evacuated to form an insulating jacket around the thermal source. A getter material is in communcation with the closed volume of the thermal jacket. The getter material can absorb and desorb a control gas to control gas pressure in the volume of the thermal jacket to control thermal conductivity in the thermal jacket.

Abstract: In order to make a thermal utilization system operable in a stable and efficient condition regardless the variation of the operating heat source used, the system is provided with three hydrogen absorbing alloys having different pressure-temperature characteristics, wherein absorption/desorption of hydrogen gas is performed in two steps, i.e. the hydrogen gas desorbed from a first alloy is absorbed by a second alloy at a predetermined pressure, and is absorbed by the third alloy at a higher pressure after it is desorbed from the second alloy in a case when the temperature of the operating heat source is low, while the hydrogen gas desorbed from the first alloy is directly transported from the first alloy to the third alloy to be absorbed there when the temperature of the operating heat source is high.

Abstract: A heat pump utilizing beds of hydride forming materials for absorption and desorption of hydrogen as a working fluid in a sealed system. A bed structure including alternate layers of heat conducting discs and powdered hydride former is disclosed, and the incorporation of the beds into a liquid type heat exchanger-reaction vessel is also set forth.

Abstract: A method is provided of conducting a thermochemical absorption or desorption reaction between a gas and a solid in the presence of a heat-carrying fluid in a closed enclosure. This method comprises a first step in which, for the pressure prevailing in the reactor, the variation of the mean power of the reaction is determined as a function of the difference which exists between the temperature of the heat-carrying fluid and the equilibrium temperature of the reaction, given by the Clapeyron diagram, for defining an optimum zone in which the reaction takes place with maximum mean power, and a second step in which the reaction takes place, in which a reference temperature is imposed on the heat-carrying fluid such that the reaction takes place in the optimum zone.

Abstract: A refrigerating and/or heating device of the contact type utilizing the endothermic and exothermic reactions of a hydrogen absorbing alloy comprises a contact member (16) in the form of a closed container (18) having a contact surface (17) and packed with a hydrogen absorbing alloy (19), a handle member (21) in the form of a closed container (22) packed with another hydrogen absorbing alloy (23), and a gas pipe (25) interconnecting the two members and having a valve (26).

Abstract: A sorption container for solid sorption medium, for example, zeolite, consists at least partially of a flexible metal corrugated hose, whose waves are filled on the inside with sorption medium.

Abstract: An air conditioner for an automobile includes two pairs of hydrogen storage cells. Each cell includes a hydride-forming material, which absorbs hydrogen while generating heat, and releases hydrogen while absorbing heat. One pair of cells operates as an air conditioner, absorbing heat from the interior of the automobile and discharging heat to the outside. The other pair of cells, is regenerated by supplying heat from the engine exhaust to one of the cells, while allowing heat generated at the other cell of the pair to be discharged to the outside. After a given pair of cells has been regenerated, the cells are cooled to approach the temperature at which they will again operate as an air conditioner. A system of valves is arranged to provide four distinct stage. In Stage 1, the first cell pair is an air conditioner while the second cell pair is being regenerated. In Stage 2, the second cell pair is cooled. In Stage 3, the second cell pair is an air conditioner while the first cell pair is being regenerated.

Abstract: A method for converting a barrel type unit into an assembly for holding chilled products, particularly, barrel units having an upper annular portion of a smaller circumference as compared to other annular portions thereof, the barrel unit also including top and bottom end closure walls, the method including supplying a kit of separate components including a tub member for holding ice and product positioned therein, and a sizing device for determining the proper location for severing the barrel side wall, the tub member having an annular support flange associated with the upper portion thereof for cooperatively engaging with a peripheral edge portion of the barrel unit when the barrel unit is severed at a particular location therearound, the sizing device enabling a user to locate the particular location on the barrel side wall at which to sever the same such that the annular edge resulting therefrom will be compatible with the annular support flange associated with the tub member.

