Abstract: An optical device mounted on the interior of an aircraft for distinguishing the morphology of individual atmospheric particles, identifying them as water droplets, ice crystals, dust particles or volcanic ash, including a source of collimated, polarized light and providing this information to the flight crew to assist them in making informed decisions on conditions that might impact aircraft performance.

Abstract: A method and system for determining an airspeed of an aircraft, known as assisted aircraft, comprises: a) determining a position; b) measuring a ground speed; c) receiving a plurality of messages from a plurality of other assisting, aircraft, each message containing a first item of information, indicating a position of an assisting aircraft, and a second item of information, indicating a wind speed at the position; d) estimating a wind speed at the position of the assisted aircraft by interpolating the wind speed values at the positions of the assisting aircraft obtained in step c); and e) computing a true speed of the assisted aircraft by using the vector difference between its ground speed, measured in step b), and the wind speed estimated in step d). The method can check operation of an anemometric subsystem aboard an aircraft, to compensate for any malfunction and/or to enable automatic piloting.

Abstract: A present novel and non-trivial system, device, and method for presenting flight information of a plurality of aircraft on a display unit. An image generator (“IG”) is programmed to receive a first request for flight information for one of a plurality of aircraft; receive first flight information of a viewer aircraft when included in the request; send a second request for second flight information of a target aircraft for each target aircraft included in the request; receive the second flight information; retrieve terrain data corresponding the flight information of a focal aircraft; generate an image data set representative of a three-dimensional scene of a selectable view comprised of the sky, the spherical surface of the Earth, a first aircraft symbol corresponding to the received flight information, and a first curved flight path; and provide the image data set to a display unit.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes an aircraft instrumentation system for a cockpit instrument panel having a first device associated with a first pilot of an aircraft and positioned on the instrument panel substantially in front of the first pilot. The first device may include a first display and a first controller, which may have a set of controls for controlling the first display and aircraft systems. The instrumentation system may also include a second device associated with a second pilot of the aircraft and positioned on the instrument panel substantially in front of the second pilot. The second device may include a second display and a second controller, which may have a set of controls for controlling the second display and the aircraft systems. The instrumentation may be configured such that at least one of the first display and the second display presents attitude, altitude and airspeed at all times.

Abstract: A safety system for an aircraft using ADS-B has a touch screen device or switch interfaced with an emergency computer, wherein the emergency computer sends an emergency signal to the ADS-B system in response to a command from the touch screen device or switch.

Abstract: A transportable device for recording flight data obtained from an avionics system in an aircraft is provided. The device includes a case containing a laptop computer. The case limits the electromagnetic disturbances between the laptop and the avionics system. The laptop is connected to the avionics system, so as to receive the flight data to be recorded. The device can be applied to monitoring of flight data.

Abstract: A device for determining the actual center of gravity of a vehicle, having a control command input interface, a movement modeling unit, a sensor interface, and a computation unit. The control command input interface determines control command inputs for controlling the movement of the vehicle. The movement modeling unit calculates reference acceleration data at a model reference point of the vehicle on the basis of movements of the vehicle, which are derived from a vehicle movement model, with respect to the control command inputs. The sensor interface determines sensor acceleration data which are measured at a sensor reference point of the vehicle and relate to the vehicle's actual movements resulting from the command inputs. The computation unit determines the actual center of gravity of the vehicle on the basis of an assumed center of gravity and the difference between the reference acceleration data and the sensor acceleration data.

Abstract: A method is provided, for displaying dynamically updated weather information for a vehicle using a computer system comprising a processor and a memory. A table is stored in the memory, the table defining, for a predetermined plurality of different weather conditions, a corresponding predetermined plurality of sets of visually distinguishable icon settings, wherein each weather condition corresponds to a corresponding respective set of icon settings, the respective set of icon settings defining the appearance of a first weather icon configured to appear on a display in operable communication with the processor, wherein the appearance of the weather icon, by itself, is sufficient to convey at least one weather condition. The appearance of the first icon is dynamically updated, during at least a portion of the travel by the vehicle along its travel path, to correspond to changes in the first set of weather data.

