Cooling Of Molten Glass Patents (Class 65/137)
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Patent number: 9074766Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating a material in a zone heated by combustion of a fuel with an oxidant by means of a oxyburner comprising an injector arranged within a block defining a chamber with a confinement index Iconf=(S/S?)×(L/L?)×(1/(1+a/100))=0.10; the fuel being injected into the burner chamber with a rate IF and the oxidant being injected into the burner chamber at a rate Iox such that 0.7=IF=3.6 et 0.3=Iox=5.1, provided that when Iox>3.8 then IF=3.3.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 2008Date of Patent: July 7, 2015Assignee: L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges ClaudeInventors: Robert Kalcevic, Jacky Laurent, Bertrand Leroux, Remi Tsiava
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Patent number: 8785011Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, provided is glass for use in substrate for information recording medium, which comprises, denoted as molar percentages, a total of 70 to 85 percent of SiO2 and Al2O3, where SiO2 content is equal to or greater than 50 percent and Al2O3 content is equal to or greater than 3 percent; a total of equal to or greater than 10 percent of Li2O, Na2O and K2O; a total of 1 to 6 percent of CaO and MgO, where CaO content is greater than MgO content; a total of greater than 0 percent but equal to or lower than 4 percent of ZrO2, HfO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, La2O3 Y2O3 and TiO2; with the molar ratio of the total content of Li2O, Na2O and K2O to the total content of SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, La2O3, Y2O3 and TiO2 ((Li2O+Na2O+K2O)/(SiO2+Al2O3+ZrO2+HfO2+Nb2O5+Ta2O5+La2O3+Y2O3+TiO2)) being equal to or less than 0.28.Type: GrantFiled: September 6, 2012Date of Patent: July 22, 2014Assignee: Hoya CorporationInventors: Kazuo Tachiwana, Yoichi Hachitani, Xuelu Zou, Mikio Ikenishi, Kinobu Osakabe
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Publication number: 20130167591Abstract: Methods are disclosed for inhibiting heat transfer through lateral sidewalls of a support member positioned beneath a crucible in a directional solidification furnace. The methods include the use of insulation positioned adjacent the lateral sidewalls of the support member. The insulation inhibits heat transfer through the lateral sidewalls of the support member to ensure the one-dimensional transfer of heat from the melt through the support member.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 8, 2013Publication date: July 4, 2013Applicant: MEMC SINGAPORE, PTE. LTD (UEN200614797D)Inventor: MEMC Singapore, Pte. Ltd (UEN200614797D)
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Publication number: 20130028825Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polycrystalline silicon ingot includes: solidifying a silicon melt retained in a crucible unidirectionally upward from a bottom surface of the silicon melt, wherein a silicon nitride coating layer is formed on inner surfaces of side walls and an inner side surface of a bottom of the crucible, a solidification process in the crucible is divided into a first region from 0 mm to X (10 mm?X<30 mm) in hight, a second region from X to Y (30 mm?Y<100 mm), and a third region of the Y or higher, with the bottom of the crucible as a datum, a solidification rate V1 in the first region is in a range of 10 mm/h?V1?20 mm/h, and a solidification rate V2 in the second region is in a range of 1 mm/h?V2?5 mm/h.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 25, 2011Publication date: January 31, 2013Applicants: MITSUBISHI MATERIALS ELECTRONIC CHEMICALS CO., LTD, MITSUBISHI MATERIALS CORPORATIONInventors: Koji Tsuzukihashi, Hiroshi Ikeda, Masahiro Kanai, Saburo Wakita
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Patent number: 8356493Abstract: New and improved compositions of doped fluorophosphate glasses for lasers have a high refractive index (nD) of approximately 1.6 to 1.7, high transmission in the near infrared part of the spectrum and a wide glass forming domain. These glass systems, Ba(PO3)2—Al(PO3)3—BaF2-Dopants, utilize dopants from the group of oxides or fluorides of the rare earth elements Sm, Eu, Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, Tb, Ho and Pr as well as MnO; and mixtures thereof. The composition of glass includes chemical durability, efficiency of laser use in the infrared spectrum and improved duration of luminescence.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2011Date of Patent: January 22, 2013Inventor: Alfred A. Margaryan
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Patent number: 8333089Abstract: New and improved compositions of doped fluorophosphate glasses for lasers have a high refractive index (nD) of approximately 1.6 to 1.7, high transmission in the near infrared part of the spectrum and a wide glass forming domain. These glass systems, Ba(PO3)2—Al(PO3)3—BaF2-Dopants, utilize dopants from the group of oxides or fluorides of the rare earth elements Sm, Eu, Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, Tb, Ho and Pr as well as MnO; and mixtures thereof. The composition of glass includes chemical durability, efficiency of laser use in the infrared spectrum and improved duration of luminescence.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2011Date of Patent: December 18, 2012Inventor: Alfred A. Margaryan
