Abstract: A method for driving safety when vehicles are driving in convoy, in which a driver classification is performed during travel based on instantaneous sensor variables, and in which a recommendation for the vehicle order in the convoy is output.

Abstract: A mobile robot may include a controller configured to set a virtual boundary based on position information determined by a terminal or a position sensor in an area, and to set an area of any one side of the boundary as a traveling area. The controller may control a traveling unit so that a main body moves within the traveling area without moving outside the boundary. Accordingly, the controller may easily set the boundary using the position information, and may control traveling of the mobile robot by setting the traveling area formed by the boundary. The controller may correct a position error, may reflect information on obstacles in setting the traveling area to set a traveling area appropriate for a traveling environment of the mobile robot, and/or may easily change the set traveling area.

Abstract: A mobile robot including a motion actuator; at least one detection sensor configured to detect field information in a movement field of the mobile robot; a guidance generation unit configured to generate a motion guidance policy to a target position from a current position, the motion guidance policy being updated by the guidance generation unit when the field information has been received from the at least one detection sensor; a safety sensitization unit configured to generate a safety sensitized policy which is the motion guidance policy with a reduced velocity magnitude relative to an angle between the motion guidance policy and the current motion of the mobile robot; and a motion actuation unit configured to determine an actuation signal for instructing the motion actuator to project the current motion of the mobile robot in conformity with the safety sensitized policy provided by the safety sensitization unit.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for improving navigation accuracy for a mobile platform. In one example, a navigation system comprises an image sensor that generates a plurality of images, each image comprising one or more features. A computation engine executing on one or more processors of the navigation system processes each image of the plurality of images to determine a semantic class of each feature of the one or more features of the image. The computation engine determines, for each feature of the one or more features of each image and based on the semantic class of the feature, whether to include the feature as a constraint in a navigation inference engine. The computation engine generates, based at least on features of the one or more features included as constraints in the navigation inference engine, navigation information. The computation engine outputs the navigation information to improve navigation accuracy for the mobile platform.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant computer system (FTCS) for generating safe trajectories for a vehicle. The FTCS includes: a sensor part (SENSE), a primary part (PRIM), a secondary part (SEC), a tertiary part (TER), and a decide part (DECIDE). The PRIM and TER are configured to produce trajectories by interpreting information of the real world as perceived by the SENSE. The SEC is configured to produce a safe space estimate (FSE) by interpreting information of the real world as perceived by SENSE. The DECIDE and/or SEC are configured to execute correctness checks that take trajectories and FSE as inputs, and qualify a trajectory (TRJ) as safe when said TRJ is inside the FSE, and qualify a trajectory (UTRJ) as unsafe when said UTRJ is not inside the FSE.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to a method and apparatus for driving automation control of a motor vehicle. In particular, the system is operative to determine a vehicle maneuver, such as a lane change, and provide a first kinesthetic cue to a supervisory driver or vehicle occupant indicating the start of a vehicle maneuver. The system and method are then operative to complete the vehicle maneuver and provide a second kinesthetic cue indicating the completion of the vehicle maneuver.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus provides information indicating a traveling route according to a designated search type. The information processing apparatus includes a reception unit configured to receive a search request of the traveling route including the search type, a generation unit configured to generate a link cost corresponding to the search type using a traffic information database including information of a road related to the search type, and a search unit configured to search for the traveling route using the link cost corresponding to the search type generated by the generation unit.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, devices, and apparatus for optimized deployment of remotely operated aerial vehicle resources from a fleet to satisfy requests for remotely operated aerial vehicle resources. In some aspects, requests for remotely operated aerial vehicle resources have constraints specifying particular resources and/or specifying particular types of resources.

Abstract: A problem to be addressed by the present invention is to obtain a vehicle control device which, while alleviating an excessive computation load, is capable of appropriately ascertaining an external environment. This vehicle control device 01 comprises an other vehicle information acquisition unit 02 which acquires information of another vehicle by communication, and an exterior recognition unit 03 which carries out recognition of the exterior of a host vehicle by sensing. The exterior recognition unit 03 senses an other vehicle vicinity space in the vicinity of the other vehicle on the basis of the information of the other vehicle which is acquired by the other vehicle information acquisition unit 02.