Abstract: The present invention provides an alert interactive system designed to serve as an alertness tool to ensure that a person, such as an aircraft pilot, a car or truck driver, a soldier or sailor on watch, or a security professional, remains alert. The alert interactive system provides instructions and time for the person to enter a code, and provides an alert to that person and others when the code is not entered timely and correctly. The present invention indicates when the person is not alert, and may be taking a nap, may be fully asleep, or unconsciousness.

Abstract: A monitoring device is disclosed for an actuation system of an aircraft for monitoring a guiding device of a regulating flap with a load sensor. An actuation system with the monitoring device and a method for reconfiguring such an actuation system are disclosed. The monitoring device includes an interface to the load sensor and an interface to a driving device for adjusting the regulating flap. The monitoring device can determine or receive in-flight information actively signaling a predefined flight attitude and/or a predefined operational state of the aircraft. The monitoring device can compare a load value corresponding to a sensor value acquired by the load sensor and a limiting value corresponding to a minimum operational load for the predefined flight attitude and/or the predefined operational state of the aircraft and a monitoring function. The monitoring function can assign a fault mode to the regulating flap.

Abstract: Aircraft flight management devices, systems, computer readable media, and related methods are provided. The present subject matter includes devices, systems, computer readable media, and related methods of providing flight management control during abnormal events and/or situations requiring diversion from the present mission. In some aspects, a system for providing flight management may include a computing platform with a processor, a memory, and a flight management application module (FMAM) configured to receive data from multiple servers. The FMAM may also calculate one or more aircraft ranges and/or diversion routes based upon the received data. In some aspects, systems and devices disclosed herein may be configured to provide diversion assistance by selectively displaying information including the map, one or more of the aircraft ranges, a vertical display, and information regarding one or more airports.

Abstract: A method of controlling a gas turbine engine in a vehicle having an automatic system configured to control fuel flow includes determining whether a vehicle operator is requesting to manually control fuel. A pre-relinquishment value of an engine operating condition is determined while fuel flow is controlled by the automatic system. Fuel flow control is relinquished to the vehicle operator if the vehicle operator is requesting to manually control fuel flow and the pre-relinquishment value is within a predetermined range. A post-relinquishment value of the engine operating condition is determined while fuel flow is controlled by the vehicle operator. Fuel flow control is returned to the automatic system if the post-relinquishment value is not maintained within the predetermined range.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for integrating one or more avionics functions are provided herein. In an embodiment avionics functions (e.g., ADS-B functions) are integrated by (1) receiving input from at least one avionics function module that executes at least one avionics function; (2) determining which of the avionics functions to allow to be engaged simultaneously, based on at different factors. In addition, embodiments select from different algorithms for the connected avionics functions.

Abstract: A system for validating ground determination of gross weight of aircraft includes sensor(s) that generates information regarding ground determination of gross weight while parked at parking bay; processing device that receives information regarding ground determination of gross weight of the aircraft from sensor(s); and computer memory communicatively coupled to processing device. Processing device determines ground determination based on information regarding ground determination of gross weight generated by sensor. Processing device determines gross weight in air after takeoff based on indicated airspeed, angle of attack, and thrust applied to aircraft. Processing device determines error between ground determination and air determination of gross weight taking into account reduction in gross weight due to fuel consumed since receiving ground determination. Processing device updates information regarding relationship between ground determination and air determination of gross weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of updating an ATC flight plan of an aircraft in real time to take account of the flight directives. A reference flight plan is designated. In tandem with the receipt of the flight directive messages originating from the ground, then verifying validity of the flight directive messages, if the message is validated in the affirmative, the messages are applied successively to the reference flight plan and stored. Managing, in real time, the complete list of these flight directives and the ATC flight plan.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method are provided that may be carried out by an avionics display system deployed on an aircraft and including a monitor. The avionics display system receives position data indicative of the aircraft's detected position from at least one data source. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of: (i) attributing an error characteristic to the data source, (ii) identifying an airspace assigned to the aircraft at a given time, and (iii) establishing an error-compensated airspace as a function of the error characteristic and the assigned airspace. The aircraft's actual position remains within the assigned airspace provided that the aircraft's detected position resides within the error-compensated airspace. A visual representation of the outer boundaries of the error-compensated airspace is generated on the monitor.

