Abstract: A machine for producing frozen comestibles having a control system based on one or more operational characteristics, including product characteristics, to control the consistency and quality of the comestible, and to extend the useful lifespans of its components.

Abstract: A system for dispensing a frozen beverage. The system includes a barrel having an inner wall and being configured to retain the frozen beverage therein. A mixing system causes mixing of the frozen beverage within the barrel. A cooling system cools the frozen beverage from radially outwardly of the inner wall. A melting system heats the frozen beverage from radially inwardly of the inner wall. The mixing system causes relatively larger ice crystals to move inwardly from the inner wall, and the melting system reduces a size of the relatively larger ice crystals.

Abstract: A rapid cooling system for processing food is disclosed which includes a heat exchanger adapted to receive a first coolant (Coolant-I) at a first temperature and eject Coolant-I at a second temperature, a cooling chamber disposed within the heat exchanger in thermal communication with the heat exchanger, the cooling chamber includes a first inlet adapted to receive a product at an elevated temperature (T1), a second inlet adapted to receive a second coolant (Coolant-II) at a low temperature (T2), and an outlet adapted to release a combination of the product and Coolant-II at a low temperature (Tout) and pressure (Pout), wherein cooling of the product from T1 to Tout does not cause a phase change in the product.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of frozen gas hydrates, the process comprising passing a liquid aqueous phase over a heat exchanger surface under an atmosphere of a pressurised water-soluble gas, characterised in that the conditions of the process are selected to ensure that there is simultaneous dissolution of the pressurised gas into the liquid aqueous phase, and the formation of a solidified continuous phase from solidification of the liquid aqueous phase in contact with the heat exchanger surface.

Abstract: For producing an aerated confectionery mass, a raw confectionery mass is fed at a feed rate from a supply to an aeration unit for introducing gas into the confectionery mass and wherein the aerated confectionery mass is fed to a production line for the production of confectionery or tablets. The feed rate of the raw confectionery mass is controlled such that it corresponds to the demand of the production line, the amount of introduced gas is controlled in response to the feed rate of the confectionery mass so that the aeration level of the confectionery mass remains substantially constant and the temperature of the aeration mass within the aeration unit is controlled such that it remains substantially constant and independent from the feed rate.

Abstract: A movement device, in particular for fluid or pasty products, including: a helical element (2), arranged with a helical development about a longitudinal axis (x) thereof and being predisposed to rotate concentrically externally of a cooling element (100) in such a way as to push a fluid product in advancement along the longitudinal axis (x); a first connecting element (3), predisposed to reciprocally connect and maintain the turns of the helical element (2) distant from one another; a hub (4), predisposed to enable connecting the helical element (2) to a rotating element (110) predisposed to activate the helical element (2) in rotation about the longitudinal axis (x) thereof; at least one scraper element (5, 7, 8, 9) predisposed to drag contactingly on an external surface of the cooling element (100) such as to remove accumulations and/or residues of material from the external surface.

Abstract: A movement device, in particular for fluid or pasty products, including: a helical element (2), arranged with helical development about a longitudinal axis (x) thereof and being predisposed to rotate concentrically externally of a cooling element (100) in such a way as to push a fluid product in advancement along the longitudinal axis (x); a first connecting element (3), predisposed to reciprocally connect and maintain the turns of the helical element (2) distant from one another; a hub (4), predisposed to enable connecting the helical element (2) to a rotating element (110) predisposed to activate the helical element (2) in rotation about the longitudinal axis (x) thereof; a first frontal blade (10), arranged downstream of the helical element (2), conformed such as to push a fluid product in advancement along the longitudinal axis (x) downstream of the helical element (2).

Abstract: For producing an aerated confectionery mass, a raw confectionery mass is fed at a feed rate from a supply to an aeration unit for introducing gas into the confectionery mass and wherein the aerated confectionery mass is fed to a production line for the production of confectionery or tablets. The feed rate of the raw confectionery mass is controlled such that it corresponds to the demand of the production line, the amount of introduced gas is controlled in response to the feed rate of the confectionery mass so that the aeration level of the confectionery mass remains substantially constant and the temperature of the aeration mass within the aeration unit is controlled such that it remains substantially constant and independent from the feed rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling containers includes a cooling chamber having a side wall with a circular interior surface defining a cylindrical interior chamber cavity. The interior chamber cavity has a diameter and length sufficient to receive the container therein, and an open top permitting insertion of the container and egress of the fluid. At least one fluid inlet is positioned so as to inject a cooling fluid tangential to the circular side wall. At least one fluid outlet is provided for removing the cooling fluid from the cooling chamber. A method for cooling containers is also disclosed.

