Abstract: The invention provides methods of performing a sizing analysis. In the methods, a sizing ladder used in performing the sizing analysis is corrected. In one method, the sizing ladder is corrected for batch-to-batch variations in a sieving gel. In another method, the sizing ladder is corrected for a sample concentration that is different from the archival sizing ladder concentration. Methods are also provided in which the sizing ladder is corrected using a standard marker in a sample and/or using a real-time standard sizing ladder. The methods may be used individually or in combination.

Abstract: Calibration equipment for calibrating multiple test stations in a test system is provided. Each test station may include a test unit, a test chamber with multiple antennas, and radio-frequency (RF) cables that connect the test unit to the multiple antennas within the test chamber. Reference devices under test (DUTs) may be used to calibrate the OTA path loss of each test station while switching one of the multiple antennas into use one at a time at desired frequencies. A preferred antenna list indicating the preferred antenna that provides the optimal path loss for each desired frequency may be generated. Once calibrated, the test stations may be used during product testing to test factory DUTs to determine whether a particular production DUT satisfies pass/fail criteria. During product testing, a selected one of the multiple antennas is enabled based on the preferred antenna list to perform desired measurements.

Abstract: A measurement system has a transmitter for determining the position of a movable element, and a first energy store which, in the event of failure of an external electrical supply unit of the transmitter, supplies at least a part of the transmitter with electrical power such that a stored count of the transmitter is maintained in the event of failure of the external electrical supply voltage. The first energy store produces a first auxiliary supply voltage, wherein a first data item is stored in the transmitter when a reference mark of the transmitter is detected for the first time. The first data item is deleted in the event of failure of the external electrical supply voltage for the transmitter and failure of the first auxiliary supply voltage for the transmitter. As a result, an incorrectly determined position resulting from a failure of the electrical power supply for the transmitter can be identified.

Abstract: While an illumination optical system 2 is irradiating the surface of a contaminated standard wafer 110 with illumination light, this illumination light is scanned over the surface of the contaminated standard wafer 110, then detectors 31 to 34 of a detection optical system 3 each detect the light scattered from the surface of the contaminated standard wafer 110, next a predefined reference value in addition to detection results on the scattered light is used to calculate a compensation parameter “Comp” for detection sensitivity correction of photomultiplier tubes 331 to 334 of the detectors 31 to 34, and the compensation parameter “Comp” is separated into a time-varying deterioration parameter “P”, an optical characteristics parameter “Opt”, and a sensor characteristics parameter “Lr”, and correspondingly managed. This makes it easy to calibrate the detection sensitivity.

Abstract: A method for correcting errors in LWD depths includes performing torque and drag model analysis using drillstring weight, downhole friction, weight on bit, thermal expansion, rig heave and tide to produce a corrected time-depth file, wherein the torque and drag model is automatically calibrated using effective block weight, drillpipe wear, and sliding friction; and correcting time-based LWD data using the corrected time-depth file to produce depth-corrected LWD data. A system for correcting errors in LWD depths includes a processor and a memory that stores a program having instructions for: performing torque and drag model analysis using drillstring weight, downhole friction, weight on bit, thermal expansion, rig heave and tide to produce a corrected time-depth file, wherein the torque and drag model is automatically calibrated using effective block weight, drillpipe wear, and sliding friction; and correcting time-based LWD data using the corrected time-depth file to produce depth-corrected LWD data.

Abstract: A method of capturing user control inputs for an electronic device comprises sampling an input measurement signal at a capacitive input sensor of the electronic device to capture user control inputs for operating the electronic device. Electromagnetic interference affecting the sampling or the input measurement signal is electronically neutralized.

Abstract: To accurately calculate an attached angle of an accelerometer and accurately correct an acceleration that is obtained from the accelerometer: a frequency analyzing module of an acceleration corrector divides a sensor coordinate system acceleration into a bias frequency component, a gravity frequency component, a movement acceleration frequency component, and a noise frequency component, through a wavelet transform. The frequency analyzing module outputs a sum component of the gravity frequency component and the movement acceleration frequency component to an attached angle estimating module and a correcting operation module. The attached angle estimating module estimation-calculates the attached angle of an accelerometer and outputs it to the correcting operation module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for air-borne or space-borne radiometric measurement of object points imn present in an object scene on the surface of a astronomical body.

