Abstract: To provide a bonded glass cutting method whereby it is possible to suppress an occurrence of a crush or chipping when bonded glass is cut, and cut the bonded glass into pieces of a predetermined size, a package manufacturing method, a package, a piezoelectric vibrator, an oscillator, an electronic device, and an atomic timepiece. A bonded glass cutting method includes a scribing step, which irradiates a lid substrate wafer with a laser beam with a wavelength absorbed by a wafer bonded body along outlines, thus forming scribe lines on the lid substrate wafer, and a breaking step which, by cutting the wafer bonded body by applying a fracture stress to the scribe lines, dices the wafer bonded body into a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators, wherein a cutting step is carried out in a condition in which the wafer bonded body is placed on silicon rubber, and an outside end face of the lid substrate wafer is caused to face the silicon rubber.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible, which enable accurate measurement of a fume generation amount, prevention of deterioration of an inner surface property, and real-time control of a raw material melting state. Provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a vitreous silica crucible 50 by supplying silica powder into a mold 10 to form a silica powder layer 11, and heating and melting the silica powder layer 11 by arc discharge. The apparatus includes the mold 10 for defining an outer shape of a vitreous silica crucible, an arc discharge unit having a plurality of carbon electrodes 13 and a power-supply unit 40, and a fume-amount measurement unit 30 for detecting an amount of fumes 80 generated in the mold 10.

Abstract: There are the steps of conveying a glass plate by a roller conveyor including a plurality of rollers; and moving a roller in contact with the glass plate in conveyance to position the glass plate so as to conform a posture of the glass plate to a reference posture.

Abstract: A system for and method of analyzing a cullet stream prior to batch formulation in glass manufacturing. Cullet is fed onto a conveyor where a real-time composition analysis is performed. Contaminants are optionally removed, and a determination is made as to whether the cullet batch color is consistent with a predetermined tolerance threshold. If necessary, the glass batch formulation is modified in view of the cullet analysis. Virgin raw materials requirements of the modified glass batch formulation may then be communicated to the batch controller before sending batch ingredients to the mixing stage and completing the overall glass manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method having particular utility for making outer and inner formed windshield glass sheets is performed by glass sheet positioning centrally on a forming face (34) of a forming mold (32) to form each glass sheet to a design shape regardless of any size difference between the glass sheets from one cycle to the next.

Abstract: There are the steps of conveying a glass plate by a roller conveyor including a plurality of rollers; and moving a roller in contact with the glass plate in conveyance to position the glass plate so as to conform a posture of the glass plate to a reference posture.

Abstract: Alkali-free glasses are disclosed which can be used to produce substrates for flat panel display devices, e.g., active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). The glasses contain iron and tin as fining agents, and preferably are substantially free of arsenic and antimony. In certain embodiments, the glasses are also substantially free of barium. Methods for producing alkali-free glass sheets using a downdraw process (e.g., a fission process) are also disclosed.

Abstract: In the case of a method for manufacturing glass, with which molten glass is enclosed at least partially by precious metal walls or refractory metal walls, and with which the oxygen partial pressure of the molten glass is influenced by a treatment means to prevent disturbances, gas bubbles or other disturbances often form as a result of over-compensation. This over-compensation can be prevented by locating at least one probe (20) for determining the oxygen partial pressure at the interface—or close to the interface—of the glass melt and metal wall, and by regulating the influencing of the oxygen partial pressure in a safe range of the oxygen partial pressure with the treatment means using a regulating system (39, 45).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inspecting and sorting molded containers includes an inspection device for inspecting containers and a container mold of origin identifier for correlating a container that is determined to have at least one unacceptable commercial variation with the mold cavity that produced the container. A controller having a programmed cavity reject threshold is in communication with the inspection device and the container mold of origin identifier for monitoring a commercial variation threshold to determine if a mold of origin has produced a threshold number of containers having a commercial variation outside the acceptable limits. A diverter is in communication with the controller for segregating all the containers produced by a mold of origin determined to have produced the threshold number of containers having the commercial variation beyond the acceptable limits.

