Abstract: The ice maker for refrigerator and driving method thereof disclosed herein have advantages over a full ice level detection method using mechanical device in that an ice height can be more accurately detected by a detection signal reflected from ice, wherein an ultrasonic signal is transmitted to the ice to sense the height of ice in the ice storage bin using the reflected ultrasonic signal, enabling to precisely detect the ice height, prevent the overflow of ice, prolong the life and prevent the failure of the ice maker for refrigerator.

Abstract: A food storing apparatus dispenses a content stored in the apparatus. The food storing apparatus includes a button tray that functions as a switch to control dispensing of different contents in accordance with different moved positions of the button tray, but also functions as a tray to receive a residual content discharged after dispensing the content.

Abstract: A container for storing a biopharmaceutical drug product is disclosed. The container includes two surface area planar walls. A plurality of smaller side walls circumscribing each of the planar walls. A method of freezing at least one biopharmaceutical product in the container is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for dispensing a beverage, the beverage comprising a liquid-beverage portion and a frozen-beverage portion. The apparatus comprises means for dispensing into a receptacle the liquid beverage portion, means (102) for freezing a portion of beverage so as to provide the frozen beverage portion and means (104, 104? for dispensing the frozen-beverage portion into the receptacle. The present apparatus also provides a method for dispensing a frozen beverage portion by providing one or more cooling chambers (102) cooled by cooling means, supplying at least one of the cooling chambers with a portion of beverage, freezing the portion of beverage to provide at least one beverage frozen-beverage portion and ejecting one frozen beverage portion from its cooling chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus facilitate lowering the temperature of a cooling module positioned in heat exchange relation to a loaded container to be maintained at a low temperature. The module establishes convective air flow in heat exchange relation to the load without the use of forced air circulation. The module is self-contained and externally accessible to supply water and liquid CO2 to the module interior. Expansion and change in state of the liquid CO2 lowers the temperature of a water ice and CO2 snow mixture in the module. By continuing inflow of CO2 after terminating inflow of water, the mixture can be cooled from about ?76° F. to about ?117° F. Convective air flow in heat exchange relation to the module walls circulates cooling air, thereby eliminating any direct contact of products with the liquid CO2 or CO2 snow formed by the expanding refrigerant.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a sensing system for detecting a level and quality of ice cubes in an ice cube storage bin. The sensing system employs a digital image capture device that is coupled to a digital image analyzing system which scans digital images of the ice cube storage bin captured by the digital image capture device to determine a level of ice cubes in the ice cube storage bin. Digital images of the ice cubes are contrasted against a reference image which provides a point of comparison for determining the level of ice cubes in the ice cube storage bin and controlling ice production cycles of the ice maker. The sensing system also analyzes edge portions of the ice cubes to determine ice cube quality.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for making and sensing ice. Also, apparatus and methods for sensing the change of phase of a substance. In one embodiment, a fringe-effect capacitor is placed proximate to a substance, such as water, which is undergoing a phase change, such as the change of phase from the liquid state to the solid state. During this change, the dielectric constant of the substance changes, and thereby changes the electrical flux between conductors of the fringe-effect capacitor. Also, apparatus and methods as described above, and using a capacitor but not a fringe-effect capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a refrigerator including a device to restrain the freezing of liquid-phase beverages, thereby stably maintaining the supercooled state of the liquid-phase beverages. The refrigerator includes a main body, a supercooling chamber disposed in the main body such that cool air is supplied to the supercooling chamber, a microwave generator to oscillate microwaves to the supercooling chamber, and a control unit to control the magnitude of the microwaves oscillated from the microwave generator. The present invention has the effect of restraining the freezing of the liquid-phase beverages, thereby stably maintaining the supercooled state of the liquid-phase beverages, and therefore, increasing the supercooled degree of the liquid-phase beverages.

Abstract: According to one aspect, there is provided a refrigerator including a refrigerating chamber formed at a relatively upper portion of a refrigerator body and a freezing chamber formed at a relatively lower portion of the refrigerator body, which comprises an ice-making chamber which is partitioned in the refrigerating chamber by insulating walls and includes an icemaker for making ice and an ice storage for storing the ice made in the icemaker. The temperature in the refrigerating chamber can be accurately controlled, the loss of cold air can be minimized and the structures for supplying water into the icemaker and the dispenser can be simplified.