Abstract: A process variable transmitter includes a sensor drive controller that outputs a sensor drive signal that is used to drive a sensor that senses a process variable. The sensor drive controller changes the frequency of the sensor drive signal to avoid frequencies and associated harmonics at which noise occurs and which could interfere with the sensor signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for media characterization in a self-service terminal are described. The media us characterized in the self-service terminal by passing it by two electrodes and measuring the impedance across those two electrodes. The media is characterized by analyzing the measured impedance. The impedance may be measured by applying a modulated reference signal to one electrode and detecting the current on the second electrode. In an embodiment, the detected current may be converted into a voltage signal and mixed with a phase shifted version of the modulated reference signal.

Abstract: A magnetostriction-based sensor system for sensing force on a wind turbine rotor shaft having multiple localized magnetized domains sensitive to magnetostriction. The sensor system includes at least two sets of first and second magnetometers. The signals from the at least two sets of first and second magnetometers can be utilized to determine torsional and linear forces being exerted on the wind turbine rotor shaft.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the quality of maintenance performed on a wind turbine. A restoration factor is used to determine the quality of maintenance performed of the wind turbine. A restoration factor determined after a scheduled maintenance is compared to historical and comparative references to determine the quality of the maintenance performed on the wind turbine. Based upon these comparisons, maintenance of the wind turbine may be modified to increase the capacity of the wind turbine.

Abstract: A system for a vehicle includes an engine torque module, a torque detection module, a torque estimation module, a torque monitoring module, and a diagnostic module. The engine torque module generates a first estimated torque signal based on engine signals and/or GPS signals. The torque detection module generates an actual torque signal of a transmission. The torque estimation module generates a second estimated torque signal based on the first estimated torque signal and/or vehicle/engine values. The diagnostic module detects a fault of a torque sensor based on a torque difference between the actual torque signal and the second estimated torque signal. The torque monitoring module generates a first and a second torque signals based on actual torque signals that represent a lowest and a highest torque values respectively over a predetermined period. The diagnostic module detects the fault based on a torque difference the first and the second torque signals.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a multiple-triad triaxial accelerometer is provided. The method may include receiving accelerometer measured output from a first measurement triad and at least one additional measurement triad of the accelerometer. The method may further include aligning the output of a x, y, and z components of the first measurement triad to be substantially orthogonal with respect to each other, aligning the output of x, y, and z components of at least one additional measurement triad to be substantially orthogonal with respect to each other, and rotating the output of at least one measurement triad so the outputs of all measurement triads substantially align with each other. The method may further include storing the result of the alignment and rotation associated with at least one calibration function associated with the multiple-triad triaxial accelerometer. The alignment and rotation may be performed substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: A fluorescence intensity calculating apparatus, includes: a measuring section configured to receive fluorescences generated from plural fluorescent dyes excited by radiating a light to a microparticle multiply-labeled with the plural fluorescent dyes having fluorescence wavelength bands overlapping one another by photodetectors which correspond to different received light wavelength bands, respectively, and whose number is larger than the number of fluorescent dyes, and obtain measured spectra by collecting detected values from the photodetectors; and a calculating section configured to approximate the measured spectra based on a linear sum of single-dyeing spectra obtained from the microparticle individually labeled with the fluorescent dyes, thereby calculating intensities of the fluorescences generated from the fluorescent dyes, respectively.

Abstract: A procedure for self-calibration of an optical polarimeter has been developed that eliminates the need for “known” input signals to be used. The self-calibration data is then taken by moving a polarization controller between several random and unknown states of polarization (SOPs) and recording the detector output values (D0, . . . , D3) for each state of polarization. These values are then used to create an “approximate” calibration matrix. In one exemplary embodiment, the SOP of the incoming signal is adjusted three times (by adjusting a separate polarization controller element, for example), creating a set of four detector output values for each of the four polarizations states of the incoming signal—an initial calibration matrix. The first row of this initial calibration matrix is then adjusted to fit the power measurements using a least squares fit. In the third and final step, the remaining elements of the calibration matrix are adjusted to a given constraint (for example, DOP=100% for all SOPs).