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Publication number: 20120238432Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a method of making chalcogenide glasses including holding the melt in a vertical furnace to promote homogenization and mixing; slow cooling the melt at less than 10° C. per minute; and sequentially quenching the melt from the top down in a controlled manner. Additionally, the present invention provides for the materials produced by such method. The present invention is also directed to a process for removing oxygen and hydrogen impurities from chalcogenide glass components using dynamic distillation.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 29, 2012Publication date: September 20, 2012Inventors: Vinh Q Nguyen, Jasbinder S. Sanghera, Shyam S. Bayya, Geofi Chin, Ishwar D. Aggarwal
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Publication number: 20120228561Abstract: Provided is the method for producing, by heat treating raw material powder, a lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode material which contains an olivine-structure crystal represented by general formula LiMxFe1-xPO4 (where 0?x<1 and M is at least one type selected from Nb, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co and Ni), wherein the raw material powder contains trivalent iron compound. The present invention allows for stably producing at reduced cost a lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode material which contains olivine-type LiMxFe1-xPO4 crystal.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 11, 2010Publication date: September 13, 2012Applicants: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION NAGAOKA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, NIPPON ELECTRIC GLASS CO., LTD.Inventors: Tomohiro Nagakane, Akihiko Sakamoto, Tsuyoshi Honma, Takayuki Komatsu
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Patent number: 8028541Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a barium-titanium-based ferroelectric glass using a containerless solidification process, such as an electrostatic levitation process or a gas levitation process, which comprises the steps of levitating a sample 1 of a barium-titanium-based compound by a levitating force of compressed air, heating the sample up to a temperature greater than its melting point (1330° C.) by about 100° C. to allow the sample to be molten, and, after maintaining the molten state for a given time period (at least several second), quenching the sample from a given temperature range (1400 to 1000° C.) at a cooling rate of about 103 K/sec, so as to allow the sample to be solidified while inhibiting nucleation and mixing of impurities from a container. The present invention makes it possible to provide a glass exhibiting an unprecedented, extremely large permittivity.Type: GrantFiled: March 8, 2006Date of Patent: October 4, 2011Assignee: Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyInventors: Kentei Yono, Takehiko Ishikawa, Yasutomo Arai, Shinichi Yoda
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Patent number: 8030232Abstract: A titanium-containing oxide glass having a bulky form and substantially having a chemical composition represented by the formula: (M1)1-x(M2)x(Ti1-y1(M3)y1)y2O2 [wherein M1 represents an element selected from Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Na and Ca; M2 represents at least one element selected from Mg, Ba, Ca, Sr, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Na, Sc, Y, Hf, Bi and Ag; M3 represents at least one element selected from V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Sb and Te; and x, y1, y2 and z satisfy the following requirements: 0?x?0.5, 0?y1<0.31, 1.4<y2<3.3, and 3.9<z<8.0, provided that x+y1?0 when M1 represents Ba, and y1?0 when both M1 and M2 represent Ba].Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 2011Date of Patent: October 4, 2011Assignee: Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyInventors: Kentei Yono, Yasutomo Arai, Atsunobu Masuno, Takehiko Ishikawa, Shinichi Yoda
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Publication number: 20100236291Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for making polyimide articles that are suitable for high temperature applications. The articles disclosed herein are rigid, oxidatively stable, wear-resistant, and permeable to heated moisture and gases, and comprise co-polymer based polyimide, and at least one additive or filler, and are made using 20,000 to 50,000 psi of compression pressure.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 16, 2010Publication date: September 23, 2010Applicant: E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANYInventors: John P. Cunningham, Jeffrey L. Loudin
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Patent number: 7637124Abstract: New and improved compositions of doped and co-doped bismuth fluorophosphate glasses for lasers is disclosed that have a high refractive index (nD) of approximately 1.6 and higher, high transmission in the near infrared part of the spectrum, and a wide glass forming domain. The disclosed glass systems Al(PO3)3—Ba(PO3)2—Bi(PO3)3—BaF2+RFx+dopands use dopants from the group of oxides and or fluorides of rare earth elements Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, Tb, Ho, Sm, Eu and Pr as well as MnO and mixtures thereof over 100 percent (wt %) of the glass-base composition. These glasses have high chemical durability, radiation resistance, efficiency of laser use in the infrared and blue spectrum, and improved duration of luminescence.Type: GrantFiled: June 21, 2009Date of Patent: December 29, 2009Assignee: AFO Research, Inc.Inventors: Alfred A. Margaryan, Ashot A. Margaryan