Abstract: The injection device according to the invention, intended to be attached to the wall of the bottom of a container containing a product to be cooled in bulk, includes a hollow cylindrical body in which a valve forced by a spring is inserted, a throughchannel appreciably parallel to said valve intended to be fed by pressurized cryogenic fluid, one end of said through-channel being connected to the cryogenic fluid feed system and the opposite end opening into the seat of the valve.

Abstract: A liquid additive is sprayed over liquid nitrogen to form discrete solid particles of the additive in liquid nitrogen. The mixture of additive particles and liquid nitrogen is mixed with a flow of liquid nitrogen at an eductor pump to provide a food treatment composition comprising additive particles. The food treatment composition flows into an interior of food processing equipment to come into contact with food items contained therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for making and dispensing frozen aerated products includes a rotating horizontal freeze plate with an upper surface for receiving a chilled aerated mix. The chilled aerated mix includes, in one embodiment, a base that has been sufficiently aerated, and at least one flavor. The horizontal freeze plate rotates about its central axis. The apparatus also includes a spreader body for distributing the chilled aerated mix on the rotating freeze plate. The spreader body extends radially across at least a portion of the upper surface of the freeze plate. The apparatus further includes a scraper for scraping frozen aerated mix off of the rotating freeze plate. The scraper includes a scraper blade with a leading edge that extends radially across the portion of the freeze plate and that engages the upper surface of the freeze plate. The scraper blade is directed opposite the direction of rotation of the freeze plate.

Abstract: A process control scheme for use with an extruding apparatus for cooling and heating aerated or compressible compounds that are edible. Broadly, the process includes providing a mixture to an inlet of the extruding apparatus, monitoring the pressure profile across the extruding apparatus, moving the mixture through the extruding apparatus with at least one auger while subjecting the mixture to a thermo-dynamic process, automatically altering speed of the at least one auger if the pressure profile across the extruding apparatus is outside a predetermined range, and moving the mixture through an outlet of the extruding apparatus. The process may also include monitoring temperature of a thermodynamic liquid, monitoring the load of an auger motor, and automatically altering the temperature of the thermodynamic liquid and the load of the auger motor if one of either the temperature of the thermodynamic liquid and the load of the auger motor is outside a predetermined range.

Abstract: Ski run provided with a means for preserving snow on the skiing surface, said means comprising at least pipes suitable for the flow of a cooling agent for cooling the snow present on the skiing surface, said pipes (1) being embedded and located in a layer (5) enabling, when the layer (5) has a temperature of at least 2° C., a water percolation through the layer (5). Below the layer (5), a draining system (6,7) is placed for collecting and draining at least substantially all the water percolating through the layer (5) in which the pipes (1) are embedded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for the production of microparticles and nanoparticles of materials that can be dissolved. The system and method of the present invention provide quicker freezing times, which in turn produces a more uniform distribution of particle sizes, smaller particles, particles with increased porosity and a more intimate mixing of the particle components. The system and method of the present invention also produce particles with greater surface area than conventional methods. One form of the present invention provides a method for the preparation of particles. An effective ingredient is mixed with water, one or more solvents, or a combination thereof, and the resulting mixture is sprayed through an insulating nozzle located at or below the level of a cryogenic liquid. The spray generates frozen particles.

Abstract: A dispenser for soft-drinks and ice has an integral ice maker. The compressor and condenser for the ice making refrigeration system are located remotely from the ice making apparatus. Thus, the dispenser with an integral ice maker does not emit noise and heat from the compressor and condenser in the customer service areas where ice and soft drinks are dispensed. Refrigerant vapor is drawn from a receiver and is used for defrosting in the harvest portion of the ice making cycle. The dispenser also has an internal heat exchanger for cooling carbonated water and syrup prior to dispensing a soft drink. There is also an ice maker and dispenser, having a refrigeration system in which ice-making components and an ice dispenser are located near a customer-service area, while the hot and noisy refrigeration components are located remotely.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for freezing supercooled water, which method includes the steps of (1-1) filling said supercooled water in a sealed container, reducing pressure of said supercooled water to generate bubbles from the supercooled water, mixing said generated bubbles in the supercooled water, or (1-2) filling said supercooled water in a sealed container with a bubble-mixing inlet, reducing pressure of the supercooled water to mix bubbles into the supercooled water from outside of the container through the bubble mixing inlet, or (1-3) filling said supercooled water in the sealed container with the bubble-mixing inlet, introducing bubbles into the supercooled water from outside the container through the bubble-mixing inlet under pressure, mixing the bubbles into the supercooled water, (2) simultaneously repeating expansion, compression, disruption, clustering and disappearance of the bubbles mixed into the supercooled water and (3) thereby freezing the supercooled water by vigorously oscillating gas-liquid

