Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing fused silica members having high internal transmission are disclosed. The apparatus and methods are capable of producing fused silica having internal transmission of at least 99.65%/cm at 193 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making a soot particle and apparatus for making such soot particle. Preferably the method of making the soot particle is substantially free of the step of combusting a fuel and substantially free of the step of forming a plasma. Preferably, the apparatus is devoid of a heating element associated with both combustion and formation of a plasma. A preferred technique for at least one heating step for forming the soot particle is induction heating.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of decorative facing materials using a glass-pelletizer and refractory filler. The inventive method for a continuous production of decorative facing slabs consists in loading of basic materials into casting-moulds which are placed on an open heat-insulated palette, and in thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature ranging from 900° C. to 950° C. After the thermal treatment, the palette with the moulds is taken out and conditioned at an ambient temperature during 80-90 sec accompanied by cooling the surface of the slabs to a temperature ranging from 600° C. to 634° C. Afterwards, the slabs are placed in a heat-insulated closed space having a thermal resistance of walls which makes it possible to cool the surface of the slab to a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 140° C. with an average cooling rate ranging from 0.016 to 0.020 degrees/sec.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the manufacture of synthetic vitreous silica ingots involves the production of a melt of synthetic vitreous silica in a crucible (35) within a refractory furnace (31), and the continuous withdrawal of an ingot (43) through an orifice (40) in the wall of the crucible. The silica may be deposited in the crucible by a synthesis burner (33), which may also serve to maintain the silica above its sintering temperature. The emerging ingot is supported by an arrangement of moveable clamps (44).

Abstract: A method of forming a glass sheet includes obtaining a preform generated from a glass composition and conveying the preform through a channel having a temperature that decreases along a length of the channel to form a glass sheet having a predetermined width and thickness.

Abstract: In order to provide a quartz glass crucible distinguished by high purity, high opacity and/or low transmissibility in the IR spectrum, it is proposed on the basis of a known quartz glass crucible of opaque quartz glass with a crucible body symmetrical in relation to a rotational axis, an outer zone (3) of opaque quartz glass transitioning radially toward the inside into an inner zone (2) of transparent quartz glass and with a density of at least 2.15 g/cm3, that according to the invention, the crucible body (1) be made of a synthetic SiO2 granulate with a specific BET surface ranging from 0.5 m2/g to 40 m2/g, a tamped volume of at least 0.8 g/cm3 and produced from at least partially porous agglomerates of SiO2 primary particles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing fused silica members having high internal transmission are disclosed. The apparatus and methods are capable of producing fused silica having internal transmission of at least 99.65%/cm at 193 nm.

Abstract: Apparatus suitable for vitrifying nuclear waste comprises a tunable microwave cavity connected by a first wave guide to a source of microwave energy; cooling coils for cooling the exterior of the cavity; a hopper for loading particulate fusible material to the interior of the cavity; within the cavity a crucible made of melted and re-solidified fusible particulate material; an exit-chamber connected by a second waveguide to a second microwave source; and a pipe for supplying argon gas to the exit chamber so that a plasma torch can be generated. The separating of the crucible form the cavity walls by unmelted material gives significant advantages in case of cleaning and reduced energy consumption.