Abstract: A system for and method of analyzing a cullet stream prior to batch formulation in glass manufacturing. Cullet is fed onto a conveyor where a real-time composition analysis is performed. Contaminants are optionally removed, and a determination is made as to whether the cullet batch color is consistent with a predetermined tolerance threshold. If necessary, the glass batch formulation is modified in view of the cullet analysis. Virgin raw materials requirements of the modified glass batch formulation may then be communicated to the batch controller before sending batch ingredients to the mixing stage and completing the overall glass manufacturing process.

Abstract: Provided are an image display device capable of displaying a good image by suppressing yellowing of a glass substrate, and an evaluating method of the glass substrate. The image display device is formed using the glass substrate where reflectance at wavelength of 220 nm is 5% or lower. In the evaluating method of the glass substrate for the image display device, Sn++ content in the glass substrate is analyzed using reflectance at wavelength of 220 nm.

Abstract: Experimental data is presented which shows that laser scoring of glass sheets (112) with existing techniques produces unacceptable levels of residual stress in the separated sheets as the scoring speed is increased. Methods for solving this problem are disclosed which employ elongated and, preferably, asymmetrically-truncated laser beams (13). The methods allow glass sheets (112) to be scored at speeds of 1000 mm/s and above with low levels of residual stress, e.g., levels of residual stress which are less than or equal to 500 psi. Such low levels of residual stress translate into low levels of distortion during the manufacture of display panels (e.g., LCD panels) as well as in improved properties of the separated edges. The methods can be used with glasses of various types including glasses having low coefficients of thermal expansion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a glass substrate for an image display device having high picture quality. The reducing force in a float furnace is controlled to be decreased so that Sn++ content on a surface of the glass substrate forming an Ag electrode is a predetermined value or less. When the resultant Sn++ content on the surface of the glass substrate forming the Ag electrode exceeds the predetermined value, the surface is partially removed to decrease the Sn++ content to the predetermined value or less to suppress the occurrence of yellowing of the glass substrate.

Abstract: To reuse glass used in a flat panel display, processing suitable for global environment such as processing of separating a lead component must be realized. A disassembly processing method for a flat panel display having a structure in which a face plate and rear plate mainly containing glass are airtightly joined via a frame with frit glass is characterized by including the step of separating the face plate and rear plate joined with the frit glass. The separation step is characterized by separating the face plate and rear plate by cutting, dissolution, or melting.

Abstract: Certain preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a system for and method of analyzing and cleaning a cullet stream prior to bottle manufacturing. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the system includes a raw materials feeder, a mixing stage, a melting stage, a bottle-forming stage, a cooling/annealing stage, an inspection stage, and a batch controller. The raw materials feeder further includes a cullet bin within which is cullet supply, a feeder, an analysis device, and removal assembly. Certain preferred embodiments of the method include the steps of feeding cullet onto the conveyor, performing real-time composition analysis of the cullet, removing contaminants from the cullet, determining whether the cullet batch is consistent with a predetermined tolerance threshold, adjusting the glass batch formulation, sending the batch ingredients to the mixing stage, and then completing the overall glass manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method of determining the constituents and impurities in mixed-color cullet to facilitate use of mixed-color cullet in glass manufacture is provided. A glass batch formulation is adjusted based on the measured characteristics of supplied mixed-color cullet. More specifically, certain preferred aspects of the present invention include the steps of providing quantity of mixed-color cullet, collecting at least one sample of the mixed-color cullet, performing, either singularly or in combination, particle size analysis, particle color analysis, or organics analysis of the mixed-color cullet, optionally storing the analysis results, determining a glass batch formulation, providing the cullet specification and the batch formulation to a glass manufacturer, and adjusting glass batch formulation based on the cullet specification to ensure consistent glass quality.

Abstract: A system and method for preparing chalcogenide glass are provided that allow for larger quantities of glass to be produced with lower production costs and less risks of environmental hazards. The system includes a reaction container operable to hold chalcogenide glass constituents during a glass formation reaction, a stirring rod operable to mix the contents of the reaction container, a thermocouple operable to measure the temperature inside the reaction container, and a reaction chamber operable to hold the reaction container. The method includes placing chalcogenide glass constituents in a reaction container, heating the chalcogenide glass constituents above the melting point of at least one of the constituents, promoting dissolving or reaction of the other constituents, stirring the reaction melt, maintaining an overpressure of at least one atmosphere over the reaction melt, and cooling the reaction melt to below the chalcogenide glass transition temperature.