Abstract: A dispenser for soft-drinks and ice has an integral ice maker. The compressor and condenser for the ice making refrigeration system are located remotely from the ice making apparatus. Thus, the dispenser with an integral ice maker does not emit noise and heat from the compressor and condenser in the customer service areas where ice and soft drinks are dispensed. Refrigerant vapor is drawn from a receiver and is used for defrosting in the harvest portion of the ice making cycle. The dispenser also has an internal heat exchanger for cooling carbonated water and syrup prior to dispensing a soft drink. There is also an ice maker and dispenser, having a refrigeration system in which ice-making components and an ice dispenser are located near a customer-service area, while the hot and noisy refrigeration components are located remotely.

Abstract: A machine for producing and dispensing cold or iced beverages comprises a plurality of beverage-containing tanks (11). Each tank is provided with an evaporator (12) for a refrigerating circuit and a mixer (13). The evaporators are connected with one and the same compressor (15) by connection and controlled-shutoff valves (16). The machine comprises a control system (22) receiving information (23, 24) about the temperature and/or density of the beverage in each tank and sending enable or cut-off signals respectively to the valves (16), which signals are distributed cyclically and in time so as to have a sequential enable of the valves themselves. In each enable sequence each valve is enabled for a time which is a function of the difference between the temperature and/or density detected in the associated tank and the predetermined density and/or temperature to be reached in such a tank.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cold carbonation are provided in which a carbonator (13) having one or more segments is provided within a relatively horizontal cold plate (12). A sensor (14) is provided that can be accessed from a side of a dispenser (10).

Abstract: Molded ice confectionery articles are prepared by delivering a hard ice confectionery composition to a metering device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, keeping the composition in the device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and metering the composition from the composition from the device chamber under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure into a mold member positioned in an environment for freezing the composition metered into the mold member for obtaining a molded frozen article. So operating allows the composition delivered to the device chamber to have a percentage of frozen water to total water of at least 50%.

Abstract: A device for injecting a refrigerant into a product mixer comprising a pipe for injecting the refrigerant comprising (1) an injection nozzle designed to be connected to the mixer and (2) at least one region of reduced cross section suitable for creating an expansion in the fluid located upstream of the injection nozzle with respect to the direction of flow of the fluid in the pipe.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide precooling system, linked with a carbon dioxide source and with a carbonator, for aiding in carbonated water formation includes a carbon dioxide line linked with the carbon dioxide source at an inlet and with the carbonator at an outlet. As such, carbon dioxide travels from the carbon dioxide source, across the carbon dioxide line, and to the carbonator. The carbon dioxide precooling system includes a cooling device in cooperative engagement with the carbon dioxide line. The cooling device sufficiently cools the carbon dioxide within the carbon dioxide line prior to entering the carbonator thereby aiding in the formation of carbonated water within the carbonator.

Abstract: A method for preventing snow from melting and for packing a snow cover in an artificial ski facility, by injecting dry air or low-temperature air to permeate through a snow cover of an artificial ski facility. The entirety of the snow cover can be effectively cooled to reliably prevent snow from melting and to pack the snow cover as well. If high-temperature air is injected before the injection of the low-temperature air, the low-temperature air is permeated effectively and formation of frozen snow is prevented by the high-temperature air injected thereafter. In these methods, snow can be prevented from melting and the packing of the snow cover can be achieved more effectively, if the dry air, the low-temperature air, and the high-temperature air are injected from the bottom of the snow cover, through a header having a plurality of air injecting outlets. The header is preferably constructed in a tortuous or snake-shape or in a lattice, on a platform of the ski facility.