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method are provided for adjusting an on-line appearance sensor system (OnLASS) for color and other appearance characteristic(s) of a web product produced during a production run of a web production system. The OnLASS is calibrated and its setting(s) are sent to a color error minimizer (CEM). The OnLASS measures a first appearance characteristic of the web product during the production run and the on-line measurement is sent to the CEM. After the production run, a second appearance characteristic of the web product is measured with an off-line appearance sensor system (OffLASS) and the off-line measurement is sent to the CEM. The CEM compares the on-line and off-line appearance measurements and adjusts at least one setting based on the comparison. The adjusted setting(s) are sent to the OnLASS.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing power usage are provided. The system includes a programmable microprocessor, at least one input mechanism, a memory having instructions and/or other information, a display, at least one power consuming power device and a remote server. The systems allows the user of a power consuming device to receive instructions or other information from the server. The method includes using stored program instructions to generate power device related information on a display, collecting power device data representative of the electrical current or power consumed, connecting to a remote computing facility having a server, and providing the data to a computer remotely located from the central server.

Abstract: A calibration device comprises a relative-value correction unit that performs a normalization for the measured output value based on a possible range of a measured output value and a normalization for a desired output value corresponding to the measured output value based on a range of the desired output value, an absolute-value correction unit that performs a normalization for the measured output value and the desired output value based on the range of the desired output value, a relative-value calibration unit that calibrates the measured output value normalized by the relative-value correction unit with reference to a characteristic of the desired output value normalized by the relative-value correction unit, and an absolute-value calibration unit that calibrates the measured output value normalized by the absolute-value correction unit with reference to the desired output value normalized by the absolute-value correction unit.

Abstract: A temperature sensing circuit is described providing a low power temperature sensing system. The temperature sensing circuit provides a digital method for determining the temperature by analyzing the change in electrical response characteristics of a circuit device.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a measuring device in process analysis technology, in which the measuring device is arranged remotely from a reference measuring device performing reference measurements, wherein measured values of the measuring device are compared to the reference measured values of the reference measuring device and from this comparison at least one calibration variable for the measuring device is derived. In order be able to perform the adjusting method very rapidly and without interrupting the working process of the measuring device, the measured values of the measuring device and the reference measured values of the reference measuring device are combined in a central data capture and processing software, the calibration value is ascertained by the central data capture and processing software and then the calibration variable is transmitted from the central data capture and processing software to the measuring device for adjusting the measured values.

Abstract: Vertical centre of mass movement measuring apparatus comprising an inertial sensing device, for producing outputs relating to rotation and acceleration in its local frame of reference and configured for fastening to the back of an animal, preferably a person, a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is programmed to provide a quaternion corresponding to the rotation of the inertial sensing device and a first acceleration, both based on an output of the rotation sensing device, and the processor is programmed to combine the quaternion and the first acceleration and based on the result of the combination to provide, when the device is fastened close enough to the centre of mass of a moving object such as a person, an estimate of vertical displacement, or a derivative of vertical displacement, of the centre of mass in a global reference frame.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, an industrial machine includes: a movement mechanism configured to move along a specific axis direction; a controller configured to control the movement mechanism; and an angle detector configured to detect an angle of the movement mechanism about an axis perpendicular to the specific axis direction. The controller comprises: an angular error acquisition section configured to acquire angular errors of the movement mechanism for respective positions of the movement mechanism based on the angle detected when the movement mechanism is moved; a parameter generator configured to generate respective straightness correction parameters for correcting straightness errors of the movement mechanism in the specific axis direction by integrating the angular errors at the respective positions of the movement mechanism; and a correction section configured to correct movement errors of the movement mechanism based on the straightness correction parameters.

