Abstract: In a vacuum belt filter, in order to allow for additional washing of filter cake, a plate is mounted in an inclined disposition above the upper run of the belt with its lower end directed upstream so that as the belt is progressed filter cake moves up over said plate. At the top of the plate, the cake drops into a receptacle and is washed and reslurried by liquid from jets before being returned to the belt downstream, preferably immediately below, the inclined plate. As an alternative to immediate return to the belt, reslurried cake may be transported from the receptacle to a reservoir for further washing or prolonged leaching before it is returned.

Abstract: It is desirable to be able to treat medium consistency (e.g. about 8-12% by weight) paper pulp suspensions with treatment liquid (e.g. a wash liquid), and to thicken the pulp to about 30-50% consistency at the same time. A moving (e.g. rotating) channel is defined by a root wall and upstanding side walls--some or all of which are perforated--and treatment liquid is introduced by an arcuately elongated distributor with perforated side walls into the center of the pulp within the channel, filtrate flowing out through the perforated walls. A pivoted wall portion of the stationary housing of the treatment device restricts outflow of the thickened pulp cake from the device, the cake flowing between a doctor blade and the pivoted wall portion.

Abstract: The fibers of recycled paper are cleaned by agitating the slurry containing the fibers to maintain the fibers in suspension, and contacting the slurry with wash water to remove ink and other contaminants. The apparatus includes a passageway having screens forming opposite sides of the passageway. Agitators are within the passageway, and create enough turbulence to prevent fibers from settling or agglomerating. Channels adjacent to each screen carry wash water, and pump pressure creates a pressure differential across the screens to cause the wash water to contact the slurry and to be removed from the passageway.

Abstract: A method and system for cooling pulp discharged from a batch type digester and recovering heat from it. A stream of pulp together with spent cooking liquor is discharged from a batch digester to a diffuser and passed through the diffuser at substantially the same pressure as that of the digester. The pulp stream is caused to flow between screens and hot spent cooking liquor is displaced with cooler liquor flowing across the pulp stream thereby lowering the temperature of the pulp stream. The displayed cooking liquor and the pulp is withdrawn from the diffuser.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of a material, in particular a web of material or pulp, made to pass between at least two endless permeable belts, in particular screen belts or the like conveying means, in particular for the displacement washing of a filter cake or for washing fibrous matter, the material being passed between the belts along at least one, in particular at least two containers serving for the supply or discharge of a treatment medium. The object is in particular to reduce the construction length of such apparatus and to bring about a particular increase of the washing effect or other treatment effect, and this if possible without applying a vacuum.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating, e.g., washing or filtering, fiber suspensions having a consistency of 8-20%, the apparatus including at least on rotatable filtering surface, an arrangement for feeding the suspension to a treatment region of the apparatus, and an arrangement for discharging the suspension from the treatment region, the feeding arrangement including at least one pressure chamber for fluidizing the suspension, at least one inlet duct for introducing the suspension to the chamber, and at least one feed duct for transferring the suspension from the pressure chamber to the treatment region.

Abstract: A pressure diffuser includes in a liquid-tight pressurized vessel a vertical screen and which screen and vessel wall define first and second interior volumes for transmitting pulp from a pulp inlet to a pulp outlet and receiving displacement (e.g. wash or bleach) liquid transmitted from headers through the pulp. The screen ends have different cross-sectional areas, and quick movement of the screen effects backflushing. The volumes are segregated by a vertical, generally cylindrical, screen. A chamber is provided in communication on opposite sides of a piston therein with the pulp adjacent the pulp inlet and the extracted liquid. By displacing the piston immediately prior to rapidly moving the screen vertically to effect backflushing through the screen, the pulp pressure on the screen is being reduced and at the same time a volume is made available adjacent the pulp inlet in the chamber thus avoiding pressure shocks and compaction of the pulp adjacent the inlet caused by the movement of the screen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the treatment of a material, in particular a web or material or pulp, which is made to pass between at least two endless, permeable belts, for instance screen belts or the like conveying means, in particular for the displacement washing of a filter cake or for washing fibrous matter, the material being made to pass between the belts along containers serving for the introduction or discharge of a treatment medium, for instance a wash liquid. The main object is to save energy and surface space requirement in the washing of filter cakes or the like, to reduce the production expenditure for such treatment devices and to increase the washing effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus or device for the treatment of a material, in particular a web of material or pulp, made to pass between at least two endless permeable belts, for instance screen belts or the like conveying means, preferably for the displacement washing of a filter cake or for washing fibrous matter, the material being passed between the belts along at least two containers serving for the supply of a treatment medium, for instance a washing fluid, a bleaching agent or other chemicals. It is the object of the invention to provide a compact apparatus of this type at simultaneous good effectiveness.

