Abstract: A combiner, that optically combines input fibers that propagate pumping light launched from pumping light sources and a relay fiber connected to an amplification fiber, includes: a bundle portion where the input fibers are bundled together; and a melting portion where the input fibers are melted and integrated together. In an interface between the relay fiber and the melting portion, the input fibers are fused together without a gap between the input fibers.

Abstract: A twin fiber laser arrangement is configured with active and passive fibers supporting respective signal and pump lights and a reflective coating surrounding the fibers along a section of the arrangement. The passive fiber has regions covered by respective protective layer and coating-free regions alternating with the layer covered regions, wherein the reflective coating is configured to overlap the protective layer which shields the end of the reflective coating from high power pump light.

Abstract: A single-mode optical fiber for guiding an optical signal, wherein the core region is capable of guiding an optical signal in a fundamental core mode at an optical signal wavelength. A cladding region is arranged to surround the core region and includes an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region. The inner cladding region includes a background material and a plurality of inner cladding features arranged in the background material, wherein a plurality of the plurality of inner cladding features are of a first type of feature that includes an air hole surrounded by a high-index region comprising a high-index material that is larger than the refractive index of the inner cladding background material.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing, a light emitting module, a light sensor and a lens. The light emitting module is disposed inside the housing and configured to emit a light out of the housing. The light sensor is disposed inside the housing and configured to receive an environmental light from outside of the housing. The lens, coupled with the housing, includes a first transparent portion, a second transparent portion and an opaque portion. The first transparent portion allows the light to be emitted out of the housing. The second transparent portion allows the environmental light to pass through, so that the light sensor receives the environmental light. The opaque portion is disposed between the first transparent portion and the second transparent portion. The first transparent portion, the second transparent portion and the opaque portion are integrated into a whole and made of the same material.

Abstract: The specification describes an optical fiber color coding scheme that uses two colors, where each of the two colors constitutes one half of the surface of the optical fiber coating. If a longitudinal portion of the coating is considered a hollow cylinder, then each of the two colors is a hollow hemi-cylinder. To ensure that each of the two colors is always plainly visible to an installer, the two colors are formed with a twist. Using two colors for coding substantially increases the number of available unique color codes. Coloring the entire coating reduces the chances of error in identifying the optical fibers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing microchannel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first step of fabricating a multifiber having a polygonal cross-section by bundling a plurality of fibers; a second step of fabricating a microchannel plate base material by use of a plurality of the multifibers; and a third step of fabricating a microchannel plate out of the microchannel plate base material. The plurality of fibers include: a first fiber whose predetermined-thickness outer circumferential part surrounding a center part including a core is formed of a predetermined-component glass material; and a second fiber whose both center part including a core and outer circumferential part surrounding the same are formed of the predetermined-component glass material. The second fiber is arranged at, at least, one corner of a polygonal cross-section of the multifiber.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a preform 10P for a coupled multi-core fiber including: an arranging process P1 for arranging a plurality of core glass bodies 11R and a clad glass body 12R in such a way that the plurality of core glass bodies 11R are surrounded by the clad glass body 12R; and a collapsing process P2 for collapsing a gap between the core glass bodies 11R and the clad glass body 12R, wherein the respective core glass bodies 11R have outer regions 16 having a predetermined thickness from the periphery surfaces and made of silica glass undoped with germanium, and the clad glass body 12R is made of silica glass having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the outer regions of the core glass bodies 11R.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a holey fiber includes forming a preform and drawing the preform. The forming includes arranging a core rod at a center of a jacket tube and arranging capillary tubes having hollows around the core rod inside the jacket tube. The drawing includes heat melting the preform in a heating furnace while controlling at least one of a gas pressure to be applied to insides of the hollows of the capillary tubes, a temperature of the heating furnace, and a drawing speed, based on a structure of air holes to be formed in a first layer from the core region.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes an outer periphery formed into a shape that configures the fiber to interlock with the other fibers with complementary shapes. Methods and systems for fabricating such interlocking fibers are also disclosed. In one example, a method includes drawing a first optical fiber from a preform and forming an outer periphery of the first optical fiber into a shape that configures the first optical fiber to be interlocked with a second optical fiber comprising an outer periphery formed into a shape that is complementary to the shape of the first optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for producing a drawn glass member includes a step of thermally softening and drawing a first end of a first glass base material, and a step of thermally bonding together a second end of the first glass base material, having the first end thermally softened and drawn, with one end of a second glass base material to form a thermally bonded portion. The step of thermally bonding together the second end of the first glass base material with the one end of the second glass base material is executed, while pressing, along a direction of the drawing, a side plane of at least one of the first and second glass base materials including the thermally bonding portion so as to keep a cross-sectional shape of at least one of the first and second glass base materials.