Abstract: Present invention suppresses undesirable effects of the bubbles trapped in a silica glass crucible on single crystallization during the pulling process under a high-temperature load. When raw material powder is melted in a mold 1, graphite components of electrodes and impurities contained in the raw material are removed by introducing hydrogen gas and/or oxygen gas immediately after the start of arc discharge. Graphite and impurities are prevented from entering the product crucible, thereby suppressing the volume increase rate of the bubbles and reducing the inner pressure of the bubbles. Gases remaining in voids of an accumulated layer of silica powder formed inside the mold 1 can be replaced with helium gas, by supplying helium gas to the accumulated layer from the mold 1.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacture of quartz crucibles comprising a hollow mold having a bottom wall portion and a side wall portion and defining a hollow space therein. The walls of the mold include a plurality of openings to facilitate gas passage therethrough. A rotatable support of the mold is provided to rotate the mold about a vertical axis. A vacuum is applied through the walls of the mold to draw quartz particles against the walls and remove gas. A shroud surrounds at least a portion of the hollow mold; at least one gas inlet positioned to provide a gas to a space between the shroud and the mold. A housing overlaps at least a portion of the shroud and the hollow mold. At least one gas outlet is positioned to exhaust gas which may exit the space between the shroud and the mold. Alternatively, or in addition to the outlet, a space may be provided between the housing (hood) and the shroud to facilitate gas discharge.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing fused silica members having high internal transmission are disclosed. The apparatus and methods are capable of producing fused silica having internal transmission of at least 99.65%/cm at 193 nm.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing a quartz glass crucible for pulling up a silicon single crystal capable of effectively reducing the content of bubbles by reducing the bubble diameters of the outer layer of the crucible are proposed. The method comprises the method step that during heat-melting of a porous outer molding a processing gas is supplied for flowing through the porous molding, whereby the processing gas preferably contains less nitrogen than air or less oxygen than air.

Abstract: In a device (5) for producing a quartz glass crucible (2) a section (14, 15) of a wall (13) of a rotating quartz glass crucible (2) is heated by at least two electrode arrangements (7, 8) which are evenly spaced along the periphery of the quartz glass crucible (2) and create a first and a second electric arc. The use of a plurality of electrode arrangements (7, 8) allows a reduction of the cooling phase of the section (14, 15) i.e. the time until it reaches the next heating zone (11, 12), so that undesirably high temperature differentials in the wall (13) are prevented. At the same time the required heat output of each individual electrode arrangement (7, 8) can be reduced so that vaporization and the concurrent bubble formation is reduced. In addition to the higher levels of quality attainable hereby, the duration of the manufacturing process is also reduced.

Abstract: A synthetic quartz glass preform is produced by flame hydrolysis with subsequent cooling and is suitable for the application of high-energy DUV radiation in the wave length range under 250 nm. The preform has a core area which contains ≧1150 ppm OH, a strain double refraction of ≦5 nm/cm and a resistance to high-energy DUV radiation as a result of a transmission reduction of &Dgr;T≦0.1%/cm thickness. The quartz glass has been exposed to the following radiation: wavelength &lgr;1=248 nm, laser shot frequency≧300 Hz, laser shot value≧109 and lumination≦10 mJ/cm2, and wavelength &lgr;2=193 nm, laser shot frequency≧300 Hz, laser shot value≧109 and lumination<5 mJ/cm2. Apparatus for producing the preform comprises a horizontally positioned muffle with two different sized openings facing each other. The larger of the openings is for removing the preform, the smaller opening being for introducing a burner.

Abstract: Fused silica boules (19) having improved radial homogeneity are produced by controlling the air flow around the boule (19) during its formation. The boule is formed in a cup-like containment vessel (13) which collects silica particles from a plurality of burners (14). The containment vessel (13) rotates and oscillates relative to the burners (14) as the boule (19) is formed. The containment vessel (13) is bounded by a cup-like containment wall (22), and a shadow or air flow wall (130) is spaced apart from and surrounds the containment wall (22) forming a gap or air flow passage (175) therebetween. A radially-outwardly extending deflecting wedge portion (23) is formed at the upper extent of the containment wall (22) and at an outlet end of flow passage (175).