Abstract: A pressure diffuser includes in a liquid-tight pressurized vessel a vertical screen and which screen and vessel wall define first and second interior volumes for transmitting pulp from a pulp inlet to a pulp outlet and receiving displacement (e.g. wash or bleach) liquid transmitted from headers through the pulp. The screen ends have different cross-sectional areas, and quick movement of the screen effects backflushing. The volumes are segregated by a vertical, generally cylindrical, screen. A chamber is provided in communication on opposite sides of a piston therein with the pulp adjacent the pulp inlet and the extracted liquid. By displacing the piston immediately prior to rapidly moving the screen vertically to effect backflushing through the screen, the pulp pressure on the screen is being reduced and at the same time a volume is made available adjacent the pulp inlet in the chamber thus avoiding pressure shocks and compaction of the pulp adjacent the inlet caused by the movement of the screen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming on the outside of a permeable, rotatable drum by feeding a pulp slurry through a mat forming and pressing zone, followed by a mat washing zone. In the mat washing zone, the mat is washed with liquid from the first source and then washed with liquid from a second source.A Washing baffle has a first portion extending from its upstream end partially along the outside surface of the drum and slightly spaced from the outside surface of the drum. This first portion is followed by a second portion extending partially along the outside surface of the drum and spaced further from the outside surface of the drum than the first portion. A valve is provided for controlling the velocity of liquid through a slot into a circumferential space separating the washing baffle from the drum.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating fibre material containing liquid, comprising two rotating drums (2, 3), an endless driven belt (17) pervious to liquid and gas and extending between and passing around the surfaces (8, 9) of the drums, a feeding device (10) for the supply and a discharging device (13) for the removal of the fibre material, at least one container for collecting liquid, the liquid being displaced from the fibre material through the endless driven belt (17), a continuous wall (18) impervious to liquid and gas and extending along a main part of and at a distance from the belt (17) from the feeding device (10) to the discharging device (13) in such a manenr that a continuous space (19) is defined for the fibre material between said wall (18) and the belt (17), and at least a part of the space (19), seen in the direction of movement of the belt (17), forms one or more treating zones where liquid is displaced from the fibre web through the movable belt (17) to one or more containers.

Abstract: The screens of a pulp treating vessel, such as a paper pulp thickener, or diffuser, are back flushed in a simple yet effective manner. The screens are mounted to a supporting conduit within a vertical vessel, and a cylinder is connected at one open end to the conduit, and the other open end is disposed within the pulp inside the vessel. A piston is mounted within the cylinder and relative movement between the piston and cylinder is effected periodically in order to force liquid from within the cylinder into the conduit and out the screens, backflushing the screens and preventing clogging. Since no additional volume of liquid is added to the vessel during backflushing, no surge occurs in the vessel. Conventional accumulators, on/off valves, and the like can be eliminated while--in the case of diffusion washing--efficiency can be increased as much as 20-30% and capacity increased as much as about 15%.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus or plant or arrangement for the treatment of a dilute suspension of fibers or layer of material passed between two endless foraminous belts or wires or the like conveying means, the forming fibrous board being made to pass between the foraminous belts along at least one container for a treatment medium and at least some of the treatment containers being provided with a wall having orifices on the side facing the fibrous board for generating a pressure difference on the same, but being otherwise closed against the environment, and/or at least some of the treatment containers closed against the environment having walls closed against the foraminous belts and thus against the fibrous board, but otherwise open towards the foraminous belts. According to the invention, a reduction of the energy requirement in the displacement washing of filter cakes is sought above all.

