Abstract: A method for authenticating at least one diagnostic trouble code (DTC) generated by a motor vehicle system of a vehicle. The method generates a DTC by a fault detection algorithm, stores the DTC in a volatile fault memory, generates an identity marker denoting the fault detection algorithm at the time of generation of the DTC, stores the identity marker in NVM, stores the DTC in the NVM when an ignition-off request signal is present, loads the DTC from the NVM into the volatile memory when an ignition-on request signal is present, and authenticates the DTC by the authentication data record by, initially by determining the fault detection algorithm by which the fault event was detected, subsequently this fault detection algorithm being compared with the fault detection algorithm indicated by the identity marker, and an absence of concordance resulting in a manipulation of the DTC being indicated.

Abstract: An electronic control unit (ECU) for vehicles is described, including memory to store encrypted data and unencrypted data; a main control unit operatively connected to memory to access unencrypted data; and a hardware encryption-decryption device operatively connected to memory to access encrypted/decrypted data for decryption using a hardware algorithm and for encryption using a hardware algorithm. Data in the memory is decrypted by the hardware encryption-decryption device using the hardware algorithm and stored in memory for use by the main control unit. Data in memory is encrypted by the hardware encryption-decryption device using the hardware algorithm for storage in memory. The main control unit and the hardware encryption-decryption device are separate integrate circuits on a same substrate or and are connected by a bus and can process data in parallel. An external bus can communicate encrypted information with the ECU to allow encrypt/decrypt at run time (on-the-fly) and wire-speed.

Abstract: A vehicle drive device includes: an electric motor; a multi-plate clutch including a plurality of clutch plates; a pressing mechanism configured to press the multi-plate clutch; an output rotary member to which a drive force of the electric motor is transferred through the multi-plate clutch; and a control device configured to control the electric motor and the pressing mechanism. The control device is configured to control the pressing mechanism using information on the result of test operation performed while the vehicle is stationary.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method and apparatus for multi vehicle sensor suite diagnosis in a motor vehicle including a receiver operative to receive a remote vehicle sensor data indicative of a location of a target, a sensor operative to collect a host vehicle sensor data indicative of the location of the target, a processor operative to generate a sensor confidence score in response to a comparison of the first remote vehicle sensor data and the host vehicle sensor data, the processor being further operative to perform an assisted driving operation in response to the sensor confidence score, and a transmitter for transmitting the host vehicle sensor data and the sensor confidence score to a first remote vehicle.

Abstract: A method for controlling an automatic hybrid transmission of the motor vehicle is disclosed, wherein the hybrid transmission has at least two engageable gear stages with different transmission ratios, and wherein at least one variable driving range, i.e., at least one specific dynamic powertrain path is engageable such that the entire output torque of the output shaft is formed from the respective drive torque of the internal combustion machine and the electric machine. Losses of comfort to the driver and/or the danger of component damage and the associated costs are reduced by checking during a stopping process, and/or during a deceleration process of the motor vehicle and a downshifting that is requested in this context whether there is a specific operating situation, and the variable driving range is engaged in the event that a specific operating situation exists.

Abstract: According to aspects of the disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed comprising: a controller; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the controller, the ADC including an input terminal for receiving a sensor signal from a transducer; and a diagnostic circuit coupled to the input terminal of the ADC and to the controller, the diagnostic circuit being configured to: generate a diagnostic signal that indicates whether a voltage at the input terminal of the ADC meets a first threshold, and provide the diagnostic signal to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to: receive a data sample from the ADC, detect whether the data sample meets a second threshold, and transition the apparatus into a safe state when: (i) the diagnostic signal indicates that the voltage at the input terminal does not meet the first threshold, and (ii) the data sample meets the second threshold.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and verifying weather information using a weather condition detection system of a vehicle is provided. The method includes receiving weather information by a computing device within the vehicle. The weather information is verified locally at the vehicle using the computing device. Verifying the weather information includes optically verifying the weather information using a vehicle video system of the vehicle comprising a camera.