Abstract: A method is provided for molding a synthetic silica glass member. The method includes accommodating a synthetic silica glass bulk inside a molding vessel; interposing an elastic member having a ventilating property between a pressing member and the synthetic silica glass bulk; providing a fastener for fastening at least peripheral edge portions of the elastic member to the pressing member; and pressing the synthetic silica glass bulk against the molding vessel by the pressing member in a high-temperature condition to mold the synthetic silica glass bulk into a synthetic silica glass member having a shape conforming to a shape of the space defined by the pressing member and the molding vessel, the synthetic silica glass bulk being pressed in such a manner that the pressing member and the elastic member tightly fasten to each other through the fastener.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to transform large quantities of waste glass into useful ceramic products by a low-cost manufacturing process. The major steps of the method consist of dry preparation of glass powder, granulation with a non-aqueous organic binder system, dry pressing with adequate green strength, and firing at low temperatures. Water and clay are not required in the processing, which eliminates problems that were encountered in the past. Only one firing step is needed with a low peak firing temperature of about 750° C. The method conserves energy and natural resources compared to clay-based traditional ceramic manufacturing. High-quality impervious ceramic products with only a small amount of porosity can be produced by the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing quartz glass large scale slab ingot in a flame hydrolysis reaction in a furnace, including the steps of rotating the furnace, depositing a fused silica on a furnace bed, and extending the deposit outwardly by heating and rotation of the furnace, thereby a quartz glass slab ingot is obtained. A quartz glass burner is installed at the ceiling of the furnace, hydrogen gas supplied to the burner is flowing down along the tapered wall of the oxygen chamber and being ejected into the outer casing part of the hydrogen gas is deflected to the center of the burner, and mixed with the oxygen just after the ejecton from the oxygen gas nozzles thereby the flame is formed smoothly and the thermal efficiency is improved, The flame becomes wide enough and the silica powder transported by the hydrogen gas is uniformly fused by the flame and heat capacity of the fused silica.

Abstract: A porous preform vitrification apparatus of the present invention, provided with a means for forcibly feeding nitrogen etc. from a furnace core tube to a discharge gas pipe so as to balance a pressure between a furnace core tube accommodating a porous preform and a heating furnace body surrounding this and so as to suppress pressure fluctuation in the furnace core tube to a minimum level, controlling the gas feed rate and discharge rate to the furnace core tube and the heating furnace body, and controlling the feed rate of the nitrogen from the furnace core tube to the discharge gas pipe based on a differential pressure signal of a pressure in the furnace core tube and a pressure in the heating furnace body.

Abstract: Fused silica boules (19) having improved radial homogeneity are produced by controlling the air flow around the boule (19) during its formation. The boule is formed in a cup-like containment vessel (13) which collects silica particles from a plurality of burners (14). The containment vessel (13) rotates and oscillates relative to the burners (14) as the boule (19) is formed. The containment vessel (13) is bounded by a cup-like containment wall (22), and a shadow or air flow wall (130) is spaced apart from and surrounds the containment wall (22) forming a gap or air flow passage (175) therebetween. A radially-outwardly extending deflecting wedge portion (23) is formed at the upper extent of the containment wall (22) and at an outlet end of flow passage (175).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for manufacturing silica crucibles 9 containing few, if any, white point defects. The white point defects are reduced by decreasing the amount of silica vapor condensing on electrodes 4,5,6 used in the manufacturing process. The silica vapor condensation is decreased by providing a flow of a protective or non-reactive gas or gas mixture through protective devices 11,12,13, over portions of the electrodes where the silica vapor would otherwise condense.

Abstract: A method of processing material for use in production of rock wool, comprises providing the material in finely divided form; mixing the finely divided material with a fibrous binding agent; and forming the mixture into solid blocks. The resulting blocks (lacking fines) are in a form suitable for use in the production of rock wool, and may be fed to a smelting furnace, together with other ingredients as appropriate, for processing in conventional manner. In one preferred embodiment, the material is waste rock wool, such as spent hydroponic growth medium or shot. By use of the invention, shot which has hitherto constituted a waste material can be recycled and reused in the production of rock wool, thus obviating the waste disposal problem and improving the overall efficiency of the rock wool production process. The invention also covers the resulting solid blocks and a method of producing rock wool using the blocks.