Abstract: A method for fabricating composite materials/devices comprising stacking together fibers or rods of at least two different materials and drawing the fibers or rods. Using this process, devices having nanoscale features can be readily fabricated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to, for example, a method of easily manufacturing an optical fiber having any refractive index profile with fewer kinds of rods, and an optical fiber is manufactured by preparing a plurality of rods including at least two kinds of rods having different refractive indexes from each other, bundling rods selected from the plurality of rods to construct two or more rod units, producing a preform including a region in which the two or more rod units are combined so as to have a cross-sectional shape having rotational symmetry of order 2 or more, and manufacturing an optical fiber by drawing the preform.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for tapering an optical fiber segment having an initial radial profile to substantially conform to a pre-specifiable desired radial profile for controlling mutually coordinated elongation and softening of different axial portions of the segment according to control parameters derivable based on a normalized axial coordinate reference by which points of the initial profile map to corresponding points of the desired profile. The softening and/or elongation may progress substantially in either a step-wise, time-discrete manner or time-continuously. The invention is useful for forming tapered fused couplers as well as for tapering individual fibers.

Abstract: An artificial birefringent element having a repeating unit comprising at least first and second layers alternatively stacked, the first and second layers being formed of materials having different refractive indices.

Abstract: In a technique for fabricating a birefringent optical fiber, a preform rod is fabricated having a longitudinal axis, an outer peripheral surface, and a selected refractive index variation. At least one longitudinal groove is cut into the preform rod through its outer peripheral surface, wherein the at least one longitudinal groove has a cross sectional area equal to that of a respective birefringence-inducing stress element to be loaded into the groove, such that when the stress element is loaded into the groove, a portion of the stress element protrudes outside of the circumference of the preform. A respective birefringence-inducing stress element is loaded into the at least one longitudinal groove. A preform assembly is created by positioning the loaded preform rod within an overcladding tube. The preform assembly is drawn into optical fiber.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a collimator assembly is provided. The method includes placing a first core element within a first center collimator path of a first collimator tube to create a first base-tube couple. A couple cross-section of the first base-tube couple is reduced such that the first base-tube couple becomes a first single-fiber fiber. The first single-fiber fiber is assembled into a collimator group. The first core element is dissolved such that a first hollow fiber is generated.

Abstract: A multicore optical fibre includes a microstructured cladding material formed from a plurality of cladding elements arranged in an array and each cladding element comprising at least two different materials each having different refractive indices, and a plurality of core elements formed within interstitial regions between adjacent cladding elements. A fibre so formed may have a large number of cores per unit cross-sectional area as compared with prior art fibres, and thus allows the fibre to have relatively short distances between adjacent cores for a given required inter-core isolation. A fibre so formed has utility in many areas requiring high core density, such as inter-chip optical communication, or optical communication between circuit boards.

Abstract: A method of making an article having channels therethrough includes the steps of: providing a ductile structure defining at least one macro-channel, the macro-channel containing a salt; drawing the ductile structure in the axial direction of the at least one macro-channel to reduce diameter of the macro-channel; and contacting the salt with a solvent to dissolve the salt to produce an article having at least one microchannel.