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Publication number: 20090025429Abstract: In a glassware molding machine, the half-molds of a mold are moved between an open position and a closed position and cooled by an actuating and cooling assembly having a fixed supporting structure and, for each half-mold, a respective supporting and actuating arm fitted to the relative half-mold and hinged to the fixed supporting structure to rotate about a fixed hinge axis; each supporting arm internally defining a chamber communicating with a ring of cooling conduits formed through the half-molds, and the chamber having an inlet formed through an outer lateral wall of the supporting arm to receive cooling air from a compressed-air tank of the machine.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 3, 2008Publication date: January 29, 2009Applicant: BOTTERO S.P.A.Inventors: Lorenzo Armando, Gianclaudio Borsarelli, Carlo Sesia
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Patent number: 7010941Abstract: A structural component for a device for the treatment of melts, especially of glass melts, having a base body of metal or of a metal alloy and a cooling system in which a cooling medium is led through the structural component for the leading-off of heat. The base body is provided with a coating of a material the decomposition temperature of which lies below the temperature of the melt, and the cooling system is designed and arranged in such manner that the temperature of the boundary layer of the melt that immediately surrounds the structural component lies below the decomposition temperature of the coating material.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 2001Date of Patent: March 14, 2006Assignee: Schott AGInventors: Christian Kunert, Uwe Kolberg, Werner Kiefer, Hildegard Römer, Volker Ohmstede
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Patent number: 6917794Abstract: A phase compensation circuit, for use with an FM reception system, includes a delay circuit and a control circuit. The delay circuit receives a composite input signal that exhibits a variable phase error and provides a plurality of selectable discrete delays. The control circuit is coupled to the delay circuit and receives a control signal whose value corresponds to the phase error associated with the composite input signal. The control circuit selects one of the plurality of selectable discrete delays responsive to the control signal, which is utilized to delay the composite input signal to provide a phase compensated composite output signal.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 2001Date of Patent: July 12, 2005Assignee: Delphi Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Jeffrey Joseph Marrah, Linh Ngoc Pham, Rohail Andrew Pervez, Myron Glen Padgett, Richard Albert Kennedy, Matthew James Yarosz
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Patent number: 6874335Abstract: Systems and methods for large scale synthesis of germanium selenide glass and germanium selenide glass compounds are provided. Up to about 750 grams of a germanium selenide glass or a glass compound can be synthesized at a time in about eight hours or less. Stoichiometrically proportional amounts of germanium and selenium are placed in an ampoule. A variable may also be placed in the ampoule. The ampoule is heated to above the softening temperature of the glass or glass compound being synthesized. The ampoule is then rocked for a period of time while the temperature is held constant. The temperature of the ampoule is then brought down to above the softening temperature of the glass or glass compound being synthesized and then quenched.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 2002Date of Patent: April 5, 2005Assignee: Micron Technology, Inc.Inventor: Stefan Uhlenbrock
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Patent number: 6823694Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass optical element having at least one concave surface, including: softening a glass molding material by heating, molding the softened material with a first mold having a first molding surface and a second mold having a second molding surface by applying a pressure, the first molding surface including a first concave forming surface, the second molding surface including a convex forming surface, a planar forming surface or a second concave forming surface, the second concave forming surface having a curvature radius greater than that of the first concave forming surface, whereby the applying of the pressure starts when the first mold and the second mold are at temperatures above a glass transition temperature of said glass molding material, the glass material is cooled so that a temperature of the glass material reaches a temperature equal to or lower than a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the glass material, and the cooled glass material is removed from either of the firsType: GrantFiled: August 31, 2001Date of Patent: November 30, 2004Assignee: Hoya CorporationInventors: Hiroyuki Sawada, Yoshitaka Goto, Yuka Miyashita