Abstract: A method of providing prompt information includes obtaining sensitive area information and marking a sensitive area on a navigation map according to the sensitive area information. The sensitive area affects a flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The method further includes obtaining position information of the UAV, determining a positional relationship between the UAV and the sensitive area according to the sensitive area information and the position information of the UAV, and generating the prompt information according to the positional relationship.

Abstract: In order to address the problem of providing a high-safety vehicle control system and action plan system, the present invention provides a vehicle control system comprising a trajectory generation determination unit (603) having an emergency trajectory generating unit (6032) for calculating an emergency trajectory while driving is being switched from a system to a driver at the time of a fault, and a motion control unit (604) having a trajectory retaining unit (6042) for retaining the emergency trajectory and a trajectory switching unit (6041) for switching whether to travel in the emergency trajectory retained by the trajectory retaining unit on the basis of a fault state detected by a malfunction detection unit.

Abstract: An amusement vehicle, retrofittable hardware gamification attachment, and method for simulating power-ups in-game virtual vehicle enhancements and virtual weaponry for improved racing experience are disclosed. Amusement vehicle comprises sensor-specific transmitters/receivers for communicating with other amusement vehicles moving in amusement environment. Amusement vehicle comprises a processor simulating power-ups in-game virtual vehicle enhancements and virtual weaponry based on sensor-specific signals transmitted to or received from other amusement vehicles. Power-ups and virtual weaponry are simulated by increasing/decreasing speed, causing damage, providing temporary protection from damage, freezing weaponry, and deactivating weaponry the amusement vehicle for pre-defined time corresponding to sensor-specific signals transmitted to or received from other amusement vehicles in gaming event of amusement environment.

Abstract: A navigation system aids a driver of a collection vehicle in keeping pace and distance with a lead harvester while collecting grain. The navigation system can be used for any leader-follower vehicle drive formation. A navigation system steers the head vehicle based on a continuously known position and attitude. Navigation data for the lead vehicle is broadcast to a following collection vehicle. A navigation system in the following vehicle processes the lead vehicle navigation data to determine a relative position and attitude. The navigation system in the following vehicle generates steering and speed commands based on the relative position and attitude to automatically drive to a designated target position alongside the lead vehicle. In one example, an artificial oscillation is induced into the target position to more evenly distribute material in the following vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle communication system includes: a communication server and a vehicle control device. The vehicle control device (102) includes at least one electronic control unit configured to: recognize a position of the host vehicle; acquire section information on the communication established section and the communication interrupted section; determine in which section, either the communication established section or the communication interrupted section, the host vehicle is traveling or is to travel; perform system driven control of the host vehicle based on the road condition information when the host vehicle travels in the communication established section; and perform driver driven control of the host vehicle when the host vehicle travels in the communication interrupted section.

Abstract: A method of mowing multiple areas includes training a robotic mower to mow at least two areas separated by a space, including moving the robotic mower about the areas while storing data indicative of location of boundaries of each area relative to boundary markers, training the robotic mower to move across the space separating the areas, and initiating a mowing operation. Training the robotic mower to move across the space separating the areas includes moving the robotic mower to a traversal launch point of a first of the areas and moving the robotic mower to a traversal landing point of a second of the areas. The mowing operation causes the robotic mower to move to the traversal launch point, move from the traversal launch point across the space to the traversal landing point, and then mow the second of the areas.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for mapping a determined path of travel. The path of travel may be mapped to a camera view of a camera affixed to a vehicle. In some embodiments, the path of travel may be mapped to another view that is based on a camera, such as a bird's eye view anchored to the camera's position at a given time. These systems and methods may determine the path of travel by incorporating data from later points in time.

Abstract: The present invention provides specific systems, methods and algorithms based on artificial intelligence expert system technology for determination of preferred routes of travel for electric vehicles (EVs). The systems, methods and algorithms provide such route guidance for battery-operated EVs in-route to a desired destination, but lacking sufficient battery energy to reach the destination from the current location of the EV. The systems and methods of the present invention disclose use of one or more specifically programmed computer machines with artificial intelligence expert system battery energy management and navigation route control. Such specifically programmed computer machines may be located in the EV and/or cloud-based or remote computer/data processing systems for the determination of preferred routes of travel, including intermediate stops at designated battery charging or replenishing stations.

