Abstract: Glass-based articles are disclosed having a thickness in a range of from about 0.2 mm to about 4.0 mm, a first compressive stress layer extending from a first surface of the glass-based article to a first depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, a second compressive stress layer extending from a second surface of the glass-based article to a second depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface, and a central region extending from the first depth of compression to the second depth of compression and having a maximum tensile stress in a range of from about 0.5 MPa to about 20 MPa. Electronic devices comprising the glass-based articles and methods of making glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Glass-based articles comprise stress profiles providing improved fracture resistance. The glass-based articles herein provide high fracture resistance after multiple drops.

Abstract: A method of modifying a glass substrate comprises: generating surface features with peaks and valleys on a first surface of a glass substrate, the surface features providing a roughness average (Ra) within the range of 10 nm to 2000 nm; generating a region of the glass substrate that is under compressive stress, the region extending from the first surface to a depth of compression; and removing a portion of the region under compressive stress from the first surface into the depth of compression to define a new first surface still having surface features with peaks and valleys providing a roughness average (Ra) within the range of 10 nm to 2000 nm. Removing the portion of the region under compressive stress from the first surface into the depth of the compression to define a new first surface can comprise contacting the first surface with a light etchant.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing composite glass tube with a plurality of glass layers includes a plurality of cylindrical containers of increasing inner dimensions concentrically arranged and stationary. Each cylindrical container includes a side wall, bottom wall, and a delivery ring. Adjacent cylindrical containers define an annular chamber, a flow control region, and an annular flow channel therebetween. The apparatus includes at least one flow control valve positioned in the flow control region and translatable relative to the adjacent cylindrical containers. Translation of the flow control valves relative to the cylindrical containers is operable to change an impedance to flow of molten glass through the flow control region, thereby modifying an overall flow rate or circumferential distribution of molten glass from the cylindrical containers. Systems and methods for producing composite glass tube using the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A strengthened glass that does not exhibit frangible behavior when subjected to impact or contact forces, and a method of strengthening a glass. The glass may be strengthened by subjecting it to multiple, successive, ion exchange treatments. The multiple ion exchange treatments provide a local compressive stress maximum at a depth of the strengthened layer and a second local maximum at or near (e.g., within 10 ?m) the surface of the glass.

Abstract: A method for forming buried ion-exchanged waveguides involves a two-step process. In a first step a waveguide is formed at the surface of a substrate using an ion-exchange technique. After formation of the waveguide, a field-assisted annealing is carried out to move the waveguide away from the surface of the substrate so that it is buried in the substrate. Exemplary field-assisted annealing is carried out at a temperature close to the ion-exchange temperature ±10° C. to optimize results.

Abstract: Provided are a glass substrate for an information recording medium, which has both high strength and high flatness and can be manufactured at low cost, a method for manufacturing such glass substrate and an information recording medium using such glass substrate. The glass substrate for the information recording medium satisfies inequalities of 0.1?(W1?W3)/W2?5, where, W1 is an ion concentration at the center portion in the thickness direction of the glass substrate in a chemically reinforced region at the outer circumference end surface and the inner circumference end surface of the glass substrate and is the maximum value of K+ ion concentration, W2 is a Na+ ion concentration at a position where the K+ ion concentration is maximum, and W3 is a K+ ion concentration in a glass substrate region not chemically reinforced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mother glass composition for gradient-index lens, from which a lead-free Li-based gradient-index lens that is excellent in weather resistance, in particular weather resistance in the presence of water, can be manufactured. The mother glass composition includes the following components, indicated by mol %: 40?SiO2?65; 1?TiO2?10; 0.1?MgO?22; 0.15?ZnO?15; 2?Li2O?18; 2?Na2O?20; 0?B2O3?20; 0?Al2O3?10; 0?K2O?3; 0?Cs2?O?3; 0?Y2O3?5; 0?ZrO2?2; 0?Nb2O5?5; 0?In2O3?5; 0?La2O3?5; and 0?Ta2O5?5. The mother glass composition further includes at least two oxides selected from CaO, SrO, and BaO each in a range of 0.1 mol % to 15 mol %. The total of MgO+ZnO is greater than or equal to 2 mol %. The molar ratio of ZnO/(MgO+ZnO) is in a range of 0.07 to 0.93. The total of Li2O+Na2O is in a range of 6 mol % to 38 mol %. The total of Y2O3+ZrO2+Nb2O5+In2O3+La2O3+Ta2O5 is in a range of 0 mol % to 11 mol %.

Abstract: A treatment method for an optical fibre including the steps of exposing the fibre to an atmosphere containing deuterium at a given temperature, concentration and pressure, measuring the attenuation in the fibre as a function of time at least one wavelength, during the exposure of the fibre to an atmosphere containing deuterium, identifying an attenuation maximum after an exposure duration, and stopping the exposure of the fibre to the atmosphere containing deuterium when said duration has elapsed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and device for manufacturing an optical preform. The method includes supplying dopant-containing glass-forming gases to the interior of a hollow glass substrate tube. Furthermore, the supply flow of dopant-containing glass-forming gases includes a main gas flow and one or more secondary gas flows. The secondary gas flows are divided into subflows, which are supplied to the interior of the hollow glass substrate tube together with the main gas flow. The method further includes effecting deposition of glass layers on the interior surface of the hollow glass substrate tube.