Abstract: An information processing device acquires an output value in accordance with a state in which an operating device is held, acquires the output value in accordance with a predetermined first holding state of the operating device as a first reference value, acquires the output value in accordance with a predetermined second holding state of the operating device, different from the first holding state, as a second reference value, and calculates a state value indicative of the state in which the operating device is held, which is in accordance with the acquired output value, based on the first reference value and the second reference value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for adjusting a sensor signal and a corresponding sensor system comprising a sensor for providing a sensor signal representative of a measure other than temperature, dynamic components of the sensor signal being dependent on temperature. In addition there is provided a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature. Dynamic components in the sensor signal are adjusted subject to the temperature sensed, and a compensated sensor signal is supplied. Such sensor system helps compensating for long response times of sensors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a plant diagnostic system for diagnosing a problem with the plant. The plant diagnostic system can include an agent-based plant diagnostic network that has an adaptive global agent located in a central facility, a plant expert agent located at the plant and a plurality of subsystem resident agents. Each of the subsystem resident agents can be assigned to a subsystem of the plant. A diagnosis agent can also be included, the diagnosis agent operable to be instructed by the adaptive global agent, transmitted to the plant expert agent, be received by the plant expert agent, transmitted by the plant expert agent back to the adaptive global agent and be received by the adaptive global agent.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing power usage are provided. The system includes a programmable microprocessor, at least one input mechanism, a memory having instructions and/or other information, a display, at least one power consuming power device and a remote server. The systems allows the user of a power consuming device to receive instructions or other information from the server. The method includes using stored program instructions to generate power device related information on a display, collecting power device data representative of the electrical current or power consumed, connecting to a remote computing facility having a server, and providing the data to a computer remotely located from the central server.

Abstract: An electronic device can include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) operative to monitor the movement of the electronic device. The IMU used in the device can be inaccurate due to the manufacturing process used to construct the IMU and to incorporate the IMU in the electronic device. To correct the IMU output, the electronic device in which the IMU is incorporated can be placed in a testing apparatus that moves the device to known orientations. The IMU output at the known orientations can be compared to an expected true IMU output, and correction factors (e.g., sensitivity and offset matrices) can be calculated. The correction factors can be stored in the device, and applied to the IMU output to provide a true output. The testing apparatus can include a fixture placed in a gimbal movable around three axes.

Abstract: An electronic device can include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) operative to monitor the movement of the electronic device. The IMU used in the device can be inaccurate due to the manufacturing process used to construct the IMU and to incorporate the IMU in the electronic device. To correct the IMU output, the electronic device in which the IMU is incorporated can be placed in a testing apparatus that moves the device to known orientations. The IMU output at the known orientations can be compared to an expected true IMU output, and correction factors (e.g., sensitivity and offset matrices) can be calculated. The correction factors can be stored in the device, and applied to the IMU output to provide a true output. The testing apparatus can include a fixture placed in a gimbal movable around three axes.

Abstract: A personal mobile device housing contains a display screen, a wireless telephony communications transceiver, and a battery charger interface. A temperature sensor and a gyro sensor whose zero turn rate output contains an offset are also included. A lookup table has gyro zero turn rate offset correction values associated with different temperature values. A programmed processor accesses the lookup table to correct the output of the gyro sensor for zero turn rate offset. It is automatically determined, during in-the-field use, when the device is in a motionless state, and the output of the temperature and gyro sensors are read. The read gyro output is written to the lookup table as part of a pair of associated temperature and zero turn rate offset correction values. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A sensor, electrically connected to transponder, is calibrated in an environment of operational use of the transponder. The calibrating uses as a reference a value of a parameter representative of the environment.

Abstract: In a method for determining an offset of measured values of a multiaxial directional sensor using a superposed signal, a large number of multiaxial measured values are recorded first. Measured values, which are recorded in different orientations of the directional sensor, form a geometric figure in a coordinate system resulting from the measuring axes of the sensor, the ideal form of the geometric figure being known and the ideal center point of which being located at the origin of the measuring axes. In the case of a biaxial sensor, the geometric figure is a circle; in the case of a triaxial sensor, it is a sphere around the origin. The superposition caused by the interference is reflected in that the center point of the geometric figure is shifted in relation to the origin of the measuring axes. The offset is measured by determining this shift.

Abstract: An integrated circuit including an amplifier and a first circuit. The amplifier is configured to receive a sensed signal and provide an amplified signal. The first circuit is configured to track a first signal that is based on the amplified signal. The first circuit includes a first comparator, tracking logic and a first digital to analog converter. The first comparator is configured to respond to a second signal that is based on the first signal and provide a comparator output signal. The tracking logic is configured to receive the comparator output signal and update a digital output. The first digital to analog converter is configured to receive the digital output and provide a tracking signal that is summed with the first signal to provide the second signal.