Abstract: The process according to the invention reduces the effort required to shape a glass piece. In this process a liquid glass piece is provided on a structured supporting surface of an electrically conducting base. A voltage is applied across the liquid glass piece by connecting a voltage source between a contact position on the liquid glass piece and the electrically conducting base. The apparatus for performing the process has an electrically conducting base on which the liquid glass piece is supported and a device for applying a voltage between a contact position on the liquid glass piece and the electrically conducting base.

Abstract: A silica glass substrate is obtained by polishing, cleaning, drying and etching a silica glass substrate slice. When the substrate on one surface is treated with a reactive reagent, defects having a size of at least 0.3 ?m in a direction parallel to the substrate major surface are absent on the substrate surface. The silica glass substrate, in which no submicron defects manifest on the substrate surface even when treated as by cleaning or etching, serves as a reticle for use in photolithographic IC fabrication, achieving an improved manufacturing yield in the semiconductor device fabrication and microelectronic system fields.

Abstract: An ultraviolet ray-absorbing, colorless and transparent soda-lime-silica glass is disclosed, which glass is prepared by irradiating a cerium containing soda-lime-silica glass with light having wavelengths in far- to near-ultraviolet region and thereby reducing transmittance to light with wavelengths in the region of 300-400 nm.

Abstract: The invention concerns an automated method for producing a blown glass body, in particular a glass wall of an electrochemical sensor, wherein an immersion tube (10), through which air or gas can flow, is immersed into molten glass an amount of molten glass from the molten glass mass, and wherein the (8) and subsequently withdrawn to remove removed glass is blown into the form of the glass body to be produced by means of the air or gas flowing through the immersion tube (10), comprising the following features:—the position of the surface (42) of the molten glass (8) in the adjustment direction of the immersion tube (10) is determined; an adjustment means (18) for the immersion tube (10) is controlled in correspondence with the determined position of the surface (42) such that the free end of the immersion tube is first immersed into the molten glass mass (8) up to a certain predetermined immersion depth (h) of molten glass; and then removed thereby retaining a predetermined amount—following removal from the mo

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ceramizing starting glass of glass-ceramics into glass-ceramics, comprising at least the following steps: 1.1 the starting glass is heated from an initial temperature T1 to a temperature T2 which is disposed above the glass transformation temperature TG at which crystallization nuclei are precipitated; 1.2 the glass is held at the temperature T2 for a period t2 for the precipitation of crystallization nuclei; 1.3 the glass is further heated to a temperature T3 at which a crystal phase grows on the nuclei formed following step 1.1 and 1.2; 1.4 the glass is held for a period t3 at a temperature T3 or heated during this period to a higher temperature T4 until the predetermined properties of the glass-ceramics have been reached; 1.5 the control of the temperature curve is performed with the help of a control loop comprising at least one temperature sensor for sensing the temperature and a heating unit as an actuator. The invention is characterized in that 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a molded article in the form of an optical element such as a glass lens by heat-softening a glass material such as optical glass and press molding it with high precision in a pressing mold as well as an objective lens for optical picking up. The method of manufacturing comprises press-molding a molding material to make a molded article, measuring an optical property of the molded article, correcting pressing rate of at least one of the pressing molds based on the optical property thus measured, and further press-molding to make a molded article with the corrected pressing rate. A pressing device comprising a pair of pressing molds having molding surfaces processed to prescribed shape, and a means of driving one of the pair of pressing molds at a prescribed rate to press mold a molding material supplied between the pressing molds is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the remelting of glass bars, including the steps of introducing a glass bar into an upper end of a receiving shell; providing a molten bath having a surface underneath the receiving-shell; positioning the receiving shell such that a lower edge of the receiving shell is located at the height of the surface or above it; heating a lower end of the glass bar to a temperature above a softening temperature of the glass, resulting in a melt-off process at the lower end of the glass bar to produce a melt stream; controlling the melt-off process such that the melt stream continuously enters the molten bath proximate the surface with avoidance of a constriction; and drawing off melt from the molten bath by means of an arrangement for drop generation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quality control method and a quality control apparatus for use in the formation of a glass product. A feeder mechanism cuts a column-like molten glass pushed out through an orifice thereof into a glass gob and allows each glass gob to fall with gravity from the orifice. A predetermined glass product is formed from the glass gob after delivering the fallen glass gob to a predetermined position. According to the present invention, the glass gob produced by the feeder mechanism is observed by a plurality of optical observing means spaced apart from each other during a falling process of the glass gob, and three-dimensional coordinates data of the entire surface of the glass gob is generated. Measurement data relating to at least one of a volume, a weight, a surface shape, a length, a thickness, an angle in a falling direction, and a cut surface shape of the glass gob is produced based on the three-dimensional coordinates data.