Abstract: Among other things, a vehicle drives autonomously on a trajectory through a road network to a goal location based on an automatic process for planning the trajectory without human intervention; and an automatic process alters the planning of the trajectory to reach a target location based on a request received from an occupant of the vehicle to engage in a speed-reducing maneuver.

Abstract: A system to use submaps to control operation of a vehicle is disclosed. A storage system may be provided with a vehicle to store a collection of submaps that represent a geographic area where the vehicle may be driven. A programmatic interface may be provided to receive submaps and submap updates independently of other submaps.

Abstract: A guide route matching with the characteristic of vehicle control is searched to reduce the frequency at which re-search of a guide route is executed. A navigation device includes an information input unit for acquiring a control condition for controlling the traveling of the vehicle as control characteristic information from an autonomous driving control device, and a route searching unit for searching a guide route for the vehicle satisfying the control condition based on the control characteristic information acquired by the information input unit. Accordingly, the guide route matching with the control characteristic of the vehicle can be searched.

Abstract: A driver assistance device configured to be mounted on a first vehicle is provided. The device receives first positions and first speeds of the first vehicle, and receives second positions, second speeds, and events of a second vehicle. Each of the first positions, the first speeds, the second positions, the second speeds, and the events is on a timeline. A first approach time is derived based on a first current position of the first vehicle, a first current speed of the first vehicle, a second current position of the second vehicle, and a second current speed of the second vehicle. A second approach time is derived based on the first current position, the first current speed, and a past position of the second vehicle. Information is output to a driver of the first vehicle based on at least the first and second approach times.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for autonomous vehicle drop-off and pick-up of an individual (e.g., valet type operation) are disclosed herein. An autonomous vehicle may receive global positioning system (GPS) location data including a drop-off location, a parking location, a pick-up location, a pick-up time, and timing factor information associated with an estimated arrival of the individual at the pick-up location, determine an adjusted pick-up time associated with the pick-up of the individual based on the timing factor, determine a departure time for autonomous pick-up of the individual based on the adjusted pick-up time, autonomously park the autonomous vehicle, by travelling from the drop-off location to the parking location after drop-off of the individual, and autonomously pick-up the individual, by departing, at the departure time, from the parking location and travelling to the pick-up location.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to controlling a vehicle in an autonomous driving mode. The system includes a plurality of sensors configured to generate sensor data. The system also includes a first computing system configured to generate trajectories using the sensor data and send the generated trajectories to a second computing system. The second computing system is configured to cause the vehicle to follow a receive trajectory. The system also includes a third computing system configured to, when there is a failure of the first computer system, generate and send trajectories to the second computing system based on whether a vehicle is located on a highway or a surface street.

Abstract: A materials handling vehicle comprises an operator compartment, a load handling feature to carry a load, a power unit, a controller, and an inward facing output module, an outward facing output module, or both. In operation, the controller receives information from a remote server and/or electronics of the materials handling vehicle via a materials handling vehicle network bus, where the received information is in regard to a task being performed by the materials handling vehicle. Also, the controller, responsive to detecting the task being performed, operates the output module to provide situational awareness information with regard to the task.

Abstract: Disclosed subject matter relates to field of telematics that performs a method of correcting velocity of autonomous vehicle to navigate along a planned navigation path. A velocity correcting system may receive a velocity for navigating the autonomous vehicle for a selected segment along the planned navigation path and may identify plurality of values corresponding to current vehicle condition while the autonomous vehicle is navigating along the planned navigation path and may determine a counter angular velocity corresponding to current vehicle condition by comparing the plurality of values with pre-stored values. Finally, velocity is corrected by correlating the velocity with counter angular velocity and provided to navigation module for applying the correction velocity.

Abstract: A first reference line representing a routing line from a first location to a second location associated with an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) is received. The first reference line is segmented into a number of reference line segments. For each of the reference line segments, a quintic polynomial function is defined to represent the reference line segment. An objective function is determined based on the quintic polynomial functions of the reference line segments. An optimization is performed on coefficients of the quintic polynomial functions in view of a set of constraints associated with the reference line segments, such that an output of the objective function reaches minimum while the constraints are satisfied. A second reference line is then generated based on the optimized parameters or coefficients of the quintic polynomial functions of the objective function. The second reference line is then utilized to plan and control the ADV.