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Patent number: 6705122Abstract: The temperature of cooling air to a manifold for distribution to molds of a glass manufacturing machine is controlled by passing untreated air through an indirect heat exchanger in indirect heat exchange relationship with water flowing through a coil in the indirect heat exchanger before treated air from the indirect heat exchanger is passed through a blower for distribution to the manifold. Water for treating the air flowing through the indirect heat exchanger is pumped through the coil from a water cooling tower that is used in a glass manufacturing plant, either at a first temperature from a first outlet of the water cooling tower or at a second temperature from a second outlet of a water cooling tower, or a mixture of water from the first outlet and the second outlet. In a first embodiment, water from the first outlet and water from the second outlet pass through a temperature controlled three-way mixing valve before delivery to a pump for delivery to the indirect heat exchanger.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 2001Date of Patent: March 16, 2004Assignee: Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.Inventor: Douglas K. Mace
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Patent number: 6672111Abstract: Methods and apparatus for adding metals such as aluminum to fused silica glass articles are disclosed. The methods and apparatus allow for controlled, low level addition of metals into fused silica glass articles. The fused silica glass articles containing added aluminum exhibit improved internal transmission and decreased absorption change when irradiated with a laser.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 2001Date of Patent: January 6, 2004Assignee: Corning IncorporatedInventors: William P. Peters, Merrill F. Sproul, Daniel R. Sempolinski, Michael H. Wasilewski
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Patent number: 6250109Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously producing a glassy or vitrified blast furnace slag, in which the slag is applied onto a cooling roll or onto articulately interlinked cooling plates conducted as an endless conveyor belt over deflection pulleys and wherein cooling of the slag is effected dry, wherein the liquid slag is supplied to an intermediate storage and from that intermediate storage is continuously applied onto the cooling plate belt, or cooling roll, via a distributing channel in parallel strands at temperatures of above 1350° C., whereupon the cooled slag is thrown off and comminuted or granulated dry in a crusher. The invention, furthermore, relates to an arrangement for carrying out the process.Type: GrantFiled: September 2, 1999Date of Patent: June 26, 2001Assignee: Voest-Alpine Industrial Services GmbHInventors: Anton Hulek, Franz Ritzberger, Rainer Wawrina
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Patent number: 6227007Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for delivering molten thermoplastic material from one chamber to another through a throat in a refractory wall separating said chambers. A refractory metal conduit is positioned within said refractory throat below the level of the floor of said chambers, and standpipes at each end of said conduit extending above the level of said floors, create stagnant thermoplastic material about the conduit so as to prevent corrosion products from flowing away from about the conduit and thereby also preventing fresh thermoplastic from replacing it. The stagnant material becomes enriched with corrosion products, which with the absence of flow retards further corrosion of the refractory about the conduit.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1999Date of Patent: May 8, 2001Assignee: Corning IncorporatedInventor: Ronald W. Palmquist
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Patent number: 6134921Abstract: A forehearth (20) for cooling glass from a melting furnace as it flows to a feeder bowl (28) from which it is discharged to a forming machine. The forehearth is in the form of an elongate, horizontally extending insulated trough (26) with a roof formed by a longitudinally extending series of roof block elements (30), each of which is of one-piece construction and extends completely across the width of the insulated trough. The downwardly facing surface of each roof block element is contoured to incorporate concave portions (30a, 30b) near the edges of the forehearth, a concave portion (30c) above the center of the forehearth and convex portions (30d, 30e) separating the center concave portion from the side concave portions to substantially impede heat transfer between the side concave portions and the center concave portion.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 1999Date of Patent: October 24, 2000Assignee: Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.Inventors: James D. Hull, Philip D. Perry, Roland F. Pimm
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Patent number: 5928397Abstract: A method to produce fused quartz particulates from quartz sand is disclosed employing continuous withdrawal of the molten material from a furnace apparatus. The molten material is rapidly cooled as withdrawn causing thermal fracture which is followed by mechanically pulverizing the fragments to a desired particle size.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1998Date of Patent: July 27, 1999Inventors: Peter P. Bihuniak, Harry B. Shimp, Steven M. White