Abstract: A regenerative adsorbent heat pump process and system is provided which can regenerate a high percentage of the sensible heat of the system and at least a portion of the heat of adsorption. A series of at least four compressors containing an adsorbent is provided. A large amount of heat is transferred from compressor to compressor so that heat is regenerated. The process and system are useful for air conditioning rooms, providing room heat in the winter or for hot water heating throughout the year, and, in general, for pumping heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.

Abstract: A regenerative hydride heat pump process and system is provided which can regenerate a high percentage of the sensible heat of the system. A series of at least four canisters containing a lower temperature performing hydride and a series of at least four canisters containing a higher temperature performing hydride is provided. Each canister contains a heat conductive passageway through which a heat transfer fluid is circulated so that sensible heat is regenerated. The process and system are useful for air conditioning rooms, providing room heat in the winter or for hot water heating throughout the year, and, in general, for pumping heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for compressing hydrogen gas includes a hydrogen source, a hydrogen receiver, and a pair of hydride reservoirs. Each of the hydride reservoirs is capable of reacting with hydrogen gas therein and includes a jacket for the receipt of a heating and cooling medium therein. Each of the hydride reservoirs selectively receives the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen source and discharges the hydrogen gas to the hydrogen receiver. A heat pump means is operably connected to each of the hydride reservoirs by way of the heating and cooling medium for selectively cooling one of the hydride reservoirs while heating the other hydride reservoir and heating the one hydride reservoir while cooling the other hydride reservoir. There is also included a method of compressing hydrogen gas by using at least one hydride reservoir and a heat pump for transferring heat thereto and therefrom.

Abstract: A chilled beverage display bin for containing and displaying iced beverage products. The bin comprises a stand and a bucket or beverage display container contained internally of the stand. A translucent or transparent drainage hose is connected to the bottom of the bucket and extends through the stand into a channel formed on the exterior of the stand such that the hose functions as a telltale of the level of liquid in the container, and when removed from the channel, facilitates drainage of liquid from the container without the need for a flow control valve.

Abstract: Increasing the surface acidity of active carbons can lead to an increase in capacity for hydrogen adsorption. Increasing the surface basicity can facilitate methane adsorption. The treatment of carbons is most effective when the carbon source material is selected to have a low ash content i.e., below about 3%, and where the ash consists predominantly of alkali metals alkali earth, with only minimal amounts of transition metals and silicon. The carbon is washed in water or acid and then oxidized, e.g. in a stream of oxygen and an inert gas at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: An air conditioner for an automobile includes two pairs of hydrogen storage cells. Each cell includes a hydride-forming material, which absorbs hydrogen while generating heat, and releases hydrogen while absorbing heat. One pair of cells operates as an air conditioner, absorbing heat from the interior of the automobile and discharging heat to the outside. The other pair of cells is regenerated by supplying heat from the engine exhaust to one of the cells, while allowing heat generated at the other cell of the pair to be discharged to the outside. A system of valves is arranged such that one cell pair is always functioning as an air conditioner while the other cell pair is being regenerated.

Abstract: A heat pump utilizing beds of hydride forming materials for absorption and desorption of hydrogen as a working fluid in a sealed system. A bed structure including alternate layers of heat conducting discs and powdered hydride former is disclosed, and the incorporation of the beds into a liquid type heat exchanger-reaction vessel is also set forth.

Abstract: A container assembly for storing and displaying chilled products such as bottled or canned soft drink beverages and the like comprising a body member, a floor member positioned adjacent the lower end portion of the body member, a tub member adapted to hold products positioned therein located adjacent the upper end portion of the body member, a drain tank assembly positioned intermediate the floor member and the tub member, and a plurality of bracket members attached to the inner wall surface of the body member, each of the bracket members including a plurality of spaced shoulder surfaces adapted for positioning and supporting the floor member, and/or the tub member, and/or the drain tank assembly.