Abstract: A method for estimating aircraft airspeed by a processor and an airspeed estimation device, which includes the calculation of a value for aircraft aerodynamic speed (Vcaero), by an aerodynamic calculator, based on aircraft aerodynamic parameters and the calculation of a value for current aircraft speed (Vc) by an anemobarometric unit. An estimated airspeed (Vcest) is determined by adding, by an adding unit, a corrective value, determined by an airspeed integrating unit, to the value for Vcaero. The corrective value is determined, by the airspeed integrating unit, according to a comparison between: a residual speed value (VR), determined by a residual speed determination unit, with the value VR determined by correcting the value for Vcaero to a value that converges toward the value for Vc, and a predetermined threshold value (?).

Abstract: An aircraft piloting assistance method and system including determining at least one flyable slope with which the aircraft is assumed to be able to fly, based on a value of at least one flight parameter including the weight of the aircraft. The step for determining said slope or slopes with which the aircraft is able to fly, called flyable slopes is performed by a computer, and presenting the flyable slope to a decision-maker.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for detection of dragging brakes for use in, for example, an aircraft. A method is provided comprising calculating, by a brake controller, a slip ratio based upon an aircraft speed and a speed of an aircraft wheel, determining, by the brake controller, that the slip ratio is above a threshold value, and sending, by the brake controller and in response to the slip ratio being above the threshold value, a dragging brake signal to an aircraft component.

Abstract: A device for verifying guidance orders includes a passivation device for implementing comparisons between guidance orders from at least three different equipments in order to generate a passivated guidance order. For example, one of the guidance orders may be an auxiliary guidance order used to compare to the other two primary guidance orders so that the primary guidance order that is closest to the auxiliary guidance order is selected as the passivated guidance order. The passivated (e.g., validated) guidance order is transmitted to a flight control system of the aircraft.

Abstract: A piloting assistance device (5) comprising a calculation unit (10) and a display unit (20). The calculation unit (10) executes stored instructions to determine at least one thrust margin for a propeller between a current thrust being exerted by said propeller and a threshold thrust corresponding to a negative power limit (Pmin), and to determine a main minimum total ground slope that can be followed by the aircraft in descent as a function of said thrust margin. Finally, the calculation unit presents a main symbol (25) on a display unit (20), the main symbol (25) representing the minimum total ground slope that can be followed by the aircraft (1) in descent, the main symbol (25) appearing superimposed on a representation (21) of the surroundings that exist in front of the aircraft (1).

Abstract: A system and method for controlling aircraft anti-ice bleed air flow in an anti-ice system. The system includes a modulating shut-off valve that is moveable between a closed position and a plurality of open positions. Bleed air pressure upstream of the modulating shut-off valve is measured when the modulating shut-off valve is in the closed position. When an anti-ice initiation signal is received in a processor, the processor determines, based on at least the measured bleed air pressure when the anti-ice initiation signal was received, an initial open position of the modulating shut-off valve. The processor also commands the modulating shut-off valve to move to the initial open position, determines when a predetermined event occurs, and commands the modulating shut-off valve to remain in the initial open position until the predetermined event occurs period.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an aircraft. An aircraft system comprises a housing, a standby aircraft management system, and a backup power system. The standby aircraft management system is associated with the housing and is configured to provide communications, navigation, and control of a number of aircraft systems needed for safe flight and landing of an aircraft in which the standby aircraft management system is located. The backup power system is configured to supply power to the standby aircraft management system when the power is unavailable from the aircraft.

Abstract: Systems and methods for alerting a flight crew when the vertical situation display may be providing incomplete information due to the presence of a non-computed trajectory segment in the flight plan. A processing device in signal communication with a flight management system, a position measuring system, and a velocity measuring system receives a flight plan from the flight management system and determines if the flight plan includes any non-computed trajectory segments. If at least one of time or distance to the beginning of a next non-computed trajectory segment is less than a threshold value, the processing device generates an alert that information displayed on a vertical situation display may be incomplete. An output device outputs the generated alert.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flight management system for aircraft which makes it possible to carry out tests of the results of the calculations of the main functions for formulating the flight plans and trajectories of the aircraft making it possible to anticipate errors in this formulation, to present them to the crew as a function of criticality criteria, to store them so as to be communicated and processed by the maintenance teams.