Abstract: An optical fiber arrangement has at least two optical fiber sections, each optical fiber section defining an outside longitudinally extending surface. The outside longitudinally extending surfaces are in optical contact with each other. The invention further provides for an amplifying optical device have an optical fiber arrangement as just described, and a pump source. The amplifying optical device is configured such that the pump source illuminates the amplifying optical fiber. A amplifying arrangement is also disclosed. The amplifying arrangement includes a plurality of amplifying optical devices as just described, and each amplifier also has at least one input fiber and a first multiplexer connected to the input fiber. Each amplifier is configured such that at least one of the amplifying optical fibers is connected to the first multiplexer. The amplifying arrangement also has a second multiplexer connected to each of the first multiplexers.

Abstract: A method for fabricating composite materials/devices comprising stacking together fibers or rods of at least two different materials, and drawing the fibers or rods. Using this process, devices having nanoscale features can be readily fabricated.

Abstract: Low-loss large diameter optical waveguide attachment devices (i.e., pigtails) and methods and systems of making the same are provided. The optical waveguide attachment devices may include an optical fiber (or other type waveguide) embedded in a larger diameter carrier tube. According to some embodiments, multiple laser beams (from one or more laser) may be utilized to uniformly heat the circumference of the carrier tube. According to some embodiments a maria may be formed in one end of the capillary tube to facilitate optical waveguide insertion and/or provide strain relief.

Abstract: Included among the many structures described herein are photonic bandgap fibers designed to provide a desired dispersion spectrum. Additionally, designs for achieving wide transmission bands and lower transmission loss are also discussed. For example, in some fiber designs, smaller dimensions of high index material in the cladding and large core size provide small flat dispersion over a wide spectral range. In other examples, the thickness of the high index ring-shaped region closest to the core has sufficiently large dimensions to provide negative dispersion or zero dispersion at a desired wavelength. Additionally, low index cladding features distributed along concentric rings or circles may be used for achieving wide bandgaps.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an optical fiber preform from which an optical fiber having the desired characteristics can easily be produced.

Abstract: A mesh (36) is placed around a bundle (32) of fused glass fibers. The bundle is then immersed in a leaching bath (44). The ends of the bundle are protected from the bath fluid by furrules (34). Some of the glass of the bundle is leached out, so as to provide a flexible fiber bundle.

Abstract: A method of making a fiberoptic light guide utilizes a hollow glass cladding blackened by chemical reduction. The cladding has a predetermined lead content and is heated to an elevated temperature in an atmosphere of substantially 100% hydrogen gas in a furnace. The blackening step is accomplished before or after a bundle of optic fibers is inserted within the cladding and is drawn to produce a fused fiberoptic rod. The blackening step provides the cladding with a black opaque nature that inhibits the transmission of light transversely through the cladding.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a multicore large diameter optical waveguide having a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, two or more inner cores, a cladding surrounding the two or more inner cores, and one or more side holes for reducing the bulk modulus of compressibility and maintaining the anti-buckling strength of the large diameter optical waveguide. The method features the steps of: assembling a preform for drawing a multicore large diameter optical waveguide having a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, by providing an outer tube having a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters and arranging two or more preform elements in relation to the outer tube; heating the preform; and drawing the large diameter optical waveguide from the heated preform. In one embodiment, the method also includes the step of arranging at least one inner tube inside the outer tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technology for obtaining a large area fiber plate suited for downsizing a radiation imaging apparatus and reducing its cost and excellent of workability in the manufacturing process. A multi-fiber is manufactured by bundling and drawing a plurality of fibers to take a polygonal shape in section so that the multi-fibers can be air-tightly stacked without any air gap, a multi-fiber aggregate is manufactured by bundling and drawing the multi-fibers to take other polygonal shape in section that enables air-tight stacking with no air gap so as to be analogous to or different from the one polygonal shape in section, and there is manufactured a fiber plate configured by air-tightly bonding the multi-fiber aggregates to each other with a bonding agent without the air gap in a state of keeping the one or other polygonal shape in section after being drawn.