Abstract: Techniques for measuring the temperature at various locations through the thickness of glass products and to control the glass processing operation with the sensed temperature information are disclosed. Fluorescence emission of iron or cerium in glass is excited and imaged onto segmented detectors. Spatially resolved temperature data are obtained through correlation of the detected photoluminescence signal with location within the glass. In one form the detected photoluminescence is compared to detected scattered excitation light to determine temperature. Stress information is obtained from the time history of the temperature profile data and used to evaluate the quality of processed glass. A heating or cooling rate of the glass is also controlled to maintain a predetermined desired temperature profile in the glass.

Abstract: A method that accurately cuts mother rod lenses and increases production yield. The method includes arranging the mother rod lenses such that the optical axes of the mother rod lenses are parallel to one another, forming a lens block having perpendicular first and second side surfaces to integrally hold the predetermined mother rod lenses, arranging the lens block at a predetermined position, emitting laser beams respectively toward the first and second side surfaces, receiving reflection lights of the laser beams with first and second screens, respectively, adjusting the perpendicularity of the side surfaces relative to a cutting surface of the cutter such that the reflection lights of the side surfaces hit base positions on the first and second screen, and cutting the lens block and the mother rod lenses with the cutter to produce a plurality of rod lenses.

Abstract: Polarizing glass articles, optical isolators including polarizing glass articles, and methods of manufacturing polarizing glass articles and optical isolators are disclosed. The methods manufacture can be used to manufacture isolators exhibiting improved contrast ratio.

Abstract: Production of a glass body provided with a glass membrane is disclosed, for a chemical sensor, in which a displaceably mounted dip tube through which a gaseous medium can flow is dipped into a mass of molten glass and pulled out again to withdraw a gob which is then put into the desired shape by supply of the gaseous medium. The dip tube is inserted into a mount, which is connected to a displaceably supported carriage which is then displaced as far as a lower end position (P1), which is defined on the basis of an adjustment device such that when the carriage moves downward the dip tube dips into the molten glass, and upon the retraction of the carriage the dip tube withdraws a gob that is suitable for processing. After one or more withdrawals of a gob, the one-piece or multiple-piece adjustment device is readjusted manually or automatically by a certain amount, to compensate for changes in the level of the molten glass caused by the withdrawal of gobs.

Abstract: Methods for press molding a glass body, especially for optical applications, without additional grinding and polishing steps are described. One method is performed with a press mold having an upper mold part, a lower mold part and, if necessary or desired, a ring. In order to improve the quality of the products, especially glass bodies of larger diameters, a voltage is applied across the upper mold part and the lower mold part when the glass body is within the press mold and a pressing force is applied to the glass body when the temperature of the glass body matches the temperature of the press mold. Alternatively, in another method the press mold is cooled after it reaches a predetermined temperature and the pressing force is applied to the glass body in the mold after exceeding the sticking temperature (T0).