Abstract: A graphical in-flight message representation system comprises a sensor configured to measure a characteristic of a flight of an aircraft and a communication device configured to send and receive in-flight messages. An in-flight message is a message communicated during the flight of the aircraft. The system also comprises a display unit configured to display a graphical flight progress indicator and one or more message icons, each of the one or more message icons corresponding to a respective in-flight message. The graphical flight progress indicator is representative of the characteristic of the flight measured by the sensor. Each of the one or more message icons are displayed in location relative to the graphical flight progress indicator based on the measured characteristic of the flight when the respective in-flight message was communicated.

Abstract: An aircraft display system is provided and configured to render a cockpit display having a field-of-view. The system comprises a monitor and a processor coupled to the monitor and configured to generate a vertical situation display on the monitor. The vertical situation display includes at least one graphic indicative of a region of the terrain encompassed by the field-of-view.

Abstract: Present novel and non-trivial systems and methods for positioning a heading-based image within a track-based image and for generating steering commands for a forward-looking image capture device of an enhanced vision system (“EVS”). The positioning system is comprised of a source of navigation data, a source of first image data representative of a track-based image, a source of second image data representative of a heading-based image, and an avionics system processor (“ASP”) configured to receive the navigation data, the first image data, and the second image data, determine image positioning data, and merge the first image data with the second image data as a function of the image positioning data. The steering commands generating system is comprised of a source of navigation data, the ASP configured to generate steering command data commensurate to a wind correction angle, and the EVS configured to receive the steering data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for displaying the current trends (i.e., turning or going straight) or the future positions of vehicles of interest on a traffic display unit. The position, orientation and geometry of the displayed symbology is a function of parametric information broadcast by the vehicles of interest and processed by a computer system that controls the traffic display unit. In particular examples disclosed herein, the traffic display unit is a navigation display on an aircraft or a traffic display unit at a traffic controller's station. However, the methods disclosed herein have application to vehicular traffic other than aircraft, such as boats or ships.

Abstract: A system and method provide situational awareness for a pilot of an ownship in managing the longitudinal interval from an aircraft from which the ownship is following and maintaining the ownship within performance limits by displaying an airspeed bar containing markers representing the ownship minimum and maximum airspeeds, the ownship indicated airspeed, and a commanded interval management airspeed (CIMS) for providing speed situational awareness. A flight management system modifies the CIMS in response to a distance between the aircraft and the ownship. An optional pointer attached to the marker representing the CIMS indicates a trend in the in the CIMS.

Abstract: A system for validating ground determination of gross weight of aircraft includes sensor(s) that generates information regarding ground determination of gross weight while parked at parking bay; processing device that receives information regarding ground determination of gross weight of the aircraft from sensor(s); and computer memory communicatively coupled to processing device. Processing device determines ground determination based on information regarding ground determination of gross weight generated by sensor. Processing device determines gross weight in air after takeoff based on indicated airspeed, angle of attack, and thrust applied to aircraft. Processing device determines error between ground determination and air determination of gross weight taking into account reduction in gross weight due to fuel consumed since receiving ground determination. Processing device updates information regarding relationship between ground determination and air determination of gross weight.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a touch screen system. Data generated by an acceleration detector about acceleration of the touch screen system is received. The acceleration detector is located within the touch screen system. An action is initiated by an input manager when the acceleration of the touch screen system reduces usability of the touch screen system.

Abstract: A method for estimating airspeed of an aircraft includes receiving values indicative of operating conditions of the aircraft along an axis; estimating a tip path plane (TPP) angle along the axis from at least one of the operating conditions to create an estimated TPP angle; and determining an estimated airspeed as a function of the estimated TPP angle, the determining including referencing a look-up table that indexes the estimated TPP angle with the airspeed.

Abstract: The present application relates to a system and method for providing real-time indications of economic impact of aircraft operations to an aircraft operator. The system and method allow the aircraft operator to reduce economic impact during flight of the aircraft. Such an analysis and cue to the aircraft operator allows the operator to make real-time changes during flight to reduce damage of life-limited aircraft components, thereby reducing the economic impact of aircraft operation that is directly associated with maintenance and component replacement. The system and method can also include pre-flight and post-flight analysis methods for reduction of economic impact of flight operations.