Abstract: The invention is used to manufacture an inhomogeneous medium whose porosity and permeability undergo rapid transitions from one point to another of its volume, by juxtaposing different materials without creating a barrier. Such a transition is made by juxtaposing a first material and a second material with a different porosity to the first. One of them can be a rock sample such as sandstone for example, the other can be a composite material obtained by agglomerating pyrex powder for example, the whole being heated according to a specific temperature cycle up to a temperature (TR) lower than the melting point of the two materials but sufficient to achieve partial melting of one of the materials at the interface with the other material, but without formation of a continuous or discontinuous capillary barrier between them, or an interzone with preferred passage for fluids. Thus, different composite materials can be juxtaposed to constitute the inhomogeneous medium.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing glass, more specifically glass powder or glass films, together with a process for conditioning the raw materials intended for preparing glass characterized in that raw materials are converted to freely flowing powder suitable for feeding to a plasma torch in which the powder is converted to glass.

Abstract: A device for doping silica powder with a dopant includes an arrangement for receiving silica soot particles or previously fabricated silica granules. The particles or granules contained in the receiving arrangement are heated to a temperature sufficient to allow agglomeration of the soot particles into granules followed by densification of the granules. The receiving arrangement is fed with a precursor gas of the dopant so that the granules are heated in an atmosphere containing the precursor gas, which causes the dopant to be incorporated into the granules during their densification to produce densified and doped silica grains. The receiving arrangement is mobile so that, during their movement, each of the granules that it contains is subject to movement such that substantially all of its outside surface is exposed to the atmosphere containing the precursor gas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the preferably continuous manufacture of foamed material using a furnace are provided. A two-part mold mechanism is provided that includes an upper portion and a lower portion that are each endless loops and cooperate with one another to form a closed mold within the furnace. The upper and lower portions can each comprise a plurality of transverse mold members that can be easily replaced or exchanged during operation of the apparatus. A feed mechanism is provided for introducing material that is to be foamed to the mold mechanism upstream of the furnace. Scrapers or the like can be provided downstream of the furnace to aid in separating and supporting foamed material from the mold mechanism.

Abstract: Fused silica boules (19) having improved off-axis homogeneity are produced by controlling the air flow around the boule (19) during its formation. The boule is formed in a containment vessel (13) which collects soot from a plurality of burners (14). The containment vessel (13) rotates and oscillates relative to the burners (14) as the boule (19) is formed. Surrounding the containment vessel (13) is an air flow wall (130) which oscillates with the containment vessel (13). The air flow wall (130) is spaced from the containment vessel (13) by a gap (175) through which air flows during boule formation. The dimensions of this gap (175) remain constant as the boule is formed. Surrounding the air flow wall (130) is a stationary wall (160). The stationary wall (160) is spaced from the air flow wall (130) by a gap (165) whose dimensions change as the boule is formed. A motion accommodating seal (155) blocks air flow in this gap (165).

Abstract: A precision burner for oxidizing halide-free, silicon-containing compounds, such as, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS), is provided. The burner includes a subassembly (13) which can be precisely mounted on a burner mounting block (107) through the use of an alignment stub (158), a raised face (162) on the burner mounting block (107), and a recess (160) in the back of the subassembly (13). The burner's face includes four concentric gas-emitting regions: a first central region (36, 90) from which exits a mixture of OMCTS and O.sub.2, a second innershield region (38, 92) from which exits N.sub.2, a third outershield region (40, 42, 94, 96) from which exits O.sub.2, and a fourth premix region (44, 98) from which exits a mixture of CH.sub.4 and O.sub.2. The burner provides more efficient utilization of halide-free, silicon-containing raw materials than prior burners.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single crystal pulling apparatus comprising; an outer crucible 11 positioned inside a chamber (gas tight container) 2, for storing a semiconductor melt 21, and an inner crucible 30 comprising a cylindrical partition body, mounted inside the outer crucible 11 to form a double crucible, and wherein a single crystal of semiconductor 26 is pulled from the semiconductor melt 21 stored inside the inner crucible 30. With this arrangement, the inner crucible 30 is made from quartz and comprises an inside layer A, an outside layer C, and an intermediate layer B which lies between the inside layer A and the outside layer C, and the intermediate layer B is made from quartz with a larger gas bubble content than the quartz which makes up the inside layer A and the outside layer C of the inner crucible 30.