Abstract: A navigation system includes: a control unit configured to: receive a parking facility request for an autonomous vehicle operation of a user vehicle in a vehicle parking facility; retrieve a parking facility map for the vehicle parking facility, including facility information, for the vehicle parking facility, wherein the facility information includes intersection nodes; and generate a facility traversal route for the autonomous vehicle operation of the user vehicle through the vehicle parking facility based on the intersection nodes and the parking facility request.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a robot motion path planning method, apparatus, and terminal device. The method includes planning a planned path for a robot in a current scene using an open motion planning library (OMPL) database, setting a shortest ideal path as an initial ideal path, calculating a new path between the planned path and the initial ideal path using a dichotomy method, determining whether the new path meets an obstacle avoidance requirement and a structural constraint of the robot in the current scene, making the new path as the new planned path if yes, otherwise determining the new path as a new ideal path, optimizing the planned path using the dichotomy method iteratively until an error between the planned path and the ideal path is within a preset range, and determining the planned path as a motion path of the robot, thereby improving the motion efficiency.

Abstract: Techniques for drone device control are provided. In one example, a computer-implemented method comprises establishing, by a plurality of drone devices respectively operatively coupled to processors and coordinating with one other, a defined region of a defined coordinate space of a geographic area, wherein the defined region is associated with an animal. The computer-implemented method also comprises monitoring, by the plurality of drone devices, a physical relationship between the animal and the defined region. The computer-implemented method can also comprise, in response to identifying that the physical relationship between the animal and the defined region fails to meet a criterion, performing, by the plurality of drone devices, a pattern of operations selected to alter the physical relationship between the animal and the defined region to satisfy the criterion.

Abstract: The disclosure includes embodiments for autonomous feature optimization. In some embodiments, a method includes generating one or more candidate navigation routes for a driver of a vehicle. In some embodiments, the method includes determining a set of autonomous features to be provided by the vehicle for each of the one or more candidate navigation routes. In some embodiments, the method includes determining that the set of autonomous features includes an unsafe autonomous feature that is not safe to use during any part between the start point and the end point of the one or more candidate navigation routes. In some embodiments, the method includes displaying a user interface that includes the one or more candidate navigation routes and corresponding autonomous features that are available for each of the one or more candidate navigation routes, wherein the user interface excludes the unsafe autonomous feature.

Abstract: In one embodiment a plurality of transportation requests received from a plurality of subscribers to the transportation service are accessed, wherein a group of a plurality of drivers of the transportation receive one or more of the plurality of transportation requests. At least one performance score over a time period is generated for each driver of the group of drivers of the transportation service based at least in part on the transportation requests. A distribution of a compensation pool associated with the time period among the drivers of the group is determined according to the at least one performance score.

Abstract: A method of dynamic path generation in a navigational controller includes: generating (i) a plurality of paths extending from a starting location to a goal location, and (ii) a cost for each of the paths; selecting, based on the costs, an optimal path for execution from the plurality of paths; storing a subset of the costs in a cost history queue; responsive to detecting an obstacle during execution of the optimal path, retrieving one of the costs from the cost history queue; determining an initial re-planning search space based on the cost retrieved from the cost history queue; and initiating generation of a re-planned path within the initial re-planning search space.