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Patent number: 5776221Abstract: A method for delivering a glass stream having a first inner layer and a second outer layer, including a generally vertical orifice, and delivering glass from a second source such that the glass from the second source provides an outer layer about the glass from the first source as it flows through the orifice. A resistance heated tube assembly is made of platinum or material having similar resistance heating properties and extends from a glass source to an orifice through which the glass flows from a glass source for the inner layer. The tube assembly includes a tube portion having an inlet end that communicates with the source for the outer layer and an outlet end that communicates with the source. The tube portion has an axis positioned at any angle ranging between the horizontal and vertical but preferably has an axis which is more vertical than horizontal. Flanges are secured to the ends of the tube portion, and the flanges are connected to an electric power supply.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 1996Date of Patent: July 7, 1998Assignee: Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc.Inventors: Michael T. Dembicki, Garrett L. Scott
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Patent number: 5709727Abstract: A bushing assembly is provided which is adapted to be positioned beneath a forehearth (30) to receive a stream of molten glass flowing from the forehearth (30). The assembly comprises a glass receiving block (76), a bushing (50) and at least one cooling element (82). The receiving block (76) is positioned adjacent to the forehearth (30) to receive the stream of molten glass flowing from the forehearth (30). The receiving block (76) has an orifice (72) through which the molten glass passes. The bushing (50) receives the stream of molten glass from the glass receiving block and supplies a plurality streams of molten glass to be drawn into continuous glass fibers. The at least one cooling element (82) extends into the stream of molten glass and transfers energy in the form of heat away from the molten glass.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 1996Date of Patent: January 20, 1998Assignee: Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.Inventor: Krishna M. Bobba
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Patent number: 5401289Abstract: Halide glass articles, e.g. rods, tubes and preforms for making fluoride glass fibres, are prepared by melting and/or casting the articles under a low pressure, e.g. 0.01 to 500 mbars and, during the low pressure regime, a gas flow rate of between 0.01 to 100 liters/min (measured at NTP) is maintained. It has been found that subjecting the melts to a low pressure reduces the attenuation of the fibre which eventually results from the melts.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1994Date of Patent: March 28, 1995Assignee: British Telecommunications public limited companyInventors: Paul W. France, Steven F. Carter, John R. Williams
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Patent number: 5383949Abstract: A glass forehearth is disclosed which is made up of upstream and downstream zones each having a roof structure which divides the channel into opposed side channels separated by a central channel. The glass in the central channel is heated for at least a portion of its length enabling the flow rate of the forehearth to be decreased.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1994Date of Patent: January 24, 1995Assignee: Emhart Glass Machinery Investments Inc.Inventors: Frank J. Bubon, Kenneth J. Paul, Steven J. Pinkerton
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Patent number: 5192353Abstract: There is disclosed a method for molding near net-shape glass articles. In general, the inventive method comprises two basic steps; (1) heating the receiving and opposing molding surfaces of a mold apparatus to different predetermined temperatures; and, (2) bringing the receiving and opposing molding surfaces of the mold into essential contact with each other and pressing a delivered molten glass charge for a time sufficient to remove enough heat from the charge such that the temperatures of the molding surfaces and the glass charge are all nearly at equilibrium below the glass charge's softening point. The press time and the differential mold heating combine to achieve symmetric heat removal, i.e. causing all temperatures to reach equilibrium at nearly the same time.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1991Date of Patent: March 9, 1993Assignee: Corning IncorporatedInventor: Jackson P. Trentelman
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Patent number: 5078769Abstract: Hollow blanks of glass are pressed between a hollow mold and a plunger (10). The mold comprises an inner wall complementary to the outer side of a blank. The plunger (10) comprises an open-pore plunger head (11) having a surface (24) complementary to the inner side of the blank and an inner cavity (15) which is filled with a liquid. In each working cycle a partial amount of the liquid evaporates by heat transfer from the glass to the plunger head (11) at the surface (24) of the latter, a separation vapor layer forming between the surface of the plunger head and the glass. The liquid pressure in the cavity (15) of the plunger head (11) is adapted to the pressing pressure obtaining in the glass during the pressing in each case until the glass has reached its dimensional stability necessary for withdrawal of the plunger head (11).Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1990Date of Patent: January 7, 1992Assignee: International Partners in Glass ResearchInventor: Wolfgang Trier