Abstract: The dialog device includes a display screen, on which are displayed three graphic representations, which are respectively associated with the three control axes of the aircraft, each of said graphic representations comprising a plurality of portions, each of which is associated with a guidance mode of the associated control axis, so that all the possible guidance modes of the guidance system are thus represented, this representation highlighting the fact that the guidance modes are active exclusively on a given guidance axis.

Abstract: Systems and methods are operable to present graphical information indicating capability of an aircraft to change altitude. An exemplary embodiment determines an altitude change capability of the aircraft; determines an altitude change capability icon based on the determined altitude change capability of the aircraft, wherein the altitude change capability icon is defined by at least a leading portion, a trailing portion, a top portion, and a bottom portion, wherein a slope of the leading portion of the altitude change capability icon corresponds to the determined altitude change capability of the aircraft, and wherein the leading portion and the trailing portion are separated by at least the top portion and the bottom portion; and communicates the altitude change capability icon to a display for presentation to the crew of the aircraft.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an integrated aircraft trim assembly features a shaft, a mechanical stop, a trim motor, a clutch, and a measurement device. The mechanical stop device is operable to at least partially prevent rotation of the shaft outside of an allowable range of motion. The trim motor has an output component in mechanical communication with the shaft. The clutch separates the trim motor from the shaft. The measurement device is proximate to the shaft and operable to measure a position of the shaft and communicate the measured position to a flight control computer operable to change a position of a flight control device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing broadband signals to a portable user device is disclosed. Broadband signals, such as satellite radio signals, are received at a base station having a plurality of antennas. The content of the broadband signals are then encoded using space time coding (STC), and the STC encoded broadband content is transmitted from the plurality of antennas via a first wireless network protocol. The STC encoded broadband content can be received at a portable user device having a plurality of antennas or at a wireless access point having a plurality of antennas, which then transmit the broadband signals via a second wireless network protocol.

Abstract: The vertical profile management device includes a flight management system unit that selects a plurality of successive standard cruise sections, each comprising a level phase and a transition phase. The cruise sections are defined by a plurality of features, including waypoints corresponding to a section starting point and a section ending point, a transition type, a transition mode, a transition speed, a level altitude, and a level speed. The flight management system unit also joins together the successive cruise sections in order to form a vertical profile of a flight plan. The cruise sections are configured to be added, removed, or re-sequenced in the flight plan because each section ending point is configured to be the section starting point of a next cruise section in the series.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of assisting piloting an aircraft. The method is performed when the real position of a symbol for display lies outside the display limit of the screen. The symbol is representative of a parameter associated with the dynamic behavior of the aircraft (FPV, . . . ) or liable to influence said behavior (FD, . . . ). The symbol possesses two components, and the first component is to be given precedence on display over the second component. In the method, the display of the symbol depends firstly on the orthogonal projection (FPV-lock) of the real position (FPV) of the symbol onto the axis of the first component, and secondly on the position of said projection relative to the display limit of the screen. Such a display makes it possible to give reliable information to the pilot.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to methods and systems for requesting and retrieving aircraft data during flight of an aircraft. This aircraft data can be used to perform additional monitoring of aircraft sub-systems to detect an abnormal condition, and/or to identify one or more sources that are causing the abnormal condition. In one embodiment, aircraft data for one or more relevant parameters can be requested from the ground, measured on-board the aircraft, and stored in a data file that is then communicated back to personnel on the ground. The real-time aircraft data for one or more relevant parameters can then be analyzed to identify the one or more sources that are causing the abnormal condition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a three-dimensional (3D) digital map system for implementing a navigation and ground collision preventing method using 3D terrain information. The 3D digital map system includes a terrain referenced navigation module configured to receive data from EGI (Embedded GPS/INS), a radio-altimeter (RALT) and a map database, corrects the data to perform accurate navigation computation, and outputs the corrected data, a collision avoidance warning module configured to generate a warning against collision of an aircraft with the ground or an obstacle using the corrected data, a 3D terrain database and an obstacle database, a terrain following module configured to generate a terrain following trajectory of the aircraft using the same information, and a Passive Ranging module configured to receive the 3D terrain database and line-of-sight (LOS) information of a target and calculate distance and position information of the target located on the ground.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a map of an airport. The map of the airport is displayed on a display device. A movement of a number of fingers with respect to a number of aeronautical objects on the map of the airport is detected. Information generated by an operation based on the number of aeronautical objects on the map of the airport is displayed in response to detecting the movement of the number of fingers with respect to the number of aeronautical objects on the map of the airport.