Abstract: A gradient-index rod lens is provided that is excellent in yield. The gradient-index rod lens has a core/clad structure and is obtained by providing a mother glass rod, which includes a core glass mother composition and a clad glass mother composition, with a refractive index distribution through ion exchange. The clad and the core each contains an alkali metal oxide but are substantially free from lead. The clad and the core each contains an alkali metal oxide and has a basic composition including components other than the alkali metal oxide, but they are different from each other in the basic composition. The clad glass mother composition has a higher thermal expansion coefficient and glass-transition temperature than those of the core glass mother composition. The difference of the thermal expansion coefficient between the clad glass mother composition and the core glass mother composition is larger than 2×10?7/° C. but smaller than 20×10?7/° C.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating extra-mural absorption elements adapted for incorporation in an image-conducting optical fiber array include fabricating various constituent components to be included in an optical fiber bundle from one or more reducible-ion-containing glasses. Various components fabricated from a reducible-ion-containing glass are selectively exposed to a reducing atmosphere such that they are reduction-blackened prior to at least one heating and drawing step relative to the bundle into which they are to be fusedly incorporated. Such “pre-blackened” components function as extra-mural absorption media throughout the length of an image-conducting optical fiber array and alternatively include fiber claddings and substitutional and interstitial extra-mural absorption elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-enhancing component and a fabrication method thereof by using the focused-ion-beam. In the present invention, the surface plasmon polariton structure is coated on the surface of the optical fiber so as to form the light-enhancing component. When the light passes through the optical fiber, the luminous flux transmitted through the aperture on the surface plasmon polariton is enhanced, and the light beam smaller than the diffraction limitation can be transmitted to the far-field, i.e. the nano-optic sword is formed. The light-enhancing component of the present invention can be used for the optical data storage, the optical microscopy, the biomedical detections and the lithography to perform the extra optical resolutions beyond the diffraction limitation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a waveguide using an ion exchange process. The present invention controls the refractive index and the thickness of a surface layer on a glass substrate using an ion exchange process, forms the waveguide pattern on the surface layer by means of photolithography and etching process and coats with materials having the refractive index same to or lower than that of the glass substrate to form a cladding layer. Accordingly, the present invention can manufacture a planar waveguide, which is excellent in dimension control and reproducibility and has a sharp step wall.

Abstract: A laser processing method for removing glass by melting, evaporation or ablation from sheet-like glass substrate for forming microscopic concavities and convexities. Diffraction grating and planar microlens array obtained thereby.

Abstract: A method of forming a grating in waveguide uses an ion exchange process to provide a waveguide region within and clad by a surrounding substrate and through an ion exchange process diffusing into the substrate an ion, such as such as Ag+, that is photosensitive and that provides a refractive index difference from adjacent non-diffused regions of the substrate. After the diffusion process, the step of exposing at least some of the waveguide region to light having a suitable intensity and duration to provide a permanent index change within regions of the waveguide region to form a grating is performed.

Abstract: A method that provides a new way to embed rare earth fluorides into silicate (or germania-doped silica) glasses by means of solution chemistry. Embedding rare earth fluorides into a silicate (or germania-doped silica) glass comprises the following steps. First, form a porous silicate core preform. Second, submerge the preform into an aqueous solution of rare earth ions. Third, remove the preform from the solution and wash the outside surfaces of the preform. Fourth, submerge the preform into an aqueous solution of a fluorinating agent to precipitate rare earth trifluorides from the solution and deposit in the pores or on the wall of the preform. This is followed by drying.

Abstract: A wavelength selective optical fiber coupler having various applications in the field of optical communications is disclosed. The coupler is composed of dissimilar waveguides in close proximity. A light induced, permanent index of refraction grating is recorded in the coupler waist The grating filters and transfers energy within a particular range of wavelengths from a first waveguide to a second waveguide. Transversely asymmetric gratings provide an efficient means of energy transfer. The coupler can be used to combine or multiplex a plurality of lasers operating at slightly different wavelengths into a single fiber. Other embodiments such as a dispersion compensator and gain flattening filter are disclosed.

Abstract: A non-phase separable glass material for fabricating a GRIN lens comprises 5-20 mole % boron oxide and ratio R of network modifiers in mole % to the network former boron oxide in mole % is in the range of about 1-1.5. The melted preform of such glass material is extruded through an opening to form a glass rod where the extrusion process eliminates bubbles that may be present in the preform. Neodymium oxide may be added in the frit material for forming the preform to reduce friction forces in the extrusion process and reduces the stress in the glass rod. Centerless grinding may be performed to control the diameter and roughness of the surface of the rod to control the diffusion parameters during the subsequent ion-exchange.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for making integrated optical components having strip waveguides (11 to 15; 21 to 2M) and a layer waveguide 53. A mask 4 having a lattice structure 3i functions to generate the layer waveguide 53 via ion exchange. The method of the invention is suitable for making couplers having free spaces with low attenuation and is especially suitable for arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers. The invention also is directed to an integrated optical component made pursuant to the method of the invention.