Abstract: A pressure diffuser for paper pulp includes a vertical pressurizable liquid-tight vessel having a pulp inlet at the bottom and a pulp outlet at the top. One or more ring shaped screen elements providing first and second concentric screen surfaces, are vertically mounted within the vessel. A number of radially extending header arms mount the screen elements for movement in the vessel and in fluid communication with it. A first linear actuator effects reciprocation of the arms. A cylinder, open at both ends, is affixed to the arms and extends both above and below them, and a piston is disposed within the cylinder, below the arms. A second linear actuator is operatively connected to the piston to effect reciprocation of the piston in the cylinder. A guiding conduit surrounds the open end of the cylinder above the arms and guides reciprocation of the cylinder and transports liquid from the arms to an effluent outlet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous fiber material treatment of a fiber column without compaction of the column. A liquid layer is disposed between upper and lower treatment zones (i.e. between a cook and wash zone), and apparatus is provided for interrupting the fiber column of the upper zone. The apparatus may include a conical table which generally supports the fiber column of the upper zone yet allows passage of fiber material from the upper zone to the lower zone to allow formation of another fiber column in the lower zone. The liquid layer area may be of the same or smaller cross-sectional area than the upper zone, and the lower zone may be horizontally offset from the upper zone if desired.

Abstract: An air-tight vat under pressure completely encloses a rotatable drum. The vat is constructed so that it may be completely submerged in liquid. The vat has a liquid filled take-off chamber. The pulp is fed to the vat through a pulp inlet. The pulp is formed and compacted to form a pulp mat. Directly following the forming and compacting of the pulp is a washing zone for washing the pulp mat. After washing the pulp mat is again compacted. The pulp mat is removed from the drum at a removal point located in the liquid filled take-off chamber, thus providing a pulp suspension in the take-off chamber. The suspension is removed from the vat through a pulp outlet extending from the liquid filled take-off chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus having a liquid-permeable belt for receiving cellulose pulp, a liquid supply device for discharging treatment liquid on the cellulose pulp, and a container extending across the entire width of the belt for collecting treatment liquid penetrating the belt. The container is adapted to maintain a treatment liquid level at such a distance from the belt so that the formation of foam from treatment liquid is reduced. The container includes a liquid outlet for discharging the treatment liquid and a vapour outlet for discharging vapours and gases from the bottom of the container. The vapour outlet communicates with a passageway within the container, which passageway is formed as a pipe or is partially defined by a container wall. A deflector can be provided on the container for operatively deflecting treatment liquid away from the passageway.

Abstract: The screens of a pulp treating vessel, such as a paper pulp thickener, or diffuser, are back flushed in a simple yet effective manner. The screens are mounted to a supporting conduit within a vertical vessel, and a cylinder is connected at one open end to the conduit, and the other open end is disposed within the pulp inside the vessel. A piston is mounted within the cylinder and relative movement between the piston and cylinder is effected periodically in order to force liquid from within the cylinder into the conduit and out the screens, backflushing the screens and preventing clogging. Since no additional volume of liquid is added to the vessel during backflushing, no surge occurs in the vessel. Conventional accumulators, on/off valves, and the like can be eliminated while--in the case of diffusion washing--efficiency can be increased as much as 20-30%, and capacity increased as much as about 15%.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus and method of extracting a material from a continuous running length of fiber comprising continuously moving the fiber through a conduit while simultaneously flowing a solvent for the material through the conduit with the conduit having a length and cross sectional area sufficient to facilitate extraction of the desired amount of the material. The flow is preferred to be countercurrent to the movement of the fiber.

Abstract: An apparatus for washing cellulose, wherein the cellulose is conducted through between a rotary drum and a stationary shell encircling it, in the form of a layer supported by the permeable mantle surface of the drum. The principle of operation of the apparatus is: conducting washing liquid through the shell, through compartments located under the mantle surface of the drum and serving as washing liquid collectors, and through a valve system composed of a rotary part associated with the drum and a stationary part placed thereagainst, several times through the cellulose layer so that when the apparatus is operating the washing liquid at the same time moves in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drum, stepwise, through the apparatus.