Abstract: Method and plant for cooling a food mass contained in a vessel are provided. The method includes, supplying a cryogenic liquid from a source and injecting the cryogenic liquid into the food mass through a bottom portion of the vessel. The pressure of the injected liquid is greater than 3 bar, and is preferably between 5 and 15 bar.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for effectively and safely using cryogenic liquid to cool a reactor vessel housing an exothermic reaction wherein the cryogenic liquid is subcooled, valved into the reactor in a downward direction, and shielded by annular coaxial shielding gas upon injection into the reactor.

Abstract: The proposed gas generator includes an isothermal vessel for a cryogenic liquid, the vessel being connected via an electrically controlled valve to a supercharging evaporator, a nozzle unit arranged in the upper part of the gasifier and connected by an electrically controlled valve to the lower part of the cryogenic liquid vessel, the gasifier being partially filled with a heat-accumulating substance and provided with a deflector situated above the nozzle unit and an electrically controlled sealing unit; in the lower part along the gasifier axis are provided a separator and a toroidal elastic casing attached to the bottom of the gasifier, the cavity of the casing communicating via the main pipe (provided with a pre-heating heat exchanger) with the upper part of the iso-thermal vessel, while the heat-accumulating substance is situated above the surface of the toroidal elastic casing, the electrically controlled sealing unit being situated at the separator outlet.

Abstract: A support arrangement for supporting a flexible, water-containing mold of intricate configuration in a tank having supporting sides and containing a chilled liquid, such that an item of crystal clear ice can be created in the flexible mold. The flexible mold has an upper, support portion and a lower, principal portion, and also has interior surfaces possessing a distinctive degree of roughness. The support arrangement involves elongate support means for operatively engaging the upper portion of the mold, with the elongate support means being of a length sufficient to span between the supporting sides of the tank such that the mold can be supported with a selected extent of the principal portion of the mold immersed below the surface of the chilled liquid. Circulation of the water in the mold is brought about so that the interior sides of the mold will be swept, thus preventing the formation of cloudy ice.

Abstract: In a method and a device for cooling and carbonating a liquid (20), carbon dioxide intended for carbonating is also used for cooling, the carbon dioxide being brought to expand in a room (4; 7) which is separate from the liquid (20) but which is thermally connected to the liquid. By the invention it is achieved that an ice bank is formed in the liquid in the area which is adjacent to said expansion room (4; 7) whereby is achieved i.a. better cooling control than in previously known devices where the carbon dioxide also is used for cooling.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for controlling the consistency and quality of a frozen carbonated beverage product made by mixing several ingredients including syrup, water and carbon dioxide in a mixing chamber of a frozen carbonated beverage machine. The apparatus includes a process flow block that controls the flow of the ingredients from ingredient supply sources to the mixing chamber. A pair of transducers are also provided for measuring the pressure of carbon dioxide being injected into the mixing chamber and the pressure of the product in the mixing chamber. A central processing unit communicates the measured pressures to an EPROM which employs an algorithm for determining a low set point pressure value and a high set point pressure value based upon the pressure of carbon dioxide being injected into the mixing chamber. A pair of solenoids are also provided which control the supply of the ingredients into the mixing chamber in response to command signals from the central processing unit.

Abstract: A cryoblasting process having a centrifugal accelerator for accelerating frozen pellets of argon or carbon dioxide toward a target area utilizes an accelerator throw wheel designed to induce, during operation, the creation of a low-friction gas bearing within internal passages of the wheel which would otherwise retard acceleration of the pellets as they move through the passages. An associated system and method for removing paint from a surface with cryoblasting techniques involves the treating, such as a preheating, of the painted surface to soften the paint prior to the impacting of frozen pellets thereagainst to increase the rate of paint removal. A system and method for producing large quantities of frozen pellets from a liquid material, such as liquid argon or carbon dioxide, for use in a cryoblasting process utilizes a chamber into which the liquid material is introduced in the form of a jet which disintegrates into droplets.

Abstract: An ice maker which produces clean, crescent-shaped ice pieces. A threaded cylindrical evaporator surrounded by copper tubing and having a centrally mounted driver with fins freezes water into crescent-shaped ice pieces and dispenses them from a chute at the top of the evaporator. Two embodiments of the present invention are provided.