Abstract: A system configured to avoid a rear-cross traffic collision includes an obstacle detection unit detecting a position of an obstacle by receiving electromagnetic waves reflected off a reflection point of the obstacle; a direction estimation unit estimating a traveling direction of the obstacle on the basis of the position of the obstacle detected by the obstacle detection unit; and a collision determination unit determining possibility of a collision with the obstacle on the basis of the traveling direction of the obstacle estimated by the direction estimation unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for validating a fluid level sensor having a floating element are provided. First readings are acquired from the fluid level sensor indicative of fluid levels sensed via the floating element during a first period of operation of the fluid level sensor. A validated range of fluid levels for the fluid level sensor is determined based on the first readings. At least one second reading is acquired from the fluid level sensor during a second period of operation, subsequent to the first period of operation. A starting position of the floating element for the second period of operation is determined based on the at least one second reading. When the starting position of the floating element is within the validated range, validating the at least one second reading.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described for disturbance feedforward compensation technique for improving the disturbance rejection properties of a closed loop position control system. According to one or more embodiments, a steering system includes a position controller that generates a torque command based on an input rack-position command and a measured position command. Further, a disturbance estimator that estimates a rack force acting on a rack, and an adder generates an adjusted torque command by adding the rack force that is estimated into the torque command. The steering system further includes an actuator that positions the rack according to the adjusted torque command.

Abstract: Provided are a safety control system and method for an autonomous vehicle. The safety control system includes a sensor installed in a vehicle and including at least a camera and a light detection and ranging (LiDAR), a main domain control unit (DCU) configured to control autonomous driving from an origin to a destination on the basis of various kinds of information transferred through communication with the sensor, and a redundancy DCU configured to ensure safety of the vehicle by performing a safety function when an event occurs in the autonomous driving due to a fault of the main DCU. According to this configuration, the main DCU and the redundancy DCU are provided, and thus it is possible to simultaneously ensure a fully autonomous driving function and a system safety control function.

Abstract: One variation of a method for autonomous navigation includes, at an autonomous vehicle: recording a first image via a first sensor and a second image via a second sensor during a scan cycle; calculating a first field of view of the first sensor and a second field of view of the second sensor during the scan cycle based on surfaces represented in the first and second images; characterizing a spatial redundancy between the first sensor and the second sensor based on an overlap of the first and second fields of view; in response to the spatial redundancy remaining below a threshold redundancy, disabling execution of a first navigational action—action informed by presence of external objects within a first region of a scene around the autonomous vehicle spanning the overlap—by the autonomous vehicle; and autonomously executing navigational actions, excluding the first navigational action, following the scan cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a driver assistance system of a motor vehicle, wherein the motor vehicle is initially operated in a piloted or fully autonomous driving mode by a driver assistance device. Piloting data is provided by a control device of the motor vehicle, which describes at least one operating parameter of a motor vehicle system of the motor vehicle or the surroundings of the motor vehicle, and are navigation data. It is checked whether a totality of the provided piloting data meets a piloting condition, which stipulates a minimum requirement for the totality of the provided piloting data for implementing the piloted or fully autonomous driving mode. Upon failure to meet the piloting condition, an abort of the driving mode is determined and a driving situation signal is generated, which describes the piloting data and this signal is transmitted to a communication unit of a motor vehicle-external server device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a work vehicle management system including: a battery work information generation unit that generates battery work information indicating a use state of a battery during work of a work vehicle; a battery deterioration information generation unit that chronologically diagnoses the battery work information to generate battery deterioration information that indicates a deterioration trend of the battery that is unique to the work vehicle; and a notification unit that performs notification of the battery deterioration information to a manager of the work vehicle.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a vehicle makes the vehicle travel without depending on operation of a shift operation apparatus by a driver, even in a case where a detection abnormality by which a shift operation position of the shift operation apparatus becomes indefinite has occurred.