Abstract: A method for quality control of a body comprising an optical raw material and for optimizing its being cut apart into optical elements is described, in which optical discontinuities in the body are detected and the optical elements are cut from those body parts that have as few discontinuities as possible or are essentially free of discontinuities. The method is distinguished in that the three-dimensional shape of the body is detected by means of three-dimensional geometry recognition in a coordinate system, and the optical properties of the body are detected, in body planes located above the other and formed of pixels, by means of scanning radiation, and from that, a three-dimensional image of the optical properties of the body is generated. The optical elements obtained by the method are suitable for DUV lithography, among other purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed are silica structure crack detection methods and apparatuses particularly useful in sol-gel fabrication processes. A wave signature of a crack in the silica structure is sensed to indicate that cracking has occurred. Sensing may be by active or passive techniques and may include contact and non-contact methods of monitoring. Further disclosed is a silica structure fabrication process development method wherein cracks are monitored by sensing a wave signature of a crack to isolate a process step or steps in which cracking has occurred. Process parameters are then adjusted in the isolated step to diminish or eliminate cracking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measurement and simple and fixedly structured regulation of quality-determining parameters of the glass bath. According to the invention batch coverage, batch compression, the position of the thermal key points of heat sinks and sources, in particular the glass bath surface and the flames, are optically measured, compared as set values or in subsequent regulation as control parameters and adjusted by fuel actuation, fuel distribution, burner inlet pressure, implementation of additional heating or bubbling throughput.

Abstract: A glassware machine having a glassware mold and a movable plunger positioned adjacent to the glassware mold for pressing a glass gob in the glassware mold to form a glassware article. The glassware machine includes an electric motor operatively connected to the plunger to move the plunger with respect to the glassware mold to provide accurate pressing of the glass gob when forming the glassware article.

Abstract: There are the steps of conveying a glass plate by a roller conveyor including a plurality of rollers; and moving a roller in contact with the glass plate in conveyance to position the glass plate so as to conform a posture of the glass plate to a reference posture.

Abstract: A method of making a capillary splice includes applying pressure to a bore in a tube, applying heat to a portion of the tube to soften the portion of the tube, and forming a bubble within the bore in the heated portion under the influence of the pressure and heat. While forming the bubble, a diameter of the bore at the heated portion is measured to determine when the bubble has enlarged to a target size. When the bubble has enlarged to the target size, a force is applied along an axial axis of the tube to shape the bubble to a desired size.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for relaxing stress in glass, especially at the base of the neck of a television funnel, comprising at least the following steps: the glass which is to be relaxed is heated from an initial temperature T1 to a holding temperature T2; said glass is maintained at the holding temperature T2 for a period of time t2 until the glass has relaxed; the glass is cooled to a temperature T3 which is always less than T1; the temperature T2 is maintained, and the heating and cooling processes are carried out by means of a regulating circuit comprising at least one temperature sensor for detecting the temperature and one heating unit as a control element. The invention is characterised in that the heating unit comprises infrared beam emitters for heating the glass which is to be relaxed, said beams having a thermal delay time of less than 10 s, especially less than 5 s.

Abstract: Optical members, methods of manufacturing optical members and predicting the performance of optical members in optical systems using excimer lasers are disclosed. The methods can be used in designing optical systems using excimer lasers. The methods include measuring the wavefront change of samples of glass at the operating wavelength of the optical system.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing glass optical elements of desired surface precision and optical characteristics in which a softened glass material is press molded in a pressing mold of prescribed surface precision to transfer the molding surface of the pressing mold to the glass material. The method manufacturing glass optical elements of desired refractive index n3, by means of a press molding process comprising press molding a softened glass material in a pressing mold and cooling a molded element with a predetermined cooling rate.

Abstract: A candidate composition is prepared. For the candidate composition, the basicity was calculated. With reference to the basicity thus calculated, the fusibility with a mold is evaluated. With reference to the result of evaluation, the composition is determined. A glass material is prepared to have the determined composition, melted, and formed. Thus, a mold-press forming glass having the basicity adjusted to be equal to 11 or less is produced.

Abstract: A heat diffusion plate and a heating plate are placed in a heat treatment chamber in this order. The heating plate is used for preliminarily heating a glass substrate to a temperature in a range from 200° C. to 400° C. The glass substrate thus preliminarily heated is subjected to a heat treatment by flash light irradiation by a xenon flash lamp. The flash light irradiation makes it possible to uniformly heat an amorphous silicon film on the glass substrate, and consequently to be poly-crystallized. Thus, it becomes possible to provide a heat treatment technique capable of carrying out a uniform heat treatment on the silicon film on the glass substrate sufficiently.