Abstract: The process for rendering wool sliver shrinkproof involves complete wetting of at least one laterally unguided wool sliver with a chlorinating liquor at ambient temperature wherein the liquor is applied to the sliver with a four- to sevenfold excess. The sliver is conducted immediately thereafter through a guide slot, together with the applied excess quantity of liquid; the complete wetting of the fibers of the sliver with the chlorinating liquor is effected in this guide slot by separating the wool sliver from possible air occlusions. Subsequently thereto, the sliver is accompanied by the liquor through a small-volume guide channel, to be squeezed out following the chlorine treatment. The apparatus has a pair of squeeze rolls, the cylinders of which are arranged to be spaced apart to form a guide slot and are rotatably mounted, these squeeze rolls being associated immediately thereabove with spray means to supply the chlorinating liquor necessary for complete wetting.

Abstract: Washing machine for washing off or separating plastic film, for example polythene, from paper or cellulose fibers or other pollutants comprising a container 1 into which the material to be washed consisting of plastic film with residual quantities of paper or cellulose or other pollutants is introduced at the same time with the water or subsequently thereto and then stirred by washing mechanical means, wherein said container 1 has a concentric surface 3 inside it which is provided with holes and forms an annular chamber 4 and wherein one or two vertical rotary shafts 5 and 6 are provided rotating in opposite directions with respect to each other and respectively bearing two series of radial agitators 7 and 8 penetrating into each other in the center of the container so that the water containing paper or cellulose fibers or other pollutants passes through the holes being thus discharged separately from the plastic film and wherein each of said series of agitators 7 and 8 carries one or more agitators provided

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a fiber suspension, comprises a drum rotatably journalled to a stand and having an envelope surface to support a fiber web formed from the fiber suspension. A curved wall plate which is concave in the direction to the envelope surface of the drum is spaced from the envelope surface (and generally parallel thereto) to define a material space therebetween for said fiber web. The space includes an axial inlet gap and an axial outlet gap. The wall is continuous and encloses a major portion of the envelope surface of the drum and is arranged to move freely in the circumferential direction of the drum to compensate for radial alterations during adjustment of the distance of the wall from the envelope surface at one or more positions between the inlet gap and outlet gap. Adjustment devices cooperate with the wall for adjusting the distance of the wall from the envelope surface of the drum.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for treating a permeable web with a fluid. The apparatus has a rotatable drum with a fluid permeable endless belt reeved about at least a portion of the drum circumference. Two or more spaced-apart press rolls bear against the outer surface of the belt, pressing it against the drum with sufficient force to form nip zones. A belt position control mechanism gives the belt limited freedom of radial movement away from the drum in the area between the nip zones. This permits a gap of controllable dimension to form between the drum and the belt. The gapped region defines a volume which creates a permeable web treating zone. The drum surface has at least one row of spaced apertures located entirely around its circumference. These apertures communicate with a fluid supply system which can supply treating fluid under pressure outwardly through the surface apertures into the treating zones between the press rolls.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of a suspension, such as pulp, with one or more treatment liquids in a manner that maximizes treatment efficiency and minimizes heat loss. The pulp flows in a flow path confined to a given web thickness, and has first and second opposite sides. Treatment liquid is added to the first side of the flow path at spaced predetermined points along its length. Liquid displaced by the treatment liquid is withdrawn from the second side of the flow path at substantially the predetermined points. The displaced liquid at the first predetermined point along the flow path consists essentially of original suspension liquid, while the liquid fraction of the pulp past the last predetermined point of the flow path is composed mainly of treatment liquid added at the last predetermined point. Treatment can be accomplished at super-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above 100.degree. C. The web thickness is between about 50-500 mm.

Abstract: Method for the washing of chemical pulp (1) by means of a fourdrinier wire machine in two or more stages (6,10; 6',10'; 6", 10"; 6'", 10'") while the pulp web runs on the wire (3). The liquid contained in the pulp web is displaced by a washing liquid. The pulp web and the wire (3) run, during the washing, as submerged in the washing liquid while the washing liquid flows through the pulp web and the wire. One embodiment comprises passing the washing liquid upwardly through the pulp and then downwardly through the pulp.