Abstract: The present invention provides a freezer capable of preventing/restraining quality of foods from being deteriorated, freezing method, and frozen objects manufactured using the freezer and freezing method. The freezer 10 comprises a freezer main body 101, a cluster fragmenting device 1A for fragmenting water clusters contained in the objects 5, a loading part 7 for loading the objects 5, a heat exchanger 8 and a cold gas supply device. The cold gas supply device comprises a dehumidifying device 11 for dehumidifying a cold gas heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 8, and a fan 9 for-circulating dehumidified cold gas to maintain the inside of the freezer 101 in a dry state. Further, the cluster fragmenting device 1A includes plural magnetic field generating devices 2 that imparts magnetic fields to the objects 5 containing water and changes the strength of magnetic fields with time elapsed.

Abstract: A method for increasing the ability of a water surface to cool and freeze is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate surface adapted to support a layer of ice, and providing a water-impermeable flexible sheet on top of the substrate surface which supports the flexible sheet, the sheet including at least first, second and third layers. The first layer includes a heat reflective coating for reflecting heat transmitted from the substrate back into the substrate, a second or middle layer which may be an insulative layer, and a third or uppermost layer including a non-reflective coating to reduce heat absorption, and providing a layer of water or ice on top of the water-impermeable flexible sheet whereby the flexible sheet enhances or lowers the temperature of the water on the surface by reducing the temperature transmission through the substrate surface and the upper surface or layer providing non-reflective properties to reduce heat transmission therethrough.

Abstract: An ice-making machine that includes an evaporator and a simple control system, with a single switch, that initiates a harvest cycle by determining a flow rate of water out of the evaporator. The evaporator is a coiled in a flat, space-saving spiral.

Abstract: An ice-dispenser assembly for a refrigerator includes a crusher, an auger, a motor configured to drive the auger, and a sorting device operatively coupled to the auger. The sorting device is configured to deliver ice to the crusher when rotated in a first direction and have ice bypass the crusher when rotated in the opposite direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ice maker and a method for making ice, and more particularly, to an ice maker provided in a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator and an ice making method. According to an ice maker and an ice making method, there is no need for forming an additional duct to supply cold air to the ice maker in order to make ice, whereby it is possible to simplify a manufacturing process of a refrigerator and to reduce manufacturing costs of a refrigerator. In addition, since a portion of refrigerant used in a refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator is used for making ice, no additional energy is required for making ice, thereby reducing energy consumption.

Abstract: A refrigerated appliance includes a cabinet including a drawer and a refrigeration system having at least a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. An icemaker unit is mounted in the drawer and includes a housing and an ice cube mold. The evaporator includes a coil mounted below the housing proximate to the ice cube mold. A mounting plate is attached to the housing with the evaporator coil sandwiched therebetween. With this arrangement, the evaporator coil is selectively operated to provide freezing temperatures to form ice cubes in the ice cube mold and establish refrigerated temperatures in the refrigerated compartment. That is, the refrigeration system is selectively operated to chill the evaporator in both an ice production mode and a refrigeration mode.

Abstract: A refrigerated appliance includes a cabinet including a drawer and a refrigeration system having at least a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. An icemaker unit is mounted in the drawer and includes a housing and an ice cube mold. The evaporator includes a coil mounted below the housing proximate to the ice cube mold. A mounting plate is attached to the housing with the evaporator coil sandwiched therebetween. With this arrangement, the evaporator coil is selectively operated to provide freezing temperatures to form ice cubes in the ice cube mold and establish refrigerated temperatures in the refrigerated compartment. That is, the refrigeration system is selectively operated to chill the evaporator in both an ice production mode and a refrigeration mode.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a method of making shaved ice by controlling a period during which ice is fed into an ice-shaving compartment, thereby preventing ice from overflowing the ice-shaving compartment and preventing the ice-shaving compartment from being broken due to an excessive amount of ice. The method of making shaved ice comprises feeding cubed ice stored in an ice-storing unit mounted in a freezing compartment to a shaved ice-making unit mounted at a discharge port side of the ice-storing unit though an ice-feeding unit to make shaved ice, setting a driving time for the shaved ice-making unit, and setting a driving time for the ice-feeding unit. The driving time for the shaved ice-making unit is longer than the driving time for the ice-feeding unit.

