Abstract: A nozzle tip for a glass injection cartridge loaded with a rod-shaped glass material and having a heater for melting down the glass material into a molten state for injection into a mold, the nozzle tip containing:a) a nozzle body having a conical shape converging forwardly from a rear-end portion fitted on a fore-end portion of the glass injection cartridge, the nozzle body being formed of tungsten carbide and internally defining a molten glass passage extending axially throughout the nozzle body from the rear-end portion toward a converging fore-end portion to be connected to the mold; andb) a glass releasing layer coated substantially on the entire surface of the nozzle body including the molten glass passage,wherein the glass releasing layer is selected from the group consisting of HfN, BN, TiAlN, CrN, ZrN and TiN.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a metal mold for glass, which needs not apply any swab in molding of glass, enabling no-swabbing glass forming. The alloy for the mold comprises by weight Cu: 10 to 80%, Al: 4 to 11%, Cr: 3 to 16%, Ni: 2 to 36%, and at least one rare earth element: 0.02 to 2.0% with the balance consisting of Fe and further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ti: Al%.times.0.5 to 2, V: Al%.times.0.2 to 1, Zr: Al%.times.0.1 to 0.3, and Nb: Al%.times.0.1 to 0.3. The alloy is gradually cooled from the solidification initiation temperature to 50.degree. C. at a cooling rate of 10.degree. C./ min. The surface of the mold is coated with an Al-containing coating or roughened to an average roughness of 0.3 to 5 .mu.m. A solid lubricating film is provided in a fitting portion of the mold, or alternatively a self-lubricating solid is embedded in the fitting portion of the mold.

Abstract: A furnace for molding glass blanks includes a housing having a series of electrical heating stations and a rotary door adapted to receive glass blanks for processing. The furnace also includes a rotary turntable for receiving the glass blanks and a steering coil positioned to direct the glass blanks in a spiral pattern as they are heated at the electrical stations, a paddling platform for manual shaping, and a pressing station for pressing the glass blanks into a predetermined configuration.

Abstract: A spray device which is provided with a nozzle for spraying a lubricant is arranged in proximity to a bottom mold and/or a plunger, and the nozzle is operated and controlled by a control device to spray the lubricant on a mold surface of the bottom mold and/or the plunger.

Abstract: An improved tool is provided for pressing glass into a precision optical element having a strong concave surface. The tool is selected from ceramic and metal materials having coefficients of thermal expansion greater than the coefficient of the pressed glass. Preferred tools include a base material selected from Invar, steel and alumina with a surface layer selected from alumina, zirconia, chromium oxide and chromium carbide, having a finished thickness in the range between ten to two thousand angstroms.

Abstract: A glass making apparatus adapted to deposit a lubricating/detaching layer of carbon black obtained from acetylene cracking on the internal walls of a blank mold (1, 18). The glass making apparatus includes a blank mold (1, 18) having an open top and an open bottom (10); a collar (6) sized, shaped, and positioned to selectively plug the open bottom (10) of the blank mold (1, 18) during a glass forming process and to disengage from the open bottom (10) of the blank mold (1, 18) during a blank mold sooting process; a ring (7) disposed in the collar (6); a plunger (8, 14) sized, shaped, and positioned to selectively move up into the collar (6) and down out of the collar (6); and a sleeve (9) surrounding the plunger (8, 14).

Abstract: A robot carries a swabbing member to a position of each mold to rub the swabbing member against each one of the molds. The swabbing member feeds a swabbing agent to the surface of each mold where it comes in contact with, and rubs the agent thereinto.

Abstract: In a device for producing mold glass bodies, a molding cavity is defined by two mold halves and by two mouth ring halves. One single nozzle head is used for spraying a lubricant on both the inner faces of the mold halves and the connection faces of the mouth ring halves which are to contact the mold halves.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass container by the steps of (a) providing a plunger with two portions, one portion having a sprayed metal coating of self-fluxing alloy and the second portion having a ceramic coating, (b) forming a lubrication carbon layer on surfaces of molds including a blank mold and a neck ring by periodically injecting flames of at least one kind of gaseous hydrocarbon having a carbon to hydrogen ratio more than 0.75, (c) supplying a gobbet of glass to the blank mold; (d) producing the parison from the gobbet of glass, using the plunger, the blank mold and the neck ring; and (e) blow-forming the parison to a glass container of a final configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for orienting a glass sheet (12) on a glass sheet shaping mold (16) is disclosed as including a plurality of air actuated cylinders (32) mounted on the mold (16). Each cylinder (32) includes a glass sheet nester (34) that is actuable by cylinder (32) between a raised position, above the mold (16) for locating the glass sheet (12) with the cooperable operation of backgate assembly (24) as the glass sheet (12) moves along a topside support device (14), and a lowered position, below the mold surface (26) whereby the glass sheet (12) can be deposited on the mold (16) for forming.