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Patent number: 5055123Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for equalizing the temperature of molten glass (2) over the cross-section of a stream thereof advancing through a refractory forehearth from a glass furnace to a glass working machine. To this end, cooling air is blown downwardly to strike the mid-line of the stream, and is then evacuated upwardly from locations on either side of the mid-line, in such manner that substantial side regions of the stream surface are preserved from cooling contact with the cooling air. Apparatus for this purpose comprises refractory blocks (4a, 4b) which can be assembled to form a forehearth superstructure or roof, the blocks having hollow formations which unite on assembly thereof to form feed (11) and return (12, 13) channels for the cooling air, as well as inlet (8) and exhaust (9, 10) ducts for directing it at the molten glass and recovering it thereafter.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 1990Date of Patent: October 8, 1991Assignee: Ardagh Glass LimitedInventor: Thomas Meacle
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Patent number: 5043369Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of alloy articles consisting essentially of glass and/or glass-ceramic and an organic thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer having a working temperature compatible with that of the glass and/or the precursor glass for the glass-ceramic. The glass and polymer are combined at the working temperature to form an intimate mixture; i.e., the glass and polymer are in a sufficiently fluid state to be blended together to yield a body exhibiting an essentially uniform, fine-grained microstructure wherein, desirably, there is at least partial miscibility and/or a reaction between the glass and the polymer to promote adhesion and bonding therebetween. A body is shaped from the mixture and cooled to room temperature.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1989Date of Patent: August 27, 1991Assignee: Corning IncorporatedInventors: Wendy A. Bahn, George H. Beall, Joseph Ference, Beth C. Monahan, Candace J. Quinn, Paul S. Roussel
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Patent number: 4994099Abstract: A furnace for fining molten glass is provided in which glass flows in a substantially vertical direction prior to exiting the furnace. As it flows vertically, the glass is allowed to cool. This cooling, in turn, allows the glass to be removed from the furnace through a narrow passageway without producing excessive wear of the passageway. Preferably, vertical flow of the molten glass at the exit end of the furnace is produced across the furnace's full width. In this way, the molten glass does not stagnate within the furnace and undesirable scums on the top surface of the glass are avoided. In certain preferred embodiments, the vertical flow is achieved by a trough which has sloped sides and which connects with and extends downward from the bottom surface of the furnace.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1990Date of Patent: February 19, 1991Assignee: Corning Glass WorksInventor: George B. Boettner
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Patent number: 4854960Abstract: A forehearth for transport of molten glass, characterized in that cooling surfaces of a material having a high heat conductivity, particularly a metallic material, are disposed in the roof of the forehearth. The metallic material may be an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy having fifteen to thirty percent by weight of chromium, three to twelve percent by weight of aluminum, and a balance of essentially iron.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1988Date of Patent: August 8, 1989Assignee: Kanthal ABInventors: H.ang.kan Lindgren, Jan O. Olsson, Martin Knudsen, Knut Ronningen
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Patent number: 4840656Abstract: A system for forming hollow pressed glass articles utilizes a flow of cryogen that is mixed with air to provide a cooling gas that enables newly pressed articles to be removed from their molds after a thin skin of solidified glass has been formed on internal surfaces of the articles to strengthen the newly formed articles and to give them shape stability. Two flows of cryogen are used, one being a gentle, substantially continuous flow of cryogen gas from a low pressure source, the other being a controlled intermittent flow of cryogen vapor in liquid and/or gaseous form from a high pressure source. To assure a proper introduction of cryogen vapor, and to prevent debilitating accumulations of ice within and about the tube that is used to inject high pressure cryogen, the high pressure injector tube is surrounded by a low pressure cryogen flow tube, through which a flow of low pressure cryogen gas is maintained on a substantially continuous basis.Type: GrantFiled: October 17, 1988Date of Patent: June 20, 1989Assignee: AGA A.B.Inventors: Michael J. Ziegler, Barry Millward, Kenneth P. Robb, Jr.