Abstract: An ice making device may include an ice tray, a raking member disposed on an upper side of the ice tray for raking out ice pieces from the ice tray, a water-supply port disposed on a side of the ice tray for supplying water to the ice tray, and a drive control part for driving the raking member and for controlling supply of water from the water-supply port to the ice tray. The raking member is provided with a plurality of raking parts which are protruded sideward from the rotation shaft for raking out the ice pieces from the respective recessed parts for ice making, and the drive control part supplies water from the water-supply port to the ice tray at a time when the raking parts are located to be apart from the water-supply port. Preferably, the drive control part supplies water when the raking parts are located on an opposite side to the water-supply port with respect to the rotation shaft.

Abstract: An ice maker and ice bin are provided on the inside of a freezer door of a refrigerator. The ice maker is compact, and the bin is removably mounted to the door. Ice is made by the ice maker on the door, and discharged into the ice bin, which then feeds the ice to an ice dispenser when the dispenser is actuated by a person.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing system is characterized by an ice/beverage dispenser and a remote beverage tower. The dispenser has a cold plate, a carbonator pump and a carbonator tank and the tower has a carbonator tank. To chill the tower carbonator tank, a closed loop fluid circuit extends between and heat exchange couples the dispenser cold plate and the tower carbonator tank. The dispenser carbonator pump can be used to circulate water through the closed loop circuit or a carbonator pump for the tower can be used for the purpose. A valve arrangement is provided for and as part of the dispenser cold plate to conveniently enable the dispenser to be switched between stand-alone operation and operation as a base unit for the remote tower. Arrangement is also made to cause ice agitation at the dispenser in response to drinks dispense at the remote tower to maintain a supply on the cold plate.

Abstract: A refrigerator having an ice making device. The refrigerator includes a body having a refrigerating compartment, a freezing compartment, and an ice making compartment, an ice making device arranged in the ice making compartment, to produce and store ice, an outlet formed through the ice making compartment, to introduce cold air into the ice making compartment, and at least one inlet formed through the ice making compartment, to discharge the cold air from the ice making compartment. The outlet is arranged at a rear side of the ice making compartment, and the inlet is arranged at a front side of the ice making compartment, so that it is possible to achieve a smooth circulation of cold air in the ice making compartment.

Abstract: A method of controlling a refrigerator having a shaved ice discharger to discharge shaved ice produced within the refrigerator to the outside. The refrigerator includes a shaved-ice maker equipped within a freezing compartment to produce shaved ice, a shaved ice discharge port to discharge the shaved ice produced by the shaved-ice maker to the outside through the freezing compartment door, and a shaved ice discharger connected with the shaved ice discharge port to discharge the shaved ice produced by the shaved-ice maker to the outside of the refrigerator. Since the refrigerator is controlled to maintain the open state of the shaved ice discharge port during a predetermined shaved ice discharging time set corresponding to a selected amount of the shaved ice, it is not necessary to continuously apply external force to the lever, thereby improving convenience in use of the shaved-ice maker.

Abstract: A method and device for cooling drinks using ice cubes made from that kind of drink. Packaging, storing and marketing those ice cubes both in their liquid state and after they have been frozen. Marketing the ice cubes together with the drink of its own kind or as a separate entity. Making the said ice cubes using ice cube machines.

Abstract: A ground freezing method and apparatus compensates for geothermal gradients by supplying more refrigerant to deeper parts of the earth. One or more metal freeze pipes are installed in a bore and equipped with one or more feed pipes. The feed pipes extend to different depths with the longer feed pipes being larger to supply more refrigerant to greater depths and achieve uniform top to bottom ground freezing despite the effects of geothermal gradients.