Abstract: Hollow blanks of glass are pressed between a hollow mold and a plunger (10). The mold comprises an inner wall complementary to the outer side of a blank. The plunger (10) comprises an open-pore plunger head (11) having a surface (24) complementary to the inner side of the blank and an inner cavity (15) which is filled with a liquid. In each working cycle a partial amount of the liquid evaporates by heat transfer from the glass to the plunger head (11) at the surface (24) of the latter, a separation vapor layer forming between the surface of the plunger head and the glass. The liquid pressure in the cavity (15) of the plunger head (11) is adapted to the pressing pressure obtaining in the glass during the pressing in each case until the glass has reached its dimensional stability necessary for withdrawal of the plunger head (11).

Abstract: A method is disclosed providing temporary protection of a glass surface from staining and scratches by coating the exposed surface with a soluble polymer film incorporating spacer particles of an inert material.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying lubricant onto a molding die in a glass bottle making machine, including a spraying nozzle for spraying a mist of lubricant mixed with air onto an inner surface of the molding die, located on a guide rail above an array of a plurality of molding dies, and a cylinder which is connected to the spraying nozzle to reciprocally move the spraying nozzle between a spraying position directly above the molding die and an inoperative position apart from the spraying position.

Abstract: A chamber (1) for the thermal treatment of objects comprises in its interior heating means (3, 4) and means (5) to support the objects (2) to be treated, the walls of this chamber comprising a thermal insulating lining, and a portion (30) of these walls being removable to provide access to the interior of the chamber. Substantially all the internal surface of the chamber (1) is lined with cast silica-base plates (13, 14, 15, 16, 17) disposed side by side, having a coefficient of thermal expansion near zero. Used particularly in plate glass tempering furnaces.

Abstract: A system for lubricating glass forming molds and guide members by flame spraying the molten gobs of glass as they fall to the molds with powdered graphite where the graphite spray is directed from two sides of the falling gob or gobs. Any overspray that does not impinge on the gob or adhere to the gob during the flame spraying of the lubricant is collected by positioning an exhaust header in direct alignment with the flame spray direction to draw the combustion products and powdered lubricant overspray into an exhaust system to keep the area around the feeder clean and free of airborne particles.The mounting of the burners and exhaust headers on a support which is movable relative to the gob drop path without actually crossing the path facilitates the implementation of the lubricant system of the invention.

Abstract: In a device for producing mold glass bodies, a molding cavity is defined by two mold halves and by two mouth ring halves. One single nozzle head is used for spraying a lubricant on both the inner faces of the mold halves and the connection faces of the mouth ring halves which are to contact the mold halves.

Abstract: In the production of moulded glass articles, difficulty arises from the risks of adhesion of the glass to the surfaces of the mould, which is made unserviceable, at least for a time. A permanent anti-adherent coating for glassmaking moulds is provided on the mould cavity surfaces, by a metal layer comprising a molybdenum alloy containing 30 to 55% Mo and less than 4% iron. The metal layer may also contain nickel and chromium in significant quantities.

Abstract: A glassware molding machine having a parison molding portion and a container body molding portion includes a spray apparatus with a spray head that is operatively attached to a spray spindle. Vaporized lubricant is sprayed radially outward from the spray head while the spray head is rotated and moved upwardly through the molding cavity. The automatic cycle of the glassware molding machine is interrupted while the mold halves are closed so that the lubricant is not deposited onto mating surfaces of the mold halves; a barrier of air is provided to prevent lubricant from being deposited onto the parison plunger; a collection system is provided to capture exhaust materials from the application of lubricant to the hot mold surfaces; and provision is made for depositing a heavier layer of lubricant, or a different lubricant, on a selected surface of the molding cavity.