Abstract: A method of producing a resilient decorative construction material from waste products such as slag granulate or waste glass granulate is taught. The waste glass granulate may contain paper, adhesives, plastic, or other contaminants. The construction material may be in the shape of a tile and used in interior or exterior applications. A layer of material comprising glass granulate, slag granulate, or sand, or mixtures thereof, is placed in a heat-resistant mold. The layer has first and second surfaces. The layer is thermally treated, and is initially heated so that a temperature gradient is established throughout the layer, with the first surface having a first temperature no greater than the softening point, and the second surface having a second temperature less than the first temperature. These temperatures are held for a period of time, and the layer subjected to further heating.

Abstract: An essentially cylindrical porous blank is formed by the deposition of SiO.sub.2 particles onto the lateral cylindrical surface of a cylindrical mandrel, rotating around its longitudinal axis; this blank is provided with a holding element of quartz glass in the form of a hollow body, which surrounds a section of the mandrel and which is at least partially embedded in the area of one of the ends of the blank. The blank is then sintered. In order to securely support even heavy blanks without complicated holding devices, the holding element is fused into the area of at least one of the ends of the blank during the deposition process by the maintenance of a high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of forming ceramic tiles having the appearance of tiles produced from clays. The process includes melting a material to form a glass melt, treating the glass melt to produce a solid glass product, grinding the solid glass product to produce glass particles having a particle size of less than 200 microns, mixing the glass particles with a first additive to form a glass powder mixture having a composition of 55 to 99 wt. % glass particles and 45-1 wt. % first additive, forming the glass powder mixture into tiles by dry pressing, where the tiles have a primary crystalline phase selected from the group consisting of nepheline, diopside, anorthite, wollastonite, melilite, merwinite, spinel, akermanite, gehlenite, crystalline phases based on iron substitutions in the crystalline phase, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: In a quartz glass crucible obtained by heating and fusing a rotating layer (3) charged with a powder of silicon dioxide, impurity elements are controlled so that copper, chromium, and nickel each amount to 0.5 ppb or less, iron amounts to 120 ppb or less, and sodium amounts to 20 ppb or less. The silicon dioxide powder is supplied to a rotatable mold (1) having an open top, thereby forming a layer (3) charged with silicon dioxide along the inner peripheral wall of the mold. The layer (3) is internally heated and fused while covering the open top with a lid (5) having two or more holes (6,7), and the mold (1) is ventilated to discharge the high temperature gases through the holes (6,7).

Abstract: A hollow cylinder is held in a vertical orientation and sent continuously through a heating zone for sintering. In a first phase of the sintering operation, the hollow cylinder stands on a support while the upper end (12) of the cylinder is being sintered. In a second phase the cylinder hangs from a hanging element while its lower end (10) is sintered. A vertical rod is fixed to the base on which the lower end is supported, and extends through the hollow cylinder. A retaining ring is fixed inside the upper end of the hollow cylinder. During the first phase, the upper end vitrifies and contracts so that the retaining ring engages the vertical rod. Longitudinal contraction causes the lower end to lift off the base so that the cylinder is suspended during the second phase.

Abstract: Fused silica boules (19) having improved homogeneity are produced by causing the boule (19) to flow radially during its formation to achieve local mixing between portions of the boule which may have experienced different laydown conditions. The mixing is achieved by one or a combination of: (1) use of a containment vessel (13) having a gently sloping containment wall (22); (2) use of a containment vessel (13) whose inner radius (r.sub.v) is substantially larger than the outermost radius (r.sub.b) of the burners (14) used to produce the boule (19); and/or (3) maintaining the boule (19) at a sufficiently high temperature during laydown so that radial flow is achieved with a minimum head height of glass. Large blanks having high homogeneity can be made from such boules, e.g., blanks having diameters above 200 millimeters and .DELTA.n values of less than 0.25.times.10.sup.-6.