Abstract: An apparatus for freezing a biological sample having a frame, an enclosure adapted to conduct a cryogenic fluid therethrough, and a block in the enclosure such that the block is cooled to a temperature capable of freezing the sample. A force generating device is mounted on the frame generally above the enclosure. A sample holder is removably attached to the force generating device having a cavity at its free end for receiving a sample to be frozen. The force generating device, sample holder, and block are constructed to compress the sample between the block and the sample holder such that the holder penetrates the surface of the block and effectively seals the sample during compression.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for gelling liquid propane and other liquefied gasses. The apparatus includes a temperature controlled churn mixer, vacuum pump, liquefied gas transfer tank, and means for measuring amount of material entering the mixer. The method uses gelling agents such as silicon dioxide, clay, carbon, or organic or inorganic polymers, as well as dopants such as titanium, aluminum, and boron powders. The apparatus and method are particularly useful for the production of high quality rocket fuels and propellants.

Abstract: A device for forming ice around an exterior surface of a container has an upper piece. The upper piece is an elongated tubular member having a hollow interior section and an open bottom and top end. A gasket assembly is coupled to an upper interior section of the upper piece. The gasket assembly creates a seal around a neck of the container to prevent water from rising above the neck of the container. A lower piece is provided and has an open top end and an opening formed in the bottom surface thereof. The open bottom end of the upper piece will mate with the open top end of the lower piece to form a watertight seal. A raised floor is formed in a bottom interior section of the lower piece. The raised floor allows water to collect and freeze underneath the bottom of the container. A cap is provided to close the opening in the bottom surface of the lower piece.

Abstract: An dispensing system suitable for lifting and dispensing ice through the refrigerator compartment door of a bottom-mount refrigerator or lifting and dispensing ice from an undercounter ice maker to a dispenser on the countertop.

Abstract: An ice cube maker has an ice tray, a thermoelectric cooling chip, a heat sink and a fan sequentially mounted together. The ice tray has a top surface and multiple recesses formed in the top surface. When liquid is placed in the recesses in the ice tray, the thermoelectric cooling chip freezes the liquid and forms ice cubes. The ice cube maker allows people who do have a refrigerator to make ice cubes. The ice cubes do not have any strange smell.

Abstract: System and method for lyophilization or freeze-drying is provided. During the freezing step, the material or solution to be frozen is initially brought to a temperature near or below its freezing temperature after which the pressure in the freeze-dryer chamber is reduced to induce nucleation of the material.

Abstract: Methods of inducing nucleation of a material is provided. The disclosed methods comprise the steps of bringing the material to a temperature near or below a phase transition temperature and altering the pressure to induce nucleation of the material. The disclosed methods are useful in freeze-drying processes, particularly pharmaceutical freeze-drying processes.

Abstract: A metallic, reusable mold with one or more wells. The mold is kept within a cryostat at low temperature. The mold is removed from the cryostat and a tissue specimen is placed into a well within the mold. An embedding medium is added to the well around the tissue specimen. A pre-chilled chuck is then placed against the well opening. The mold with tissue specimen, embedding medium and chuck are returned to the cryostat and the specimen is frozen into a block. The mold and contents are removed and hot water poured against the mold releasing the block with attached chuck from the well. The chuck with attached block is then available for sectioning or other processing.

Abstract: An ice-making machine and method of maintaining and cleaning an ice-making machine are provided. The ice-making machine has predictive maintenance and cleaning. Operational conditions of the ice-making machine, such as, for example, water quality, are used to establish service intervals and/or types of service, and the service intervals and/or types of service are indicated to the user with a lead-time to allow for timely obtaining the service.

Abstract: Multiple ice making is determined according to a time needed for an ice making step or a change in time in which a refrigerant temperature drops. An ice making machine alternately repeats an ice making step of cooling ice making plates 10 and 10 where an evaporation pipe 14 connected to a refrigeration system 12 by circulatively supplying a refrigerant to the evaporation pipe 14, and producing lumps of ice M by circulatively supplying ice making water in an ice-making-water tank 22, and a deicing step of separating the lumps of ice M produced at the ice making plates 10 and 10. When the ice making step at which the time needed from the start of the ice making step to the end thereof becomes shorter than a normal ice making time is consecutively detected by a predetermined number of times, it is decided that multiple ice making has occurred and the ice making machine is stopped.