Abstract: A method and plunger arrangement for forming parisons in the manufacture of hollow articles of glassware. The method comprising forming each parison by introducing a gob of molten glass into a mould cavity (10) having the shape desired for the external surface of the parison, and moving a plunger (14,70) into the mould cavity to cause the molten glass to conform to the shape of the cavity. The method also comprises forming a layer of gas (G.98) between a surface portion of the plunger and the molten glass so that, as the plunger moves into the cavity, the glass is pushed into shape by the layer of gas, and rotating or vibrating the plunger while it is in the mould cavity. The plunger arrangement provides means for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A system for a multiple condition sensing and ware rejection for a computer controlled glass ware forming apparatus including mold temperature detectors, smoke detectors mounted to monitor each mold and gob cutting detectors mounted to control the overall speed of the apparatus and wherein control means are provided to respond to the temperature detector to lubricate the particular hot mold and other control means mounted to respond to a smoke signal to program the ware rejection means to reject the particular glass ware formed in the smoke containing molds.

Abstract: A plunger (10; 30) for use in forming parisons during the manufacture of glass containers has a glass-contacting surface layer (18; 38) formed by a material which has, at least in a tip region of the plunger, a thermal conductivity in directions parallel to the glass-contacting surface (16; 36) of the layer greater than its thermal conductivity normal to the glass-contacting surface. A suitable material is pyrolytic graphite.

Abstract: A membrane fuel cell battery is described which is characterized by improved reactant flow distribution and heat removal. Internally cooled, bipolar, reactant flow defining assemblies separate the ion exchange membranes of adjacent cells. Coolant flow through the interior of the separator is controlled to cool one side more than the other. The cooler side of one separator contacts the fuel side of a membrane while the warmer side of the adjacent separator contacts the oxidant side. The temperature differential across the membrane minimizes drying of the fuel side of the hydrated cell membranes.

Abstract: Two fixed heads are used to lubricate a split-mold. The heads do not interfere with the movements of the mold and are effective to inject a jet of a gas that forms a powdery carbonaceous material. When the mold is open, the injection axis of each head is just about in line with the axis of the associated half-casting.

Abstract: Hollow glassware is made in a method wherein a necking shear is displaceable between one end position blocking one end of a passage of a preform mold and another end position at a final mold and a liquid is sprayed into the other end of the passage of the preform mold. In addition the necking shear is temporarily retained in an intermediate position between the two molds and simultaneously the liquid is sprayed into the passage. This passage is upright and the one end is below the other end. Thus a pocket of air that would prevent the mist from settling in the passage is not created, and the passage can be effectively wetted even by a relatively small volume of liquid. A bottom-blowing unit constituted as a vertically displaceable plug is provided below the preform mold. This plug is raised once the gob is in place and during top blowing to form the initial hollow in it and is shielded during spraying of the liquid into the passage.

Abstract: A multipiece spray assembly is disclosed which provides an annular axially and radially inwardly inclined nozzle passage operative to rapidly and efficiently apply a substantially complete and uniform coating to the inner surfaces of a forming cavity. Additional nozzle means may also be provided to simultaneously coat an overlying forming tool.

Abstract: A new spray ring apparatus for use in forming apparatus of the type used in metal forming and glassware forming which include a forming cavity into which a fluid lubricant material is sprayed. In one embodiment, the spray ring includes a plurality of nozzles through which the fluid lubricant material is sprayed into the cavity in a tangential helical flow pattern to thereby uniformly coat the interior surfaces of the cavity prior to the forming of the metal or glassware parts therein. In another embodiment, an annular nozzle flowpath is provided with the helical flow pattern being imparted to the lubricant material via a tangentially disposed inlet opening into an annular manifold chamber. A plurality of nozzle openings may be provided in the outer surface of the spray ring which may operate to uniformly coat the outer surfaces of a punch or similar type of associated overlying forming tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for spraying an oil-water-air mixture onto a plurality of shear blades adjacent to a glass gob feeder and including a multi-compartmented mixing block, a flow meter in the water line, an oil-water ratio controller, signal means connecting the flow meter output to the ratio controller for actuating an oil injector in response to the water flow whereby a metered quantity of oil-water mixture is entrained with the air in the mixing block and individual spray nozzles are connected to each compartment.

Abstract: In a glass ware forming apparatus including a blank mold, a split blow mold, a bottom plate, and a neck ring assembly, the inclusion of a nozzle assembly mounted on the blank mold supporting structure and oriented to spray lubricant onto the inner walls of the open blow mold and further nozzle means mounted to spray lubricant onto the inner surface of the bottom plate prior to the closing of the blow mold about a parison for blow forming the parison into a finished form.