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Patent number: 4789390Abstract: A lid of a glass batch melting vessel is subjected to corrosive and thermal degradation. The lid is cooled and the temperature of the exploded inner surface of the lid is controlled such that particulate and molten materials entrained in exhaust gas circulating within the vessel adhere to the lid surface forming a protective, insulating coating that prolongs the service life of the lid.Type: GrantFiled: July 1, 1987Date of Patent: December 6, 1988Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Gerald E. Kunkle, George A. Pecoraro, Henry M. Demarest, Jr.
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Patent number: 4778509Abstract: A furnace for cooling molten glass, which comprises a cooling tank for slowly cooling the molten glass while the average temperature of the molten glass is within a certain range extending below and above the temperature at which the speed of absorbing bubbles is highest, and cooling it rapidly when the average temperature of the molten glass is outside said range.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1987Date of Patent: October 18, 1988Assignee: Nippo Sheet Glass Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hiroshi Samejima, Akira Hoshino, Seiichiro Manabe
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Patent number: 4738706Abstract: The device comprises a three-dimensional grid of thermocouples which are immersed in a fluid, which is moving in a covered channel and has a temperature above that of its environment. Apertures in the sheathing of the channel can be progressively closed by shutters so as to control the cooling of the fluid through an outgoing radiation through the apertures. Burners with a variable intensity are placed within the channel and allow to heat up the fluid in the vicinity of each burner. The position of each shutter and the fuel flow to each burner are commanded severally, based on the values emitted by the ensemable of the thermocouples in order to obtain a homogeneous repartition of the temperature of the fluid, transversally with respect to the channel.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 1986Date of Patent: April 19, 1988Assignee: Glass Advanced Technology CorporationInventor: Vittorio Picinelli
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Patent number: 4708730Abstract: An apparatus for blow molding glass articles uses a mixture of cryogenic fluid and ambient air as a blowing fluid. The apparatus includes gas inlet means positioned to direct a flow of blowing fluid into the center of a blow mold, insulated manifold means to mix ambient air and a cryogenic fluid as the blowing fluid, means to feed the mixture into the gas inlet means, means to pressurize the ambient air, conduit means for directing ambient air into the insulated manifold, and injector means for introducing cryogenic vapor into the conduit means.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1986Date of Patent: November 24, 1987Assignee: AGA ABInventors: Michael J. Ziegler, F. Richard Simpkins
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Patent number: 4707175Abstract: An air cooled rotary kiln collar for use in improving the delivery of preheated charge material from the rotary kiln to the second stage of a multi-stage heating process. Adustable rate fans circulate air through an annular collar at the discharge end of the rotary kiln to remove heat from the charge material and prevent it from agglomerating and sticking to the kiln.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1985Date of Patent: November 17, 1987Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Robert B. Heithoff, John K. Groetzinger
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Patent number: 4668271Abstract: In a method and apparatus for liquefying material such as glass batch, primary thermal protection for the vessel is provided by a lining of the batch material, with secondary protection being provided by forced cooling of a minor portion of the vessel in regions and at times when the primary protection is irregular.Type: GrantFiled: January 2, 1986Date of Patent: May 26, 1987Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Henry C. Goode, Gary N. Hughes, Donald P. Michelotti
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Patent number: 4666489Abstract: In a rotating vessel for liquefying pulverulent material wherein the pulverulent material forms a lining on sidewall portions of the vessel, pressing means are provided for creating a flattened end portion at the top of the lining onto which additional pulverulent material is fed and subsequently pressed into the lining. The pressing means is preferably a rotationally driven wheel and the pulverulent material may be glass batch. A more stable feeding operation and reduction of dusting are attained.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1985Date of Patent: May 19, 1987Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Henry M. Demarest
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Patent number: 4662927Abstract: Temperature conditioning of molten glass flowing from a melter to a glassware-forming machine is described. In addition to the attempt at conditioning the molten glass in the forehearth in the usual manner, in accordance with this invention, distribution channels leading from the throat of the molten glass supply to the forehearth are provided with conditioning apparatus. Most particularly, the conditioning apparatus is such that the conditioning temperatures at the opposite sides of the distribution channel may be varied. For example, at one side the interior of the distribution channel may be being heated while the opposite side is being cooled. It is also possible to heat one side to a greater degree than the other while heating both sides. Most particular, the burner construction is such that the burners may be utilized either to heat the interior of the distribution channel or to cool the same.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1985Date of Patent: May 5, 1987Assignee: Emhart Industries, Inc.Inventor: John F. Blumenfeld