Abstract: A method of mowing multiple areas includes training a robotic mower to mow at least two areas separated by a space, including moving the robotic mower about the areas while storing data indicative of location of boundaries of each area relative to boundary markers, training the robotic mower to move across the space separating the areas, and initiating a mowing operation. Training the robotic mower to move across the space separating the areas includes moving the robotic mower to a traversal launch point of a first of the areas and moving the robotic mower to a traversal landing point of a second of the areas. The mowing operation causes the robotic mower to move to the traversal launch point, move from the traversal launch point across the space to the traversal landing point, and then mow the second of the areas.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle control apparatus that controls automated driving of a vehicle. The apparatus includes an extraction unit configured to extract an object existing around the vehicle from a scene image representing a peripheral status of the vehicle, and a control unit configured to calculate a moving locus of the object and a moving locus of the vehicle for a predetermined time from time when the scene image is acquired, and generate a moving locus by correcting the moving locus of the object based on the moving locus of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for receiving autonomous vehicle (AV) driving path data associated with a driving path in a roadway of a geographic location. The driving path data associated with a trajectory for an AV in a roadway and trajectory points in a trajectory of the driving path in the roadway for determining at least one feature of the roadway positioned a lateral distance from a first trajectory of the one or more trajectories of the driving path of an AV based on the map data. The method includes receiving map data associated with a map of a geographic location, determining a driving path for an AV in a roadway, generating driving path information based on a trajectory point in a trajectory of the driving path, and providing driving path data associated with the driving path to an AV for controlling the AV on the roadway.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle (AV) software management system can collect historical data of harmful events of human-driven vehicles (HDVs) within an autonomy grid on which AVs operate. For each path segment of the autonomy grid, the system can determine a fractional risk value for HDVs. The system may also receive AV data from a fleet of AVs operating throughout the autonomy grid, and for each path segment of the autonomy grid, the system can evaluate AV performance against the fractional risk values for HDVs based on the received AV data.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for a mobile robot to move in proximity to an obstacle. In the method, the mobile robot moves at a preset speed in a preset direction when it is detected that a distance between the mobile robot and the obstacle reaches a preset distance; a robot predicted moving space of the mobile robot in a next moving cycle is calculated based on the preset speed and the preset direction; and an adjusted speed and an adjusted direction of the mobile robot are determined based on the robot predicted moving space, so as to make the mobile robot move in proximity to the obstacle at the adjusted speed in the adjusted direction.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes a computing system receiving information from an autonomous vehicle (AV). Based on the received information, the system may identify a target objective, with an associated target destination, for the AV and determine that the AV is able to transport passengers while furthering the target objective. The system may receive multiple ride requests from ride requestors, respectively. Each of the ride requests is associated with an origination location and a destination location. The system may match the AV with one of the ride requests based on a location of the AV, the target destination of the target objective, and the origination location and destination location associated with the ride request. The system may instruct the AV to perform a transportation task from the origination location to the destination location associated with the ride request, and drive to the target destination after completing the transportation task.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to testing predictions of an autonomous vehicle relating to another vehicle or object in a roadway. For instance, one or more processors may plan to maneuver the autonomous vehicle to complete an action and predict that the other vehicle will take a responsive action. The autonomous vehicle is then maneuvered towards completing the action in a way that would allow the autonomous vehicle to cancel completing the action without causing a collision between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, and in order to indicate to the second vehicle or a driver of the second vehicle that the first vehicle is attempting to complete the action. Thereafter, when the first vehicle is determined to be able to take the action, the action is completed by controlling the first vehicle autonomously using the determination of whether the second vehicle begins to take the particular responsive action.

Abstract: An automatic vehicle dispatching system includes automatic vehicles, and a server device that performs communication with the automatic vehicles. The server device includes: a storage that stores: area information that includes path points in a predetermined area that indicate a drive route, each of the path points including driving attributes that represent an automatic vehicle movement state on the drive route; and vehicle information indicating a vehicle attribute of each of the automatic vehicles; and a route searcher that generates, for each of the automatic vehicles, first route information that includes path points selected from among the path points of the area information according to the vehicle information that corresponds to the automatic vehicle, the first route information indicating a first drive route for the automatic vehicle. Each of the automatic vehicles is controlled to drive based on the first route information generated.

Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a detection unit detecting an object around the vehicle, a storage unit storing static object information acquired in advance and reliability of the static object information in association with each other, an acquisition unit acquiring calculation load information of the vehicle control device, a decision unit deciding a reliability threshold to be small with respect to an increase in a calculation load based on the calculation load information, a selection unit selecting the static object information associated with reliability equal to or greater than the reliability threshold from the static object information, a target decision unit deciding a tracking target by comparing a detection result and the static object information selected by the selection unit to each other, a tracking unit tracking the tracking target, and a control unit performing the traveling control based on a tracking result.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for drone path planning are described herein. A system for drone path planning for a drone, the system to perform the operations: storing a current location of the drone as a current waypoint in a set of waypoints, the set of waypoints to include the current waypoint and a previous waypoint; detecting a current set of frontiers from the current location; storing the current set of frontiers in a list of active goals, the current set of frontiers associated with the current location; determining whether a target is discovered in the current set of frontiers; exploring the current set of frontiers to attempt to find the target; and exploring a previous set of frontiers from the list of active goals, when exploring the current set of frontiers does not, discover the target, the previous set of frontiers associated with the previous waypoint.