Abstract: A hollow cylinder is held in a vertical orientation and sent continuously through a heating zone for sintering. In a first phase of the sintering operation, the hollow cylinder stands on a support while the upper end (12) of the cylinder is being sintered. In a second phase the cylinder hangs from a hanging element while its lower end (10) is sintered. A vertical rod is fixed to the base on which the lower end is supported, and extends through the hollow cylinder. A retaining ring is fixed inside the upper end of the hollow cylinder. During the first phase, the upper end vitrifies and contracts so that the retaining ring engages the vertical rod. Longitudinal contraction causes the lower end to lift off the base so that the cylinder is suspended during the second phase.

Abstract: Glass ceramic for use as a biomaterial comprising CaO 34.6 to 54.6%, SiO.sub.2 24.2 to 44.8 %, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 0 to 8.0%, CaF.sub.2 0.1 to 1.0% and Mgo 1.0 to 10.0% by weight and characterized by a primary wollastonite crystalline phase (CaO, SiO.sub.2) and a secondary apatite crystalline phase, and the process for the preparation thereof are disclosed. The glass ceramic of the present invention has superior mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and no toxicity making it useful as a biomaterial in artificial bone and dental implants.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a glass preform by VAD, includes a rotational drive device for rotating soot material, a detection device for detecting vibrations of the soot material, and a control device for controlling rotational speed of the rotational drive device. The control drive device changes the rotational speed of the rotational drive device on the basis of a detection output of the detection device.

Abstract: A method for producing an elongated composite glass body by melting at least two starting materials of different material compositions, feeding the starting materials to a drawing die disposed at the bottom of an externally heated melting crucible, and continuously drawing the melts vertically out of the drawing die to form a composite body laminated transverse to the drawing direction. To provide an interface free from impurities between the starting materials in the composite body and to enable the path of the interface to be freely shaped, the starting materials are fed in particle form continuously to a single melting crucible and heaped therein to form a preformed body in which one starting material lies directly next to the other starting material forming an interface line therebetween that extends substantially vertically and parallel to the drawing direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing an optical fiber preform having the steps of disposing a rod member made of a silica-based material within a cavity of a mold, followed by loading a molding material within the mold cavity, and applying pressure to the mold from the outside to form a porous layer on the surface of the rod member and, thus, to obtain a porous preform, wherein at least one end portion of the rod member extends outside the mold cavity in the step of applying pressure to the mold. The particular method permits manufacturing a high quality porous preform free from splits or cracks, making it possible to obtain a high quality optical fiber preform free from residual bubbles.

Abstract: An improved method for making preforms by vapor deposition soot laydown processes is provided wherein an oxidizing atmosphere is used during at least part of the laydown process, e.g., during the laydown of the center portion of the preform. The use of such an atmosphere has been found to result in enhanced dopant capture, reduced axial trends, and an overall stabilization of the laydown process. A method for selecting burner flows which optimize the laydown process is also provided.

Abstract: An optical fiber soot synthesis apparatus which synthesizes around a fiber starting member forming a core of an optical fiber an optical fiber soot forming a cladding and which accurately calculates in real time the mass of the optical fiber soot when deposited so as to control the synthesis of the optical fiber soot. The optical fiber soot synthesis apparatus measures the weight of the rotating fiber starting member and optical fiber soot by a pair of soot weight detection sensors arranged at a fiber starting member support and rotational drive mechanisms divided so as to prevent the weight of the rotational drive mechanisms from having much of an effect. The computation and control apparatus performs operational processing from the measured weights and calculates the mass of only the optical fiber soot synthesized on the fiber starting member in real time. The computation and calculation apparatus refers to the calculated mass to control the synthesis of the optical fiber soot.