Abstract: A microchannel plate (P) for receiving photoelectrons includes a plate-like substrate web (W) formed from a plurality of micro-tubules (10) of a single type of cladding glass (12) and defining a pair of opposite faces (14a and 14b). The substrate web (W) further includes a plurality of microchannel passages (16) extending between the opposite faces (14a and 14b) and having openings (18a and 18b, respectively) in both of the opposite faces (14a and 14b). The microchannel openings (18) have funnel-like entries or openings (20) formed in the substrate web (W) with at least one of the opposite faces (14).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for manufacturing microstructured optical fibers having an arbitrary core size and shape. According to one embodiment of the invention, a method of fabricating a photonic band gap fiber includes the steps of forming an assembly of stacked elongate elements, the assembly including a first set of elongate elements, the first set of elongate elements defining and surrounding a core volume, and a second set of elongate elements surrounding the first set of elongate elements, wherein the core volume defined by the first set of elongate elements has a shape that is not essentially an integer multiple of the external shape of the elongate elements of the second set of elongate elements; including the assembly in a photonic band gap fiber preform; and drawing the photonic band gap fiber preform into the photonic band gap fiber.

Abstract: A method for producing fiber optic devices having improved intrinsic resistance to external environmental conditions and a fiber optic device made my the method are disclosed. The fabrication method produces an optic device that is treated with deuterium. The method includes a step for treating and/or making optical devices in the presence of a flame produced by the combustion of deuterium gas or a mixture including deuterium.

Abstract: A micro-structured optical fiber precursor 1 is made by size reducing a multiple core optical fiber having solid multiple cores or a multiple core optical fiber preform O having multiple solid core preforms C. A fiber fuse is induced in at least one of the cores 2 of the precursor 1. The effect of the fiber fuse is to consume the core 2 along the whole length of the fiber or to consume periodically spaced lengths of core 2 along the whole length of the fiber.

Abstract: Multiplexing and demultiplexing single-mode fiber optic couplers are fabricated by aligning two single-mode fibers which have been stripped of their protective plastic jackets and cleaned so that they are held in parallel contact with each other, and then fusing these fibers to achieve a desired fusion profile and elongating the fused fibers to achieve a match point between the wavelength period and the polarization phase. The elongation process is interrupted and resumed as required to obtain a precise match point required to produce the desired multiplexing or demultiplexing coupler.

Abstract: A method for producing fiber optic devices having improved intrinsic resistance to external environmental conditions and a fiber optic device made my the method are disclosed. The fabrication method produces an optic device that is treated with deuterium. The method includes a step for treating and/or making optical devices in the presence of a flame produced by the combustion of deuterium gas or a mixture including deuterium.