Abstract: A latent heat accumulation system having a transfer mechanism comprises a production tank in which water is put in direct contact with an antifreezing liquid which does not combine with the water, has a specific gravity greater than that of the water and is cooled to a preset temperature level, thus producing ice particles, a recovery section, formed at a lower part of the production tank, for recovering the antifreezing liquid descending within the production tank, an upward pipe, connected to the production tank, for guiding upward a two-phase stream of the water and ice particles within the production tank, a transfer pipe, connected to the upward pipe, for transferring the two-phase stream to a specified place, a reservoir tank for storing the two-phase stream transferred via the transfer pipe, a water circulation system for draining the water from the reservoir tank and introducing the drained water into the production tank, and an antifreezing fluid circulation system for cooling the antifreezing fluid

Abstract: A latent heat accumulation system uses latent heat for air-conditioning. The latent heat accumulation system includes a tank, supplying section, injecting section, drawing section and collecting section. The tank has a liquid storing section for storing Fluorinate (trade name) in the lower portion thereof, storing water which is cooled by ice via a boundary surface with Fluorinate in the middle portion thereof and storing the ice together with the water in the upper portion thereof. The supplying section supplies the water into the liquid storing section. The injecting section injects Fluorinate cooled to a preset temperature into the water stored in the liquid storing section. The drawing section draws out the water which is stored in the liquid storing section and cooled by the ice to the exterior of the tank as an air-conditioning heat accumulation medium. The collecting section collects a mixed fluid of the water and Fluorinate from the lower portion of the liquid storing section.

Abstract: A deodorant equipment for an air conditioner includes a heater. A fin covers at least a part of an effective heating area of a surface of the heater. The fin has a radiator portion extending along a longitudinal direction of the heater. A vitreous coating film covers at least a part of an outer surface of the fin. A catalyst layer includes an absorption member and a catalyst. The absorption member absorbs odor components of air. The absorption member releases the odor components when being heated. The catalyst oxidizes and decomposes odor components when being heated.

Abstract: In a method for simultaneously carbonating and cooling liquid carbon dioxide under high pressure which is introduced under the liquid surface and is allowed to expand and dissolve in the liquid. Carbon dioxide not dissolved in the liquid is re-introduced under the liquid surface through a compressor and a cooler. A device for carrying out the method includes a closed vessel (1), a liquid inlet (2) opening into the vessel, a carbon dioxide inlet (12) opening into the vessel (1) under the liquid surface, a discharge conduit (5) for carbonated vessel, and, leading from the vessel (1) above the liquid surface, a re-circulation conduit (6,3) for carbon dioxide not dissolved in the liquid, compressor (7) and a cooler (8) being arranged in the re-circulation conduit (6,3).

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing refreshable frozen foods, such as meat and other food. The method is suitable for freezing foods by dipping foods in an agitating jet flow of a liquid anti-freezing medium, such as ethyl alcohol, under a temperature which is controlled between -30.degree. C. and -50.degree. C. so as to have refreshable foods which may be restored to an original fresh raw state by defrosting. In the method a super rapid freezer is used.

Abstract: Liquid is cooled in a columnar vessel having an inlet and an outlet for the liquid. The cooling is effected by introducing liquid cryogen into the vessel through a pipe. The liquid cryogen vaporizes and crates turbulence in the liquid in the vessel. Perforated plates dampen the turbulence and disengage the vaporized cryogen from the liquid being cooled. Pressurized gas is introduced from an inlet into the liquid beneath the liquid cryogen. This pressurized gas crates turbulence in the region where the cryogen enters the liquid and thus is able to prevent local freezing of the liquid in the mouth of the pipe. The liquid is typically water and the liquid cryogen typically liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing refreshable frozen foods, such as meat and other food. The method is suitable for freezing foods by dipping foods in an agitating jet flow of a liquid anti-freezing medium, such as ethyl alcohol, under a temperature which is controlled between -30.degree. C. and -50.degree. C. so as to have refreshable foods which may be restored to an original fresh raw state by defrosting. In the method a super rapid freezer thereof.