Abstract: Tokenless biometric authorization of transaction between a consumer and a merchant uses an identicator and an access device. A consumer registers with the identicator a biometric sample taken from the consumer. The consumer and merchant establish communications via the access device. The merchant proposes a transaction to the consumer via the access device. The access device communicates to the merchant associated with the access device. After the consumer and merchant have agreed on the transaction, the consumer and the identicator use the access device to establish communications. The access device communicates to the identicator the code associated with the access device. The identicator compares biometric sample from the consumer with registered biometric sample. Upon successful identification, the identicator forwards information regarding the consumer to the merchant.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing optical spectroscopy using a self-calibrating fiber optic probe are disclosed. One self-calibrating fiber optic probe includes a sensing channel for transmitting illumination light to a specimen and for collecting spectral data of the specimen. The spectral data includes the illumination light diffusely reflected from the specimen at one or more wavelengths. The self-calibrating fiber optic probe may also include a calibration channel for transmitting calibration light. The calibration light and the illumination light are generated simultaneously from a common light source. The calibration channel collects calibration spectral data associated with the calibration light contemporaneously with the collection of the spectral data of the specimen.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a measuring system, which system comprises a structured light source, optics and a sensor. The light source is adapted to produce a light plane or sheet and the optics is located between the light plane and the sensor. The method is performed in order to obtain a mapping from the sensor to the light plane. In the method the light source is switched on such that the light plane is produced. In order to account for distortions due to the optics, a mapping calibration profile is introduced in the light plane, wherein the mapping calibration profile comprises at least three points forming a straight line. A non-linear mapping from the sensor to the light plane is then computed by using the at least three points. Next, in order to account for perspective distortions, a homography calibration profile is introduced in the light plane, wherein the homography calibration profile comprises at least four points the relative distance between which are predetermined.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a novel system and method for quickly characterizing a reflectance sensing device without measuring the full set of characterization color patch training samples currently used in manufacturing and characterizing individual sensors. In accordance with the teachings hereof, measurements of training samples taken with a previously manufactured ‘fleet master’ sensing device are adapted, in a manner more fully disclosed herein, based upon knowledge of the wavelengths of the illuminators used for both the subject and fleet master sensors, as well as spectral reflectance response of the training samples as measured by a reference spectrophotometer device. Utilizing the adapted measurements of the fleet master device, a reconstruction matrix can be quickly constructed for the subject sensor. The present system and method provides reasonably good accuracy using pre-existing measurement data. This results in manufacturing cost savings on a per-sensor basis.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus for a chemical sensor may include a conversion calculation unit that acquires a measurement value of a calibration solution that is measured by the chemical sensor and calculates a conversion calculation output, a calibration sensitivity extraction unit that receives the conversion calculation output and extracts a calibration sensitivity from the conversion calculation output, a calibration history storage unit that stores past histories of the calibration sensitivity, and a sensitivity variation curve prediction unit that predicts a sensitivity variation curve based on the past histories of the calibration sensitivity, the sensitivity variation curve prediction unit calculating a sensitivity correction value based on the sensitivity variation curve, the sensitivity variation curve prediction unit supplying the sensitivity correction value to a sensitivity correction part that performs a sensitivity correction in a measurement apparatus.

Abstract: A sensor function testing method and a computer program product thereof are provided. In the present method, a rearm type corresponding to a rearm function of a sensor in a server is obtained, wherein the sensor is in a normal status or one of a plurality of failure statuses. Then, the sensor is respectively triggered to enter and exit each of the failure statuses. If the rearm type is an auto rearm type and the sensor automatically returns to the normal status every time when the sensor is triggered to exit one of the failure statuses, the rearm function is determined as normal. If the rearm type is a manual rearm type and the sensor only returns to the normal status after receiving a rearm instruction every time when the sensor is triggered to exit one of the failure statuses, the rearm function is determined as normal.

Abstract: A technology capable of ensuring measurement results of a dark-field inspection apparatus up to a microscopic area is provided. A dark-field inspection apparatus is calibrated using a bulk wafer as a reference wafer, the bulk wafer having microroughness of an irregular asperity pattern accurately formed on a surface, and the microroughness of the surface having an ensured microroughness degree. The microroughness can be more accurately formed by a chemical treatment with a chemical solution. This microroughness is measured by using an AFM, and an expected haze value is obtained based on the measured value. Then, haze of the surface of the reference wafer is measured by the dark-field inspection apparatus to be inspected to obtain an actually-measured haze value, and a difference between the expected haze value and the actually-measured haze value is obtained.