Abstract: An application installation device, which is connected to a plurality of electronic control units, receives (i) a first application to be installed and (ii) application usage information indicating a second application used by the first application, while storing existing application information indicating an existing application installed in each of the plurality of electronic control units. In response to determining that the second application is included as the existing application based on the existing application information, a determined electronic control unit in which the first application and the second application are enabled to be installed is determined as an installation destination of the first application among the plurality of electronic control units. The first application is transmitted to the determined electronic control unit.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a control device for a vehicle with an internal fault monitoring circuit comprising: a safe computing unit executing a monitoring function for monitoring the safe computing unit and the monitoring function; and an unsafe computing unit executing the monitoring function. Monitoring the monitoring function of the safe computing unit changing the operation of the monitoring function of the safe computing unit to induce faults in the monitoring function of the unsafe computing unit. The monitoring function of the unsafe computing unit detects the induced faults in the operation of the monitoring function of the safe computing unit and reports the induced faults to the monitoring of the monitoring function of the safe computing unit.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system such that functions of a vehicle control system can be quickly reconfigured. The present invention is a processing device connected to at least one processing device, wherein during a period in which the one processing device executes a control operation on the basis of a control program installed in the one processing device, the processing device acquires a substitute program for the control program. In another aspect, the present invention is an on-board control system equipped with multiple processing devices, wherein during a period in which one processing device among the multiple processing devices executes a control operation on the basis of a control program installed in the one processing device, another processing device acquires a substitute program for the program in the one processing device.

Abstract: A method of verifying torque measurements of a reaction torque transducer of an instrument drive unit includes a controller receiving a verification signal, generating an acceptable range of torques, receiving a torque signal, comparing the torque signal to the acceptable range of torques, and stopping a motor if the torque applied by the motor is outside of the acceptable range of torques. The verification signal is indicative of the current drawn by the motor and the torque signal is indicative of torque applied by the motor.

Abstract: A safety stoppage device for an autonomous road vehicle having at least one control network and sensor, and an autonomous drive-control unit for processing sensor and communication signals and providing control signals for lateral and longitudinal control. A primary brake-control unit is configured to monitor the longitudinal control signals for faults and, upon determination of a fault, execute a longitudinal control profile, stored independent from the autonomous drive-control unit, to perform braking to a stop.

Abstract: A method to operate a motor vehicle having a number of wheels is described. The method determines a steering angle for an automotive application. A steering angle ? is estimated using a yaw rate ?, a revolution rate of at least one wheel, a wheelbase L and a characteristic speed of the vehicle vch based on a single-track model. Preferably, the steering angle is calculated using the yaw rate ?, the selected gear i, the wheelbase L, the speed v and the characteristic speed of the vehicle vch according to the formula ?=[?*i*L*(1+v2/vch2)]/v. An application, such as adaptive light control during turns, that requires knowledge of the steering angle of the motor vehicle is carried out based on an estimated steering angle.

Abstract: A device that includes a die and a substrate coupled to the die. The substrate includes a dielectric layer and a plurality of embedded interconnects. Each embedded interconnect located through a first planar surface of the substrate such that a first portion of the embedded interconnect is located within the dielectric layer and a second portion of the embedded interconnect is external of the dielectric layer. In some implementations, the substrate includes a core layer. In some implementations, the dielectric layer and the plurality of embedded interconnects may be part of a build up layer of the substrate.

Abstract: System for emergency ventilation of an underwater environment (dry); the system includes a supply device to supply air; a capsule to be immersed in water to a depth of at least 60 meters; a duct to fluidically connect the power device to the capsule; a duct in order to fluidically connect the capsule to the underwater environment; a duct to fluidically connect the underwater environment to the capsule; a compressor to discharge the gas, arriving in the capsule from the underwater environment, in water at a depth of at least 60 meters.

Abstract: A method for a high-voltage energy system of a vehicle wherein a pre-accident error state is determined which shows the current existing error of the high-voltage energy system prior to the time of an accident. Then an accident event is determined. A post-accident error state is determined which shows the current existing error of the high-voltage energy system according to the time of the accident. The high-voltage energy system is deactivated in accordance with the accident, the pre-accident error state, and the post-accident error state.