Abstract: A washing apparatus for processing and cleaning highly contaminated fibrous suspension made from waste paper and containing a high proportion of lightweight contaminants such as foils. The apparatus includes a generally circular rotation chamber and a good half-stuff chamber separated from the rotation chamber by a substantially planar strainer. A revolving rotor is fitted within the rotation chamber in front of the strainer. An entry chamber for receiving fibrous suspension in washing water communicates with the rotation chamber. The entry chamber is of a substantially smaller diameter than the rotation chamber and includes a washing water connection. A waste matter extraction line leads off from the rotation chamber.

Abstract: A system for wastepaper processing which uses a newly developed wash filter of a simple design. The wash filter includes a generally round agitating space and an accepted stock space. The accepted stock space is separated from the agitating space by an essentially flat screen. An agitating wheel is positioned within the agitating space and in front of the flat screen. An entrance space for receipt of fibrous suspension and wash water is also included in the wash filter. The entrance space has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the agitating space. Flow of the suspension from either a primary pulper or a secondary pulper is received in the entrance space of the wash filter. A tailing removal line is in communication with and extends from the agitating space of the wash filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the wet treatment of a continuous length of textile material, containing a plurality of chambers through which the length of material flows in succession, in which a fluid connecting channel through which the length of material passes in counterflow to the treatment solution is provided in the region between adjacent chambers. This results in a significant improvement in the exchange of material between the solution and the length of material.

Abstract: The material to be treated is passed through a narrow passageway. Treating fluid is inserted in one end of the passageway and near the opposite end of the passageway, the fluid treating is withdrawn from the narrow passageway. Pressure seals are used adjacent the entrance and exit of the passageway to seal the treating fluid within the passageway.

Abstract: A machine for liquid treatment of fabrics in rope form forming a closed loop, which includes a mechanical draw device for cause the continuous advance movement of rope to a device for merely impregnate the rope with the treatment liquid and for producing a folded configuration to the impregnated rope, and conveying means synchronized with the draw device for carrying the folded rope from the impregnation and folding device to a point at which the rope is drawn up by the mechanical draw device.

Abstract: A method for diffusion washing and/or thickening paper pulp having a consistency of 6 to 15%. A number of withdrawal screens and fluid introducing structures are provided supported by spider arms which comprise conduits for introduction of liquid into and withdrawal of liquid from an elongated upright hollow vessel in which the assembly is disposed. The conduit means, with attached screen structures, is reciprocated up and down by a single linear actuator located preferably above the vessel and within the cross-sectional area thereof so that the wall of the vessel need not be penetrated by the conduits. The screens and fluid introducing structures remain stationary with respect to each other during reciprocation. A number of wiper blades, which may be operated by a single linear actuator, are provided at the top of the vessel for moving upwardly flowing pulp into withdrawal conduits surrounding the vessel periphery.

Abstract: A mechanism and method for continuously washing wood pulp fibers including a looped traveling foraminous wire, a plurality of stock chambers above the wire arranged sequentially in the direction of wire travel to provide a sequence of baths submerging the wire, pumps beneath each of the baths removing water drained through the wire and pumping the water back into the next upstream bath, means feeding stock into the first bath, and means measuring the level of stock in the first bath and supplying fresh water to the last bath as a function of the level, and pressing the stock between a roll and the looped wire in the last bath and removing the stock from the roll as it is carried upwardly out of the bath.

Abstract: An actuating mechanism for varying the Venturi gap of a jet dyeing machine allows adjustment of the gap between a zero spacing (for easy centering) and a self-cleaning, fully open position, adjustment being provided without interrupting production. As is conventional, a textile material passing pipe is reciprocal within an outlet pipe, with an end of the textile material passing pipe forming a Venturi with a circumferential lip formed on the interior of the outlet pipe. A cam and follower mechanism is mounted exteriorly of the textile material-passing pipe between it and the outlet pipe, with a cam shaft extending through the outlet pipe wall to an exterior position. Power means, which may be responsive to sensors for sensing fabric flow and liquid flow, effect rotation of the cam shaft to effect reciprocation of the textile material-passing pipe, and thus adjustment of the Venturi gap.