Abstract: The system according to the invention comprises a display and a synthetic image dynamic generating assembly. It includes a management assembly for the graphic interface of the display, capable of controlling the dynamic display, on a first region of the display, of a synthetic image and able to maintain, in certain movement configurations of the aircraft, a second region of the display delimited by the edge substantially with no synthetic surface representation of the terrain. The management assembly includes means for dynamically delimiting the edge of the first region. The delimiting means are configured to dynamically compute the position of the edge as a function of a determined visibility distance (DV), taken relative to the aircraft.

Abstract: A flight information system may include a plan vertical situation display. The plan vertical situation display may display a vertical view of a flight path of an aircraft. The plan vertical situation display may display at least one path symbol showing at least one of a current path of the aircraft, a modified but not executed route of the aircraft, and an inactive route of the aircraft. The at least one path symbol may be adapted to display each of the current path of the aircraft, the modified but not executed route of the aircraft, and the inactive route of the aircraft. The plan vertical situation display may further display at least one terrain symbol showing a vertical terrain in the flight path along the at least one path symbol.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assessing threats to a vehicle to facilitate a reflexive response. Threat timeline parameters for a detected threat to the vehicle including a threat mode and a time progression of the threat in the threat mode is determined based, at least in part, on a plurality of information sources. One or more candidate solutions for facilitating the reflexive response to the threat are determined based, at least in part, on the threat mode and the time progression and one or more of the candidate solutions are presented to an operator of the vehicle to enable the operator to mediate the threat.

Abstract: The system includes additional display means including at least one additional screen and additional graphic interface handling means of the additional screen (able to display on the additional screen, a summary window depending on the operational state of the aircraft. The summary window comprises at least one first pictogram able to be displayed on a first display window of main display means of the aircraft without being displayed on the second window of the main display means, and at least one second pictogram intended to be displayed on the second display window of the main display means without being displayed on the first window of the main display means.

Abstract: A present novel and non-trivial system, device, and method for generating object symbology are disclosed. A system may be comprised one or more aircraft systems and a cockpit display system comprised of a system configuration file, a plurality of definition files, and a windows generator (“WG”). The WG may be configured to perform initialization and run-time operations. The initialization operation may be comprised of retrieving a system configuration file; retrieving a first definition file comprised of a first layer; and retrieving one or more second definition files comprised of one or more second layers. The run-time operation may be comprised of receiving a first-layer widget data set; receiving one or more second-layer widget data sets; determining the screen position of each object located within a view frustum; and generating a pixel data set in response to the determination.

Abstract: A present novel and non-trivial system, device, and method for generating object symbology are disclosed. A system may be comprised one or more aircraft systems and a cockpit display system comprised of a system configuration file, a plurality of definition files, and a windows generator (“WG”). The WG may be configured to perform initialization and run-time operations. The initialization operation may be comprised of retrieving a system configuration file; retrieving a first definition file comprised of a first layer; and retrieving one or more second definition files comprised of one or more second layers. The run-time operation may be comprised of receiving a first-layer widget data set; receiving one or more second-layer widget data sets; determining each screen array cell; and generating a pixel data set in response to the determination.

Abstract: A device (10) for assisted piloting of an aircraft having a rotary wing with a plurality of second blades (3?) and a propulsion unit with a plurality of first blades (2?). The device includes control means (30, 40) for delivering a movement order (O) for moving in a direction, said device (10) having a processor unit (20) for transforming said order (O) into an acceleration setpoint (C) along said direction, and then for transforming said acceleration setpoint (C) into at least one required longitudinal attitude setpoint (?*) that is transmitted to a first automatic system (26) for maintaining longitudinal attitude by controlling a longitudinal cyclic pitch of the second blades (3?), and into a first required load factor setpoint (Nx*) in a longitudinal direction that is transmitted to a second automatic system (25) for maintaining load factor by controlling the collective pitch of the first blades.