Abstract: A mesh (36) is placed around a bundle (32) of fused glass fibers. The bundle is then immersed in a leaching bath (44). The ends of the bundle are protected from the bath fluid by furrules (34). Some of the glass of the bundle is leached out, so as to provide a flexible fiber bundle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarization maintaining optical fiber of which polarization crosstalk characteristic is not deteriorated after fusing two or more polarization maintaining optical fibers, and provides a method for producing a preform thereof. The polarization maintaining optical fiber includes two stress applying portions disposed in a cladding around a core, in which an angle formed by a line connecting the center of one of the stress applying portions with the center of the core and a line connecting the center of the other stress applying portion with the center of the core is 3 degrees or less. The preform is produced by forming one insertion hole in a cladding element and then rotating the preform 180 degrees around a core element without moving the drilling tool, followed by forming the other insertion hole in the cladding element and then inserting stress applying elements into the insertion holes.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical fiber pumped through the cladding, including: a core having an optical index n1, around the core, a first cladding having an index n2 lower than n1, and around the first cladding, a second cladding having an index n3 lower than n2, characterized in that the interface between the first cladding and the second cladding has a substantially polygonal cross section. The invention also concerns a method of fabricating an optical fiber pumped through the cladding, characterized in that it consists in executing the following steps: placing around a central optical preform including a core having an index n1 surrounded by a first cladding having an index n2 lower than n1, a plurality of rods having an index n3 lower than n2, and drawing the optical preform and the rods in a vacuum to obtain an optical fiber including a core and two claddings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple method for fabricating fiber-optic glass preforms having complex refractive index configurations and/or dopant distributions in a radial direction with a high degree of accuracy and precision. The method teaches bundling together a plurality of glass rods of specific physical, chemical, or optical properties and wherein the rod bundle is fused in a manner that maintains the cross-sectional composition and refractive-index profiles established by the position of the rods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a multicore large diameter optical waveguide having a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, two or more inner cores, a cladding surrounding the two or more inner cores, and one or more side holes for reducing the bulk modulus of compressibility and maintaining the anti-buckling strength of the large diameter optical waveguide. The method features the steps of: assembling a preform for drawing a multicore large diameter optical waveguide having a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, by providing an outer tube having a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters and arranging two or more preform elements in relation to the outer tube; heating the preform; and drawing the large diameter optical waveguide from the heated preform. In one embodiment, the method also includes the step of arranging at least one inner tube inside the outer tube.

Abstract: A fused optical coupler comprising a polarization maintaining fiber and a standard fiber is provided. The cross-section of the said standard fiber is smaller than the cross-section of the polarization maintaining fiber in the area of fusion of the coupler. The internal forces in the coupling area are sufficiently low to provide an extinction ratio of more than 20 dB at the output of the polarization maintaining fiber.

Abstract: A method of making a fiberoptic dental light probe having a bent distal end with a tapered tip. The method includes the step of heating just the mid-section of a vertically-disposed, solid, cylindrical fused fiberoptic rod and permitting the midsection to stretch and thin under its own weight by the force of gravity. Local heating of the mid-section is accomplished with a high-temperature small flame, such as the flame emitted by a gas-fired blow torch. The heat is removed when the rod stretches to a predetermined length, and then after the mid-section cools, the mid-section is cut to produce a pair of identical tapered tip probes. Thereafter, the distal ends of the probes can be bent to a desired angle and the ends of the probes can be cut to size, ground, and polished. A unique probe configuration is also provided.

Abstract: A microporous structure can be formed from ductile material such as glass into an axially extended outer wall surrounding a plurality of singular micro-passages surrounded by the outer wall to provide an open area that extends continuously over the length of the outer wall. The diameter of the micro-passages will usually not exceed 25 &mgr;m and are more in range of from 0.5 to 5 &mgr;m. The structure is particularly useful as frits for the containment of packing in capillaries for chromatograph applications and more generally as flow restrictors. Continuous open diameters of the micro-passages have a relatively straight flow path that reduces pressure drop relative to the random arrangement of other frits while still providing the desired containment.

Abstract: Methods of bonding glass articles that are subsequently drawn into sheets, rods, fibers, etc. are disclosed. Bonding is achieved without use of adhesives or high temperature fusion. The invention is particularly useful for bonding optical fiber preforms prior to drawing of the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method of producing an all glass, non-porous, multi-component photonic band-gap fiber is provided. The fiber is formed by creating a preform having a plurality of low refractive index glass rods and a plurality of high refractive index glass rods arranged in a pre-determined pattern between the low refractive index glass rods. The preform is heated and drawn to form the non-porous photonic band-gap fiber.