Abstract: An ice and water dispenser for a bottom freezer refrigerator positioned on a refrigerator compartment door. The ice maker and ice cube storage bin can have below 0° C. air provided to maintain the ice maker and ice cube storage bin below 0° C. Supply and return ducts can convey below 0° C. air to the ice maker and ice cube storage bin. The supply and return ducts can lead from the bottom freezer compartment or from an evaporator compartment. The ice maker and ice cube storage bin can be located in insulated sub-compartment to allow normal refrigerator compartment temperatures to be maintained in the above freezing refrigerator compartment.

Abstract: A system for delivering water to a water dispenser or an icemaker of a refrigerator includes at least one anti-kink device employed in routing a water line. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the anti-kink device is attached to a support bracket for a valve of the water delivery system and aids in routing the water line adjacent an attachment of the water line to the valve. In addition to preventing kinking, the anti-kink device ensures proper water line/valve alignment to prevent side loading of the water line.

Abstract: A system for controlled freezing, storing and thawing of a biopharmaceutical material includes a cavity for receiving a container for holding the biopharmaceutical material. Further included are at least a pair of opposed surfaces facing the biopharmaceutical material holding container. At least one of the opposed surfaces includes a moveable contacting surface configured to contact the container to inhibit a clearance between the container and the movable contacting surface. Also included is at least one heat transfer surface which is thermally coupled to the biopharmaceutical material holding container when the moveable contacting surface contacts the container. Also, the cavity may be configured to receive a frame for supporting the container holding the biopharmaceutical material. Further, the system may include a driver to move the frame holding the container inside the cavity.

Abstract: An ice dispensing system is provided for a refrigerator having a bottom freezer. The system includes an ice maker in the freezer compartment and an ice bucket in the refrigerator compartment. A shuttle carries ice from the ice maker to the bucket through a tube extending upwardly through the dividing wall between the freezer and refrigerator compartments. The bucket includes an auger in communication with an ice dispensing opening in the refrigerator door for ice on demand by a user. The shuttle is raised and lowered by a motor-driven cable.

Abstract: A high throughput, short batch cycle commercial ice making machine produces salt containing, milk containing or beverage containing commercial ice, which resists melting in convenient sizes for mobile food carts, market produce, or fish displays. The machine introduces super-cooled liquid, that is in a liquid state while exposed to a temperature below freezing, into a batch of pre-formed hollow molds of one or more horizontally oriented ice forming freezing trays oriented horizontally. Using vapor compression refrigeration, the machine produces a plurality of supercooled ice segments in pockets within the freezing tray. The supercooled ice segments are rapidly subjected to a short, temporary contact with a high heat source from a sleeve integral with the freezing tray compartments, along a peripheral bottom surface of the ice segment accommodating freezing tray molds. This temporarily melts a bottom surface of each ice segment, lubricating it and loosening it.

Abstract: An ice hockey arena having an ice rink surrounded by tiers of spectator seats, wherein said ice rink has a playing surface above a first concrete base having a first width and a first length, a first series of cooling pipes within said first base and an insulation layer between said first base and the ground, the improvement comprising a second concrete base having a second width and a second length above said first base wherein said second width is greater than said first width; and a second series of cooling pipes within said second base. The method allows for the enlargement of a standard NHL ice playing surface to International Ice Hockey Federation width playing surface in a cost-effective manner while maintaining acceptable spectator sight lines.

Abstract: A beverage dispenser is provided that stores ice and has a cold plate. The cold plate is provided with refrigerant and/or ice water drainage for cooling of the beverage upon dispensing.

Abstract: A device and process for adjustably controlling the dimensions of an extruded food product cast into a sheet using, for example, a pressure manifold mounted on a casting belt, or a chill roll/gauge roller combination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a phenothiazine granulate with a narrow particle size distribution. At least 98% pure phenothiazine in liquid form is pressed through a device provided with boreholes and a frequency is applied to said liquid phenothiazine. The liquid phenothiazine discharged through the boreholes enters a cooling medium having a temperature of between ?196 and +120° C. The drops of liquid phenothiazine thus produced are brought to a temperature below melting point and are optionally solidified in another post-cooling area. Optionally, fine-grain particles or coarse-grained particles thus formed can be subsequently removed by appropriate methods. The bulk density of the obtained phenothiazine granulates ranges more particularly from 720–780 kg/m3.