Abstract: A quartz glass crucible for use in a process for pulling a single crystal silicon and having an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer contains less than 0.3 ppm each of Na, K and Li and more thant 5 ppm of Al. The outer layer further contains bubbles to present an opaque appearance. The inner layer is made by melting powders of high purity non-crystalline synthetic silica and contains less then 200 ppm of OH group. There is also disclosed a method for producing the crucible.

Abstract: In production of a closed package-type semiconductor assembly provided with a built-in semiconductor element and conductive leads for connection to outside devices, a conductive island, the conductive leads and other accessories are united together by one stage moulding of molten glass. Simple process reduces the production cost greatly and no use of dusty ceramic components much raises functional reliability of the product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sintering furnace for the production of a quartz preform which can be used for carrying out dehydration, fluorine-addition and/or sintering of a porous quartz soot preform prepared by a flame hydrolysis method such as a VAD method or a OVD method, and in particular, to such a furnace in which joints in a long furnace muffle so long that fabricating it as open body is impossible can be maintained fully gas-tight, so that it is possible to prevent H.sub.2 O, O.sub.2 and other impurities in the air from entering the muffle from outside, and corrosive and poisonous gases in the muffle are prevented from leakage to outside the muffle.

Abstract: An article for use in producing silica optical fibers doped with a metal de obtained by synthesis from low pressure vapor reactants is made from an outer supporting tube extending along a longitudinal axis and having first and second longitudinally opposite ends and an inner surface on which silica and a dopant formed by a reaction between vapor-state reactants can be deposited over a longitudinally extending silica-deposition zone. Respective first and second joints engage the ends of the supporting tube and each have a fixed part and a rotating part. Each rotating part supports the respective end for rotation relative to the respective fixed part about the axis. At least one of the reactants is introduced into the supporting tube through the first joint and depleted gases are discharged through the second joint.

Abstract: Apparatus for rapidly forming a porous glass preform is provided in which an array of burners is oscillated along a path parallel to the longitudinal axis of the preform. The oscillation amplitude is limited so that each burner deposits soot on only a portion of the preform, e.g., 20% of the preform. By controlling inter-burner variability and the air flow in the burner-array/preform region, preforms having substantially uniform diameter and axial properties are obtained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a vitreous enamel body includes forming particles of vitreous material and melting to fuse the particles together to form the body. The particles of vitreous material are spherulized and are selected as to their granulometric properties according to the degree of compaction required in the finished enamel body. From 20% to 40% of the bulk volume of the mixture is a fine particle size fraction. Such a finished enamel body may be a coating, for example a high-compacity enamel coating on a bathtub, or it may be a self-sustaining body, for example a porous vitreous filter element. Porous coatings and compact self-sustaining bodies may also be made.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a quartz glass crucible comprises a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber therein, a rotation crucible having an inner surface corresponding in configuration to the quartz glass crucible, means for rotating the rotation crucible, means for shifting the rotation crucible and the rotating means together between the first and second chambers, means placed in the first chamber for feeding a grain material into the rotation crucible, means placed in the first chamber for shaping the grain material in the rotation crucible so as to form a shaped body in the shape of the quartz glass crucible when the rotation crucible rotates, and means placed in the second chamber for heating and fusing the shaped body within the rotation crucible so as to make the quartz glass crucible.

Abstract: A granular body, from which an article having a nonuniform refractive index may be formed, has grains of two substances which have different refractive indicies in a geometric distribution in the granular body corresponding to the geometric distribution of the substances required for the nonuniform refractive index of the article and a way of shape-stabilizing the granular body. A method of making the granular body comprises controllably feeding the grains into the geometric distribution in the granular body and shape-stabilizing it. Preferably the granular body is compressed into a porous compact which holds itself together and is treated with a gas to achieve desired optic properties in the article.