Abstract: A network system analyzes data samples using embeddings based on, for example, symbolic representations of the data samples or representations in latent dimension space. The network system coordinates providers who provide geographical location-based services to users. The network system may receive data samples from the client device of a provider. For instance, a sensor of the client device captures the data samples during a transportation service along a particular route. To verify that the data samples accurately indicate the location or movement of the provider, the network system can generate a test embedding representing the data samples and compare the test embedding with a reference embedding. The reference embedding is generated based on data samples captured for other similar services, e.g., corresponding to providers who also provided transportation services along the same particular route.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for restricting work produced by combustion in a combustion chamber, wherein an aftertreatment system is arranged for reduction of at least one substance resulting from the combustion, wherein the work produced by the combustion is restricted when there is a malfunction regarding reduction of the at least one substance. The method includes: performing a first evaluation regarding the reduction of the at least one substance, when the first evaluation indicates a malfunction, performing a second evaluation regarding the reduction of the at least one substance, the second evaluation being different from the first evaluation, and restricting work produced by the combustion only when a malfunction regarding reduction of the at least one substance is indicated also by the second evaluation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided herein for time-stamping a Controller Area Network (“CAN”) bus message. Control circuitry (e.g., of a network bridge) may receive a CAN message, and may, in response to receiving the CAN message, generate a time stamp. The control circuitry may add an entry to a lookup table stored in memory, wherein the entry correlates a CAN message Identifier (“ID”) corresponding to the CAN message with the time stamp. The control circuitry may encapsulate the CAN message and the time stamp, and may transmit the CAN message according to the time stamp.

Abstract: A method for detecting defeat devices in an engine control unit (ECU) includes storing with a key-data collection unit, a first key-data determined during an environmental test of a vehicle. The key-data collection unit stores a second key-data determined before the environmental test. Wherein, one of the first key-data is determined by the ECU modified by a characteristic only present before the environmental test and the second key-data is determined by the ECU modified by a characteristic only present during the environmental test. An environmental testing device compares the first key-data with the second key-data to detect an anomaly, wherein the anomaly indicates the presence of the defeat device in the ECU.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to systems and methods for showing information from a management server on a mobile client device to facilitate the management of industrial vehicles. Embodiments of the system can include a plurality of industrial vehicles communicatively coupled to the management server, and a mobile client device communicatively coupled to the management server. The mobile client device can include a display, a wireless communication circuit, and one or more client processors. Encoded objects, vehicular objects, or combinations thereof can be shown upon the display of the mobile client device to show information from the management server.

Abstract: A method for determining a leakage in a hydraulic brake system in a vehicle includes evaluating a suspected leakage in the hydraulic brake system and taking into account an actuation of an automated hand brake during the evaluation of the suspected leakage. The hydraulic brake system has a hydraulic footbrake and the automated hand brake has an electromechanical actuator. The hydraulic footbrake and the automated hand brake are configured to act on the same brake piston.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for restricting work produced in a combustion chamber, wherein a substance resulting from combustion is reduced by supplying additive comprising a reagent to the exhaust gas stream. The method comprising: determining if a quality of said additive, estimated by means of a first sensor, being subjected to said additive, is below a first quality; determining if signals from a second sensor, being subjected to the exhaust gas stream, indicate insufficient reduction of said at least one substance; determining if a correction of the supply of additive has reached an upper limit; and restricting work produced by combustion only when: said estimated quality of said additive is below said first quality, said correction has reached said upper limit, and said measurement in the exhaust gas stream indicates insufficient reduction.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described for providing a redundant processor. An example processing unit includes a source processor coupled with a system communication bus via a first communication line; a backup processor coupled with the system communication bus via a second communication line; and an inter-microprocessor communication channel for communication between the source processor and the backup processor. The backup processor monitors for a failure of the source processor by monitoring the first communication line for communication messages being transmitted by the source processor. The backup processor determines a failure of the source processor in response to an absence of the communication messages on the first communication line for a predetermined duration. The backup processor, in response to a failure of the source processor, takes over control of communication of the processing unit by sending a status update on the inter-microprocessor communication channel.

Abstract: An emergency park brake system of an aircraft may include a user input interface configured to receive actuation input from a user. The emergency park brake system may also include a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensor that are both coupled to the user input interface. The first displacement sensor may be configured to detect displacement of the user input interface and generate a first status of the user input interface and the second displacement sensor may be configured to also detect displacement of the user input interface and generate a second status of the user input interface. The emergency park brake system may also include a controller having a processor and memory. The controller may be configured to determine an emergency park brake condition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide for a system and method for reducing erroneous detection of input command gestures. The method is performed by the system and includes storing a reference time value of when a presence of a human body part is detected by a first sensor and storing a further time value of when a presence of a human body part is detected by a second sensor. The reference time value and further time value are compared to provide a difference value which is used to determine a valid occurrence of an input command gesture.