Abstract: A new spray ring apparatus for use in metal forming and glassware forming machines of the type having a forming cavity into which a fluid lubricant material is sprayed, said spray ring including a plurality of nozzles through which the fluid lubricant material is sprayed into the cavity in a tangential helical flow pattern to thereby uniformly coat the interior surfaces of the cavity prior to the forming of the metal or glassware parts therein.

Abstract: An article suitable as an integral handle for an optical waveguide preform is disclosed. The article comprises a hollow tubular member defining a substantially longitudinal aperture and having one end thereof tapered and of diminishing wall thickness for the length of said taper. Adjacent the tapered end is disposed an outwardly extending protrusion which is embedded in one end of an optical waveguide preform forming an integral unit therewith. Means are provided for a substantially gas-tight connection to the handle so that a gaseous medium may be flowed through the handle and the optical waveguide preform in its porous soot form. Means are also provided for attaching and securing the composite structure to a source of gaseous medium. Also disclosed is the combination of an optical waveguide preform rigidly affixed to a handle.

Abstract: A layer consisting of a grinding medium such as corundum, SiC, emery or quartz sand is provided in a mould for the production of glass objects. A portion of this layer sticks to the glass work piece formed in this mould and is used for a subsequent surface processing procedure.

Abstract: High purity glass preforms for optical fiber manufacture are provided by depositing, using chemical vapor deposition techniques, high purity materials upon a removable hollow tubular deposition substrate of a radio frequency energy susceptible material. The substrate is subjected to radio frequency energy for the purposes of heating the substrate and the high purity glass-forming materials in vapor form are passed through the hollow substrate so that the heated substrate causes a reaction resulting in the deposition of the high purity materials on the inner surface of the substrate. The hollow tubular substrate is subsequently removed from the high purity glass materials to provide a cylinder of high purity glass. During the processing, the hollow substrate functions as a substrate, radio frequency energy susceptor and reaction enclosure.

Abstract: This application describes a method of treating glass sheets to be stacked, by applying water, a stain inhibiting material such as ammonium chloride, and dry particles of a mechanical separator such as wood flour, to such sheets in a plurality of sequential steps; together with articles resulting from that method.

Abstract: Release and lubricating compositions are disclosed for avoiding seizure between molten glass and metal molds for forming glass articles and for improving the quality of glassware produced therefrom, comprising an aqueous dispersion containing polyphenylene sulfide, an inorganic binder, and a solid lubricant. The inorganic binder may be represented by the general formula MPO.sub.4 wherein M is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, magnesium, iron and zinc. The particular solid lubricants include members selected from the group consisting of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polyterafluorethylene, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in methods for forming glass articles which methods are of the type wherein hot formable glass is first formed into a parison, or blank, in a parison or a blank mold and then the parison, or blank, is formed into the final glass article in a blow mold and wherein there is no relative rotation of the glass and the respective molds in the forming operation; the improvement resides in providing the cavity-defining surface of the blank mold with a layer, or coating, of a solid film lubricant or glass release agent which essentially comprises a non-colloidal lubricating graphite dispersed in a thermoset, cured, hard organopolysiloxane binder. The layer, or coating, is formed by applying a dispersion of graphite in an organic solvent solution of a further-curable, thermosettable, solvent soluble, organopolysiloxane onto the cavity defining surface of the blank mold and then curing said organopolysiloxane to a thermoset hard condition.

Abstract: A smokeless lubricant for coating the interior surfaces of glass forming molds to protect them during contact with molten glass and to facilitate release of formed glass products, including an inert fluid carrying medium, a thermally inert chemical compound suspended in this medium and a wetting agent which causes the chemical compound to adhere to molecules of the fluid carrying medium. The method of lubricating glass forming molds with such a lubricant by mixing selected amounts of the chemical compound and wetting agent in the fluid carrying medium to form the lubricant, stirring or agitating this mixture to maintain the compound in suspension within the carrying medium, and flash-heating this lubricant to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the carrying medium and cause the chemical compound to be exploded onto the interior surfaces of the mold to coat these surfaces.

Abstract: In a conjunction with a glassware press-molding machine, an arrangement of Bernoulli nozzles is employed to remove the articles from the mold, complete the forming of the articles, cool them, heat treat them and transfer them to a conveyor. The cooling and heat treating is effected by air from the nozzle combined with an airflow directed onto the underside of the articles while supported by the Bernoulli nozzles.