Abstract: The icemaker presented here may use a microcontroller, and solid state refrigeration and heat transfer elements to create ice cube qualities ranging from “clear ice” to “fast ice” in a smooth, user selectable continuum. In one embodiment, this may be accomplished by fitting a standard, high production volume icemaker mold with (1) thermoelectric coolers operated in a controlled fashion to heat or cool the mold, (2) a mold temperature sensor (such as a thermistor), and (3) a microcontroller to monitor the process and to adjust the growth rate of ice forming in the mold by adjusting heat transfer rates to optimize particular cooling phases.

Abstract: A system for controlled freezing, storing and thawing of a biopharmaceutical material includes a cavity for receiving a container for holding the biopharmaceutical material. Further included are at least a pair of opposed surfaces facing the biopharmaceutical material holding container. At least one of the opposed surfaces includes a moveable contacting surface configured to contact the container to inhibit a clearance between the container and the movable contacting surface. Also included is at least one heat transfer surface which is thermally coupled to the biopharmaceutical material holding container when the moveable contacting surface contacts the container. Also, the cavity may be configured to receive a frame for supporting the container holding the biopharmaceutical material. Further, the system may include a driver to move the frame holding the container inside the cavity.

Abstract: An ice cream machine for cooling liquid ice cream into frozen ice cream includes an evaporator having a cylindrical cooling tank and an auxiliary tank. The auxiliary tank ensures that the cylindrical cooling tank is flooded with liquid refrigerant during normal operation. The flooding of the cylindrical cooling tank provides more efficient and even cooling in an interior cooling chamber. The more efficient cooling allows the ice cream machine to utilize a smaller compressor, thereby reducing the cost and energy consumption of the ice cream machine. The auxiliary tank can be a coil of tubing or a cylindrical container positioned above the cylindrical cooling tank.

Abstract: A method for producing a desired amount of ice crystal formation in a beverage comprising the steps of cooling said beverage to a temperature below its ordinary freezing temperature at atmospheric pressure to form a cooled beverage; maintaining said beverage at a pressure sufficient to inhibit freezing of said beverage; dispensing said cooled beverage into a vessel; obtaining a cooled surface, having a temperature sufficiently low to cause flash freezing of a portion of said cooled beverage which comes into contact therewith; and presenting said cooled surface to said beverage for a time sufficient to form a desired amount of said ice crystals in said beverage. An apparatus is provided for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A thermal treatment system for thermally treating a sterile medium is controlled via a foot actuated switch to thermally treat the sterile medium to a desired temperature and/or form (e.g., slush). The thermal treatment system includes a basin recessed in a system top surface, while a surgical sterile drape is placed over the system and within the basin to form a drape container for containing the sterile medium. The basin may be configured to cool the sterile medium and form sterile surgical slush, or heat the sterile medium to provide warm sterile liquid. A dislodgment mechanism may be employed within a cooling basin to manipulate the drape and dislodge frozen pieces of sterile medium adhered to the drape. Information pertaining to the sterile medium and system operation may be displayed on a system display that has dimensions sufficient to provide visibility of the information to users located within extended ranges from the system.

Abstract: The ice making system by supercooling release comprises an ice thermal storage tank, a residual supercooled water generating section, and a complete releasing section. The complete releasing section and ice thermal storage tank are connected with an ice water line. Further, the ice thermal storage tank and residual supercooled water generating section are connected with a water line. The residual supercooled water generating section is supplied with water from the ice thermal storage tank to generate supercooled water, which is released from the supercooled state, ice and residual supercooled water being produced thereby. The residual supercooled water is completely released from supercooled state in the complete releasing section.

Abstract: A method for producing a desired amount of ice crystal formation in a beverage comprising the steps of cooling said beverage to a temperature below its ordinary freezing temperature at atmospheric pressure to form a cooled beverage; maintaining said beverage at a pressure sufficient to inhibit freezing of said beverage; dispensing said cooled beverage into a vessel; obtaining a cooled surface, having a temperature sufficiently low to cause flash freezing of a portion of said cooled beverage which comes into contact therewith; and presenting said cooled surface to said beverage for a time sufficient to form a desired amount of said ice crystals in said beverage. An apparatus is provided for carrying out the method.