Abstract: A driving support apparatus performing a plurality of driving support includes: a reliability acquiring unit that acquires each reliability of a plurality of detection apparatus, the reliability representing likelihood of a detection result of the detection apparatus; a determination unit that determines whether or not each of the detection apparatus is a high reliability apparatus determined based on a reliability threshold; a correspondence acquiring unit that acquires correspondence information representing a correspondence between combinations of the plurality of detection apparatus including information of whether or not each apparatus is a high reliability apparatus, and types of driving support to be performed; a setting unit that sets a driving support to be performed, based on a result of the determination; an executing unit that executes the driving support to be performed; and an output unit that outputs a command to allow the executing unit to execute the driving support.

Abstract: A network system analyzes data samples using embeddings based on, for example, symbolic representations of the data samples or representations in latent dimension space. The network system coordinates providers who provide geographical location-based services to users. The network system may receive data samples from the client device of a provider. For instance, a sensor of the client device captures the data samples during a transportation service along a particular route. To verify that the data samples accurately indicate the location or movement of the provider, the network system can generate a test embedding representing the data samples and compare the test embedding with a reference embedding. The reference embedding is generated based on data samples captured for other similar services, e.g., corresponding to providers who also provided transportation services along the same particular route.

Abstract: One example dynamic display system includes: (a) a vehicle including steering, an accelerator, brakes, sensors recording sensor data, a display, a processor, and memory; (b) a display program operatively coupled to the processor and configured to: determine a user hindrance rating based on the sensor data, and select instructions from a pool of instructions based on the hindrance rating and a user-selectable fidelity level, the pool of instructions including visual cues, and audio cues.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for detecting a malfunction of at least one sensor for controlling a restraining device of a vehicle. In this context, in a first step a vehicle state signal representing a vehicle state of the vehicle is read in. In a second step a fault detection function for detecting the malfunction using the vehicle state signal is changed in order to detect the malfunction with a sensitivity level which is dependent on the vehicle state.

Abstract: A method of determining a cause of a performance deficiency of a vehicle may include: Determining whether the vehicle is operating in a defined load condition; comparing an actual vehicle performance parameter with a predetermined baseline performance parameter for the defined load condition; comparing a plurality of key indicator values of the vehicle with a predetermined specification for each of the plurality of key indicator values; concluding that the performance deficiency is the result of a mechanical condition of the vehicle when at least one of the key indicator values is outside of the predetermined specification for a corresponding key indicator value and when the actual vehicle performance parameter is outside of the predetermined baseline performance parameter; and concluding that the performance deficiency is the result of an operational condition when none of the key indicator values is outside of the predetermined specification for the corresponding key indicator value and when the actual vehi

Abstract: A motion detection system having detection circuitry, motion recognition circuitry, and communication circuitry is provided. The detection circuitry is configured to detect gestures or motions of a welding system operator. In some embodiments, the detection circuitry is configured to detect gestures or motions of a welding operator via an accessory device, where the accessory device is in wireless communication with the motion detection system. The motion recognition circuitry receives the detected gestures or motions, and translates the detected gestures or motions into a welding command. The welding command is communicated to a welding system via the communications circuitry, and is configured to adjust an operating parameter of the welding system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for detecting faults in a sensor and reconstructing an output signal without use of the faulty sensor. In one embodiment, a method includes: receiving, by a processor, sensor data indicating a measured value from a first sensor; receiving, by a processor, sensor data indicating measured values from a plurality of other sensors; computing, by a processor, virtual values based on a vehicle model and the sensor data from the plurality of other sensors; computing, by a processor, a residual difference between the measured value from the first sensor and the virtual values; detecting, by a processor, whether a fault exists in the first sensor based on the residual difference; and when a fault in the sensor is detected, generating, by a processor, a control value based on the virtual values instead of the measured value.