Abstract: A diffusion washer and/or thickener assembly is provided that is greatly simplified. A number of withdrawal screens and fluid introducing structures are provided supported by spider arms which comprise conduits for introduction of liquid into and withdrawal of liquid from an elongated upright hollow vessel in which the assembly is disposed. The conduit means, with attached screen structures, is reciprocated up and down by a single linear actuator located preferably above the vessel and within the cross-sectional area thereof so that the wall of the vessel need not be penetrated by the conduits. The screens and fluid introducing structures remain stationary with respect to each other during reciprocation. A number of wiper blades, which may be operated by a single linear actuator, are provided at the top of the vessel for moving upwardly flowing pulp into withdrawal conduits surrounding the vessel periphery.

Abstract: Thickening of paper pulp, or a like suspension, is effected prior to feeding the pulp to an apparatus utilizing stationary screens for effecting washing, bleaching, or further thickening of the pulp. The stationary screens are mounted in a top portion of a vertical-axis vessel, and a plurality of radially extending rotating hollow arms, with annular screens mounted on them, is provided in the bottom of the vessel to effect thickening of the suspension from, for example, 11/2% consistency to about 9-14% consistency. Extraction from the hollow arms is provided through conduits extending vertically through a hollow shaft for rotating the arms, and a filtrate valve is also mounted within the hollow shaft in operative communication with the filtrate conduits, and includes a valve member which is rotatable in a different direction, and at a different speed, than the hollow shaft.

Abstract: In a procedure for washing cellulose in a drum a continuous web is conducted through a plurality of mutually separated washing zones and in the procedure the pure washing liquid is introduced at the washing step which is last in the direction of travel of the web. This liquid displaces suspension fluid contained in the web and the latter is urged with the aid of a drained fluid pipe system to a washing step located upstream in the web's direction of travel and the displaced suspension fluid repeats the displacement washing process performed by the pure washing liquid in the last washing step. This procedure is repeated until each washing step has received a flow of washing liquid. To utilize the concentration raising capacity of the washing procedure and apparatus, before discharging the pulp, part of the drained fluid pipe system is emptied and the drained fluid therefrom obtained is returned to an earlier washing step.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for continuous wet treatment of textile material in a container holding treatment liquid through which the material is being transported and is being penetrated by treatment liquid in a manner which is essentially vertical to its surface, and to devices for carrying out the process.In a particularly appropriate device, textile material 16 is introduced from the top into treatment liquid 28, then is guided around a minimum of one part (52, 80, 81, 120) which is arranged in the lower region of inner container (30, 85, 87, 119) liquid permeable to a limited degree, along a wall, and is thereby deflected and transported in the direction of the upper edge of inner container (30, 85, 87, 119).

Abstract: An apparatus for contacting a continuously moving textile material with a liquid comprises an enclosure, a plurality of upper and lower rolls located in the enclosure and being generally vertically arranged and horizontally spaced therein to upwardly and downwardly guide the textile material therethrough, a plurality of tank means located in the enclosure for containing a volume of liquid wherein the tanks are positioned in ascending arrangement so that the liquid cascades from one tank to the next to effect counterflow relative to the general path of conveyance of the textile material through the enclosure. A method utilizing the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for wet heat treating a cloth continuously in a high pressure steamer provided with a plurality of guide rolls alternately disposed in upper and lower positions for transporting a cloth to be treated in a zigzag path through the steamer body, comprising providing a liquid seal tank in an inlet side seal mechanism of the steamer body for applying a treating solution to the cloth initially and a plurality of treating solution applying tanks having different heights positioned below the liquid seal tank and immersing respectively one of the lower guide rolls therein for applying the treating solution to the cloth after the initial application, and repeatedly while the cloth is wet heat treated. The bottoms of the liquid seal tank and the treating solution applying tanks are connected to the lower tanks by means of liquid pipes, and a slow cooling tank is provided in an outlet side seal mechanism of the steamer body for cooling the cloth slowly with water.

Abstract: A method of pipe line washing is described, in which raw pulp liquid is washed by clean water or washing liquid having a lower concentration than liquid chemicals in the raw pulp liquid by making use of all or a part of a pipe line.