Abstract: Techniques for measuring the temperature at various locations through the thickness of glass products and to control the glass processing operation with the sensed temperature information are disclosed. Fluorescence emission of iron or cerium in glass is excited and imaged onto segmented detectors. Spatially resolved temperature data are obtained through correlation of the detected photoluminescence signal with location within the glass. In one form the detected photoluminescence is compared to detected scattered excitation light to determine temperature. Stress information is obtained from the time history of the temperature profile data and used to evaluate the quality of processed glass. A heating or cooling rate of the glass is also controlled to maintain a predetermined desired temperature profile in the glass.

Abstract: Disclosed are silica structure crack detection methods and apparatuses particularly useful in sol-gel fabrication processes. A wave signature of a crack in the silica structure is sensed to indicate that cracking has occurred. Sensing may be by active or passive techniques and may include contact and non-contact methods of monitoring.

Abstract: A glassware manufacturing system includes at least one blank mold and a loading funnel for feeding molten glass gobs in sequence into the blank mold. A temperature sensor is operatively coupled to the external surface of the funnel for providing an electrical signal indicative of temperature at the funnel due to heat imparted thereto by the molten glass gobs falling through the funnel. Electronics are responsive to the sensor signal for indicating an increase in gob diameter as a function of an increase in temperature at the funnel external surface.

Abstract: A method that accurately cuts mother rod lenses and increases production yield. The method includes arranging the mother rod lenses such that the optical axes of the mother rod lenses are parallel to one another, forming a lens block having perpendicular first and second side surfaces to integrally hold the predetermined mother rod lenses, arranging the lens block at a predetermined position, emitting laser beams respectively toward the first and second side surfaces, receiving reflection lights of the laser beams with first and second screens, respectively, adjusting the perpendicularity of the side surfaces relative to a cutting surface of the cutter such that the reflection lights of the side surfaces hit base positions on the first and second screen, and cutting the lens block and the mother rod lenses with the cutter to produce a plurality of rod lenses.

Abstract: The invention relates to fused silica having low compaction under high energy irradiation, particularly adaptable for use in photolithography applications.

Abstract: In the method of making glass a glass melt is formed from starting materials in a melt apparatus, which includes at least one metal part having a metal surface in contact with the glass melt in a first region of the glass melt having a predetermined oxygen partial pressure. This method includes suppressing oxygen bubble formation in the glass melt at a contacting surface between the metal surface and the glass melt; immersing an electrode in a second region of the glass melt not including the first region, which has a lower oxygen partial pressure than in the first region, and electrically conductively connecting the electrode and the at least one metal part. An apparatus for performing the method is also described as well as glasses made by the method.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a base material for an optical fiber, includes steps of: holding a bar material by a support member; and adjusting to reduce a difference between an axis of the bar material and a rotational axis of the support member. Furthermore, an optical fiber base material grasping apparatus for holding a bar material having an axis, includes: a support member having a center axis, the support member being rotatable around the center axis; and an adjusting mechanism for reducing a difference between the axis of the bar material and the central axis of the support member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining a condition of aging for an optical waveguide grating. In this method, the aged deterioration curve of the optical waveguide grating is set as a form of C·t−&agr;, where t represents time, and &agr; and C represent parameters. Then, the condition of the aging is determined based on the aged deterioration curve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously producing a glassy or vitrified blast furnace slag, in which the slag is applied onto a cooling roll or onto articulately interlinked cooling plates conducted as an endless conveyor belt over deflection pulleys and wherein cooling of the slag is effected dry, wherein the liquid slag is supplied to an intermediate storage and from that intermediate storage is continuously applied onto the cooling plate belt, or cooling roll, via a distributing channel in parallel strands at temperatures of above 1350° C., whereupon the cooled slag is thrown off and comminuted or granulated dry in a crusher. The invention, furthermore, relates to an arrangement for carrying out the process.