Abstract: A device, a sensor arrangement, a system and a method are provided for checking the plausibility of sensor data. The plausibility of the results of processing of sensor data is checked with an independent module by an alternative verification method at each stage, and quality indicators are calculated for the reliability of the calculated data from this plausibility check, which can be taken into account during further processing.

Abstract: An input device includes: an operation surface, on which an operation body performs an input; a distance acquisition unit acquiring a distance between the operation surface and the operation body; an operation region setting unit setting a first operation region, in which the distance is less than a threshold value, and a second operation region, in which the distance is equal to or greater than the threshold value; a display screen switching unit detecting a moving operation of the operation body, and switching the display screen; a prohibition state setting unit setting a prohibition state that the display screen is not switched by the moving operation in the second operation region; a signal determination unit determining whether a signal from a switching operation unit is a prohibition state cancellation signal; and a prohibition state cancellation unit cancelling the prohibition state in case of the prohibition state cancellation signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting airflow control surface skew conditions are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes an aircraft wing, a support linkage, and a flap coupled to the aircraft wing via the support linkage. The example apparatus includes a sensor coupled to the flap at a location proximate to the support linkage. The sensor is configured to generate vibration data for the location. The example apparatus includes a detector communicatively coupled to the sensor. The detector is to detect a skew condition of the flap based on the vibration data.

Abstract: A vehicle includes: a motor, sensors, steering, a suspension, a terrain mode switch, processor(s) configured to: implement a selected terrain mode by tuning at least one of the motor, steering, and suspension; record selected terrain modes; compute a confidence factor based on the recorded selections; determine a road condition based on the sensors; display guidance based on the confidence factor and the road condition.

Abstract: A method for detecting the location of and isolating a leak in a braking system by simultaneously controlling a direct apply subsystem (DAS) and an isolated apply subsystem (IAS) to enable fluid communication between the IAS and the first circuit; to block fluid communication of the DAS with the first circuit; to enable fluid communication of the DAS with the second circuit; and to block fluid communication of the IAS with the second circuit. A sensed travel of an isolated apply component and a sensed fluid pressure developed by the IAS may be used to determine if the leak is present in the first circuit, while simultaneously using the sensed travel of a direct apply component of the DAS, and a sensed fluid pressure developed by the DAS, to determine if the leak is present in the second circuit.

Abstract: A network system analyzes data samples using embeddings based on, for example, symbolic representations of the data samples or representations in latent dimension space. The network system coordinates providers who provide geographical location-based services to users. The network system may receive data samples from the client device of a provider. For instance, a sensor of the client device captures the data samples during a transportation service along a particular route. To verify that the data samples accurately indicate the location or movement of the provider, the network system can generate a test embedding representing the data samples and compare the test embedding with a reference embedding. The reference embedding is generated based on data samples captured for other similar services, e.g., corresponding to providers who also provided transportation services along the same particular route.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for operating local area network (LAN) switches in a vehicle. A system includes a plurality of sensors, a mode determination module, and a LAN switch. The sensors are configured to generate a plurality of data streams. The mode determination module is configured for determining a current driving mode of the vehicle. The LAN switch is configured for selectively transmitting and selectively inhibiting each of the plurality of data streams based on the current driving mode of the vehicle.

Abstract: Electromechanical adapter having at least one controller, wherein the adapter comprises at least a first interface for communication with at least one monitoring unit at the battery, a second interface for communication with a monitoring unit that is superordinate to the monitoring unit at the battery, and a third interface for the connection of at least one sensor and/or actuator, wherein the controller converts signals between the first and second interfaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device, in particular a control and evaluating unit, for operating a particle sensor (20) for determining a particle content in a gas flow, wherein the particle sensor (20) has, on the surface of the particle sensor, a sensor structure for determining a soot load and at least one heating element (26) separated from the sensor structure by an insulating layer, by means of which at least one heating element the particle sensor (20) can be heated up in a regeneration phase and in the process a soot load on the particle sensor (20) can be removed, and by means of the heating element (26) a heating phase can be performed at least at times before the regeneration phase, wherein in said heating phase a temperature that is significantly lower than the regeneration temperature is set, wherein short-term temperature drops as a result of wetting with water can be detected by means of a temperature sensor (27) integrated in the particle sensor (20).