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Patent number: 4655812Abstract: A forehearth for a glass furnace includes a roof formed of a plurality of roof blocks designed to provide below the roof blocks a central longitudinal channel and side channels on each side of the central channel. An electric heating element is positioned in a bore in the roof blocks substantially directly above the side channels to permit radiation of heat to the glass surface above the side channels. The temperature of the molten glass utilizing the construction can be effectively uniformly controlled across its cross-section.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1985Date of Patent: April 7, 1987Assignee: Emhart Industries, Inc.Inventor: John F. Blumenfeld
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Patent number: 4652293Abstract: A method of cooling molten glass, which comprises slowly cooling the molten glass while the average temperature of the molten glass is within a certain range extending below and above the temperature at which the speed of absorbing bubbles is highest, and cooling it rapidly when the average temperature of the molten glass is outside said range.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1985Date of Patent: March 24, 1987Assignee: Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd.Inventors: Hiroshi Samejima, Akira Hoshino, Seiichiro Manabe
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Patent number: 4604121Abstract: In a glass batch liquefying process, batch-entrained nitrogen is purged by contacting the batch with a substantially nitrogen-free gas in a pretreating stage.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1985Date of Patent: August 5, 1986Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Henry M. Demarest, Jr., Joseph M. Matesa, Gerald E. Kunkle
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Patent number: 4544396Abstract: In a glass melting furnace, the beneficial effects of passing molten glass streams through the intensified heating at the surface of the "spring zone" are enhanced by the use of bubblers. In one aspect, the rate of bubbling is greater near a side wall of the furnace than in the center immediately upstream of the spring zone so as to direct side portions of the throughput stream into the spring zone. In another aspect of the invention, the rising currents of the spring zone are enhanced by bubbling a stream entering the spring zone at a first elevation and then bubbling the same stream portion at a higher elevation.Type: GrantFiled: October 20, 1983Date of Patent: October 1, 1985Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: John F. Krumwiede, William C. Harrell, William G. Hilliard, James E. Harris
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Patent number: 4528013Abstract: A melting furnace is disclosed which heats by joule effect to supply molten material of uniform temperature at the floor of the melter. During formation of molten material, an essentially isothermal condition across a given horizontal plane of the body of molten material is established. Spaced apart opposed electrodes and controlled current flow establish these uniform temperatures and allow molten material to be formed directly from the melter without further processing.Type: GrantFiled: July 11, 1983Date of Patent: July 9, 1985Assignee: Owens-Corning Fiberglas CorporationInventors: Charles S. Dunn, Mark A. Propster, Charles M. Hohman
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Patent number: 4519814Abstract: Liquefying of pulverulent batch materials (e.g., glass batch) is carried out in two stages. The first stage utilizes extended gas/solid contact to heat the materials to an intermediate temperature, and may recover waste heat. The second stage rapidly liquefies the material in a cavity lined with the batch material, and may employ substantially nitrogen-free heat sources. Another aspect involves maintaining a wet condition in the first stage to entrap particulates.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1983Date of Patent: May 28, 1985Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: Henry M. Demarest, Jr.
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Patent number: 4511385Abstract: A centerline cooled forehearth for conditioning molten glass, wherein the sides of the flow channel of the forehearth are provided with external sheets of insulation. The channel is covered by a roof having vertical vents therethrough along the centerline with the usual burner blocks and burners spaced along the sides of the upper edge of the channel. Flue blocks are positioned immediately above the burner blocks, and their lower surfaces extend toward the centerline of the channel a greater extent than the burners, thereby serving as reflectors for the heat from the burners along the side walls of the channel.Type: GrantFiled: October 17, 1983Date of Patent: April 16, 1985Assignee: Owens-Illinois, Inc.Inventors: Marvin L. Barkhau, Joseph J. Kujawa
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Patent number: 4504302Abstract: A glass making furnace wherein the glass constituents are fed from a hopper (10) into a melting chamber (15). Molten glass flows into the chamber (16) for passage through a homogenizer (25) for shear mixing of the glass and elimination of bubbles therefrom. A flow modulating valve (50) regulates the rate of flow of the molten glass to an extrusion nozzle (93).Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 1983Date of Patent: March 12, 1985Inventor: Justice N. Carman