Abstract: Refrigeration apparatus for cooling or freezing products such as protein materials includes a drum through which heat transfer fluid is circulated. A belt is wrapped around part of the drum surface and the product to be refrigerated is applied to the drum surface, being pressed thereagainst by the belt. Either liquid or triple point carbon dioxide is circulated through the drum to cool the product in contact therewith. Other heat transfer fluids such as D-Limonene or DOWTHERM may also be circulated through the drum. A tank and related apparatus for cooling the heat transfer fluid is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for chilling and carbonating a liquid comprising a source of carbon dioxide disposed in a container the carbon dioxide in a container being capable of existing in both a liquid and gaseous state, the gaseous state above the liquid state. The container has an outlet opening in the top thereof and a dip tube is disposed in a container for selectively accommodating the flow of liquid carbon dioxide from the bottom of the container through the outlet opening. A tank is provided for holding a supply of liquid to be carbonated and a conduit connects the outlet opening of a container to the inlet opening of the tank. An orifice is provided in the conduit for creating a pressure drop to assure that all carbon dioxide flowing through the conduit is in liquid form and is injected in liquid form into the tank to thereby vaporize the injected liquid carbon dioxide and agitate, carbonate and chill the liquid in the tank.

Abstract: Improved method and apparatus for providing efficient cooling of a hot body using a pulse cooling system is disclosed. A flow of compressed gas is used to atomize each pulse of fluid before it enters the cooling channel of the hot body. The atomization of the fluid pulses allows each fluid pulse to be completely vaporized within the cooling channel, and, therefore, allows the hot body to be more efficiently cooled.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming ice crystals for seeding an air-water mixture in making snow comprising an aspirator in communication with a first chamber, a second chamber connected to the first chamber through a first mixing tube, and a second mixing tube leading from the second chamber to an outlet. Low pressure air is introduced to the second chamber, and high pressure water is supplied to the aspirator to provide a high speed jet of water for evacuating air from the first chamber and driving a mixture of air and water droplets along the first mixing tube and into the second chamber wherein the mixture is accelerated by the flow of low pressure air through the second chamber and along the second mixing tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for making large blocks of crystal clear ice for ice carving has a tank of brine of freezing temperature. A water can filled with water of the size and form of the desired ice block is in the tank. A tube extends down to the bottom of the container. A source of air under pressure about one and three-quarter pounds/square inch, is connected to the tube to bubble air out of the container to drive air out of the water to be frozen, by bubbling action. A rotating cam is connected to oscillate the tube up and down. A resilient hollow bumper is connected to the bottom of the tube, the cam being designed to raise the tube a predetermined amount, approximately two inches, and then permitting a drop, whereby, as ice forms from the bottom, the tube is gradually retracted so that it will not become frozen in.

Abstract: A method of preparing a clathrate of a gas-hydrate-forming material and water by preparing a dispersion of liquid water in a continuous fluid phase comprising the gas-hydrate-forming material and controlling the temperature and the pressure such that a clathrate is formed.

Abstract: A process for creating clear ice products where the potable water to be frozen is deoxygenated prior to freezing. A container for the potable clear ice product utilizes a plurality of packets joined together by flexible joints to form an ice pack. Each packet has a tear strip for facilitating the removal of the contents and each packet further has one side made from a mataerial providing for greater heat transfer than the other side of the packet.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing snow which provide a stream of pressurized air and pressurized water; combine the air stream and the water stream to cool the water and provide a first stream of a mixture of the air and water; thereafter aspirate a portion of the air in a counter-flow direction from air into the first stream and mixing therewith, to form a second stream of a mixture of air and water, the second stream being coaxial with the first stream; and disperse the second stream into freezing temperature atmosphere to freeze the water in the second stream and produce snow. In the preferred embodiment, a central stream of water of pressure of at least 300 psig is combined with air of pressure no more than about 30 psig coaxially combined and creating the first mixture. Ice crystals are utilized as a nucleating agent to promote the freezing of water in the second stream.

Abstract: A method of preparing a freeze-dried foam including an active ingredient, such as a pharmaceutical, nutrient, diagnostic, insecticide or fertilizer, is disclosed.

Abstract: Square pillar or block ice having a beautiful striped pattern is made by cooling and freezing raw water for ice making in an ice can, the raw water containing at least one soluble material and being subjected alternately to a degree of agitation effective for forming a transparent ice layer and to agitation required for forming a semi-transparent ice layer, thereby forming a striped pattern of the semi-transparent ice layer.

Abstract: Ice, in particular, block ice containing soluble materials dispersed therein is produced in an effective manner on a commercial scale by a process comprising cooling and freezing raw water for ice making in an ice can while air blowing and agitating by a blowing means, characterized by adding and dissolving soluble additives or materials in the raw water, effecting the air blowing and agitating with air under a pressure close to a minimum pressure required for dispersing bubbles in the raw water and thereby dispersing and incorporating the soluble additives or materials in the ice without substantially deteriorating the transparency of the ice.