Abstract: Provided is a communication apparatus installed in a vehicle, the communication apparatus including: an acquisition unit configured to acquire, via a network installed in the vehicle, a plurality of types of status information each indicating a status of the vehicle; an information creation unit configured to create, on the basis of each piece of the status information acquired by the acquisition unit, feature information having a data amount smaller than a total of data amounts of the respective pieces of the status information, the feature information including a feature amount of a traveling status of the vehicle; and a transmission unit configured to transmit vehicle information based on the feature information created by the information creation unit, to another communication apparatus.

Abstract: A first wireless device is mountable in a vehicle. An acquiring unit acquires position information on the vehicle in which the first wireless device is mounted. A calculating unit calculates a difference between the position information acquired by the acquiring unit and an ideal route for the vehicle. A communication unit transmits a packet signal that contains the difference calculated by the calculating unit and the position information acquired by the acquiring unit.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission control apparatus including a manual shift instructing portion outputting a manual shift instruction for upshifting or downshifting a transmission, and an electric control unit including a microprocessor and a memory to control a shift operation. The microprocessor controls the shift operation in accordance with a first shift chart stored in the memory based on vehicle information before the manual shift instruction is output, controls the shift operation in accordance with the manual shift instruction when the manual shift instruction is output, and controls the shift operation in accordance with a second shift chart stored in the memory based on the vehicle information when a predetermined mode switch condition is established after the manual shift instruction is output.

Abstract: A passive infra-red guidance system and method for augmenting operation of an autonomous vehicle on a roadway includes at least one forward-looking infra-red imaging sensor mounted on the vehicle in operative communication with an image processor tied into the vehicle's operational system. The system determines the left and right edges of the roadway using thermal imaging, and then determines the centerline of the travel lane in which the vehicle is travelling based on the determined left and right edges of the roadway. The system then compares the determined centerline of the travel lane with the actual position of the vehicle and identifies any adjustment needed for the vehicle's position based on the comparison. The left and right edge determination may comprise identifying a difference between a thermal signature representative of the roadway and a thermal signature representative of a non-roadway portion that is located proximate to the roadway portion.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for mobile device tethering for remote parking assist. An example vehicle includes ultra-wide angle cameras and a processor coupled to memory. The processor generates an interface based on a location of the mobile device including an overhead representation of the vehicle generated using images from the cameras and representations of a position of a mobile device and a boundary around the vehicle. The processor also sends the interface to the mobile device, and when the mobile device is not within the boundary, prevents autonomous parking of the vehicle.

Abstract: A transport facilitation system can receive a pick-up request from a computing device of a user of a transportation arrangement service, the pick-up request comprising a unique identifier and a pick-up location. Using the unique identifier, the system can perform a lookup in a database for a profile indicating vehicle setup preferences for the user, and select a service vehicle to service the pick-up request. The system can further determine a seat assignment within the service vehicle for the user, and based on the vehicle setup preferences indicated in the profile, the system transmit a set of configuration instructions to the service vehicle, the set of configuration instructions to configure one or more adjustable components of the service vehicle for the user.

Abstract: Detection of merge scenarios by an autonomous vehicle (AV) is disclosed. A system includes a memory and a processor. The memory includes instructions executable by the processor to, in response to detecting a merge scenario, identify an interacting object pair including a merging object and a crossing object, where the AV is the merging object; generate a yield hypothesis and a no-yield hypothesis; compute a yield reference path corresponding to the yield hypothesis and a no-yield reference path corresponding to the no-yield hypothesis; determine a yield likelihood of the yield hypothesis and a no-yield likelihood of the no-yield hypothesis; and operate the AV to merge or to wait until the merge scenario is no longer detected based on the yield likelihood and the no-yield likelihood.

Abstract: A parking assistance apparatus includes a display unit configured to display an image of an area around a vehicle; a sensor unit configured to detect at least one object around the vehicle; and at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to perform an automatic parking function that moves the vehicle to a target parking position by: calculating a congestion level for the automatic parking function based on information about the at least one object around the vehicle detected by the sensor unit; and executing the automatic parking function according to the calculated congestion level.