Abstract: An installation for the washing of vegetables, fruits or similar products comprising a cylindrical tank and a source of supply of water permitting not only the filling of the tank but also the driving of the mass of water in rotation around its vertical axis. This source of supply of water comprises at least one ramp arranged above the level of the water contained in the tank, the ramp being provided with holes which are directed downward and diagonally so that the jets which emerge therefrom strike the surface of the water and drive it in a movement of rotation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting washing, bleaching, or thickening, etcetera of paper pulp of the like utilizes stationary screens, yet provides efficient treatment without significant screen clogging. Pulp introduced into the bottom of a cylindrical upright vessel is caused to flow in particular radial segments and channels. Introduction of pulp into all channels of a particular radial segment, extraction of withdrawn liquid from the radial segments, removal of treated pulp from the top of the vessel, and the introduction of treating liquid between the stationary screens, are coordinated so that uniform treatment of the upwardly flowing pulp results.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing a fluid, such as chlorine or oxygen gas, into a suspension, such as comminuted cellulosic material. A circular cross-section conduit defines a flow path for a suspension, and a circular smooth-faced disc is mounted in the conduit for rotation, covering substantially the entire interior of the conduit. A relatively small opening extends through the disc, and that disc is rotated in the conduit with small portions of suspension flowing in the conduit progressively passing through the opening and being fluidized when passing through the opening. The fluid is introduced into the suspension as the suspension flows through the opening, and in this way an even distribution of fluid in the suspension, with minimum power consumption, is provided.

Abstract: Methods for wet heat treating a textile product continuously in a high pressure steamer provided with a seal mechanism respectively at the cloth inlet and the cloth outlet of the steamer body, comprising (1) soaking a textile product to be treated with a treating solution in a liquid seal tank provided in the inlet side seal mechanism of the steamer body and wet heat treating the resultant textile product continuously in the steamer body while soaking the textile product further occasionally with the treating solution overflowing from the liquid seal tank into one or more liquid apply tanks for repeating steaming and boiling alternately, (2) wet heat treating a textile product previously soaked with a treating solution continuously in the steamer body and then prewashing the thus wet heat treated textile product continuously in the steamer body with the use of high temperature washing water overflowing from a slow cooling tank provided in the outlet side seal mechanism of the steamer body, and (3) the combina

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for treating flowing suspensions, extracting liquid from the suspensions and, if desired, introducing a treatment liquid into the flowing suspensions. Suspension flows in an elongated container from an inlet to an outlet in a first direction, and a screen surface is mounted within the container for screening a portion of the liquid from the suspension. The screen body is elongated in the direction of elongation of the container and defines a screen cavity volume within it, the volume tapering inwardly in the first direction. A baffle is disposed within the screen cavity volume. During movement of the screen in a second direction, opposite the first direction, at a higher speed, backflushing of the screen takes place, substantially evenly over the whole of the screen surface.

Abstract: In a clothes washer, liquid pulses are delivered to a bucket or tank of water to create continuously re-circulating flow therein in a vertical plane. Air is introduced into the water pulses and forms air bubbles in the tank which attract dirt particles and carry them to the surface where they are removed as part of a continuous surface overflow. In a preferred embodiment the liquid pulses are delivered by a novel fluidic oscillator of the feedback type in which air is continuously entrained by the power stream from each feedback passage in alternation. In one form, the oscillator utilizes scoop-type feedback passages between respective outlet passages and control ports, each feedback passage communicating with an air passage. In a second form of oscillator the feedback passages are of the suction type which are aspirated by the liquid outflow through respective oscillator outlet passages.

Abstract: A machine and process for washing paper stock pulp and other vacuum-filterable materials includes a wash drum mounted in a tank. Two endless filter belts are trained to pass around the wash drum and through wash liquid contained in the tank. A mat of pulp is formed between the two endless filter belts and carried on the wash drum and through the tank for washing therein. Wash liquor is pulled by vacuum through the pulp mat as it travels under the drum thereby washing the pulp mat. After the pulp has been washed it is removed from between the two belts.

Abstract: A wet treatment machine, notably for dyeing or bleaching of fabrics in rope form, is equipped with a dyeing system and includes means for circulating, storage and folding, and fabric unloading means.