Abstract: An add/drop filter for optical wave energy incorporates a Bragg grating in a very narrow waist region defined by merged lengths of elongated optical fibers. Light is propagated into the waist region via adiabatically tapered fibers and is transformed from two longitudinally adjacent fibers into two orthogonal modes within the air-glass waveguide of the waist and reflected off the grating from one fiber into the other. The geometry of the waist region is such that the reflected drop wavelength is polarization independent, without lossy peaks in the wavelength band of interest. Additionally, back reflection are shifted out of the wavelength band of interest. High strength gratings are written by photosensitizing the waist region fibers by constantly in-diffusing pressurized hydrogen or deuterium. For narrow spectral bandwidth gratings, dimensional variations must be minimized or compensated, and the grating is apodized by both a.c. and d.c. variations in writing beams at a net constant power.

Abstract: Methods of bonding glass articles that are subsequently drawn into sheets, rods, fibers, etc. are disclosed. Bonding is achieved without use of adhesives or high temperature fusion. The invention is particularly useful for bonding optical fiber preforms prior to drawing of the optical fiber.

Abstract: A preform having an array of axially extending holes is reduced in diameter for adjusting a spacing between the holes as well as the hole diameters to desired dimensions. Sections of the reduced preform having the desired dimensions are removed for supporting arrays of optical fibers in predetermined patterns. Tips of the fibers are mounted flush with a mounting surface of one of the preform sections, and the preform section is mounted together with a common support for an array of optical conveyances arranged in the same pattern for collectively coupling the array of fibers to the array of optical conveyances. Various active and passive optical components including VCSELs, MEMS, and even other fiber arrays can be among the optical conveyances collectively coupled to the fiber array.

Abstract: In an optical fiber coupler making apparatus which makes an optical fiber coupler by thermally fusing a plurality of optical fibers together by use of a heater and then elongating thus thermally fused part, the heater comprises a heating element which is made of zirconia and which has a slit for containing the optical fibers. The inner face of the heating element is preferentially heated due to a characteristic of its material. Consequently, if optical fibers are contained in the fiber receiving slit, then they can be thermally fused at a sufficiently high temperature in a short period of time, whereby reducing mingling of impurities into the optical fiber coupler. Therefore, the heating element made of zirconia is effective as means for preventing impurities from mingling from the outside thereof. Also, performances of the heating element can be maintained over a long period of time even if the optical fibers are thermally fused at a high temperature.

Abstract: Method and system for constructing and testing integrity of a combination of first and second spaced apart optical fiber couplers that each receive and hold two fibers. A segment of each fiber in a separation region between the couplers is heated, twisted and elongated by selected amounts to form a fiber complex, located between the first and second couplers. The fibers in the second coupler are subjected to further controlled elongation. A spectrum analyzer receives a common light beam passed through each of the two fibers and fiber couplers and measures successive maximum and minimum values of an interferometric variable IF and pit-to-pit or peak-to-peak spacing of the IF values as fiber segment elongation is varied.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a photonic band gap fiber including the steps of etching a preform and then drawing the preform into a photonic band gap fiber. Glass tubes are bundled and then formed into a photonic crystal perform having a number of passageways by reducing the cross-section of the bundle. One of the passageways is enlarged by flowing an etchant through it. After cleaning, the band gap fiber is made from the etched photonic preform, for example, by drawing.

Abstract: In a method of elongating a glass preform comprising the steps of holding both ends of the glass preform 1a with a first holding section 2 and a second holding section 3, respectively; moving the first holding section 2 and the second holding section 3 in a longitudinal direction of the glass preform 1a with the moving speed of the first holding section 2 faster than that of the second holding section 3 and, at the same time, heating and softening the glass preform 1a by a heating section 4 successively; and elongating the glass preform 1a by a tensile force applied thereto, so as to form an elongated body 1c; an electric furnace is employed in the heating section 4; and said method further comprising the steps of setting a reference value R1 with respect to an outside diameter at a specific position 1d in a tapered region 1b in the glass preform 1a in the process of elongating; acquiring an actually measured value R2 at the specific position 1d; and controlling the moving speed of the first holding section 2