Abstract: A sound signal generator testing apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a hermetic seal (2), a sound signal input unit (4), and at least a noise suppression unit (5). The sound signal input unit is for receiving sound signals transmitted from a sound signal generator (1) under testing. Each noise suppression unit includes a sound signal input unit, a low pass filter, an inverter, and an output. The sound signal input unit is for receiving sound signals. The low pass filter is for filtering the sound signals by passing the low frequencies of the sound signals that are below a predetermined value. The inverter is for inverting phases of the sound signals transmitted from the low pass filter and producing inverted sound signals. The output unit is placed behind the sound signal input unit for outputting the inverted sound signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for carrying out auto-calibration of one or more piezoelectric elements in a force transducer assembly of a vehicle wheel balancing system. Output electrical signals from the piezoelectric transducers in response to application of a known imbalance force are measured and recorded. Subsequently, during an auto-calibration procedure, a known input signal is selectively applied to at least one piezoelectric element in the force transducer assembly, and at least one output electrical signal is received from the force transducer assembly. The obtained auto-calibration output signals are evaluated with respect to the output signals obtained from a previous auto-calibration, and compensation values are derived there from for application to subsequent output signals obtained during imbalance measurements.

Abstract: To provide a NOx sensor value correcting device with improved precision in detecting NOx concentrations and an internal combustion engine exhaust purification system equipped with this sensor value correcting device.

Abstract: A measurement system includes a preexisting sensor, a transducer module installed in the pre-existing sensor including a memory storing information for identifying and operating the transducer, and a control device for communicating with the memory, the control device including a processor for automatically configuring the control device in response to data communicated from the memory and for collecting data from the pre-existing sensor. A method includes installing a transducer module into a preexisting sensor, and communicating between a memory of the transducer and a control device to automatically configure the control device in response to information for identifying and operating the transducer stored in the memory, and for collecting data from the pre-existing sensor.

Abstract: An integrated calibration system and process for a three-axis (X, Y, Z) accelerometer estimates Z-axis bias, Z-axis bias drift and determines X, Y, and Z-axes error sources based on measurements taken when the accelerometer is static, i.e., sensing only the earth's gravitational acceleration. Optimal on-the-fly error estimates for the three-axis accelerometer are obtained so that the measurements provided by the three-axis accelerometer remain error-free.

Abstract: A system and method for implementing a wireless sensor network. The system comprises a plurality of motes, each mote having a sensor and a wireless communication system for communicating with neighboring motes; a distributed routing table distributed amongst each of the plurality of motes; and an update system for periodically updating the distributed routing table.

Abstract: An angular velocity detection apparatus includes: a sensor unit having first and second detection axes serving as angular velocity detection axes, the first and second detection axes intersecting each other; a sensor output correction circuit for making at least one of an offset adjustment and a sensitivity adjustment to a detection output of an angular velocity around the first detection axis and a detection output of an angular velocity around the second detection axis; a sign determination circuit for obtaining a sign of a rotational direction of an angular velocity on any one of the first and second detection axes; and an amplitude calculation circuit for multiplying a square sum average of detection outputs of angular velocities around the first and second detection axes outputted by the sensor output correction circuit and a sign outputted by the sign determination circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for measuring the impedance of a skin/electrode interface and selectively modifying the system gain of the monitoring circuit to compensate for errors introduced by variations in the skin/electrode impedance. More particularly, a simplified, low-cost method for measuring and compensating for skin/electrode impedance variations is provided. The skin/electrode impedance measuring circuit and determines a system gain correction factor which may be applied to the measured signal using a software algorithm, thereby eliminating the need to change the circuit topology with a programmable gain amplifier or programmable resistor network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for three dimensional calibration of an on-board diagnostics system. In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for calibrating an on-board diagnostic system for an automobile including the steps of generating a three dimensional surface corresponding to an engine operating under a first condition, generating a three dimensional surface corresponding to the engine operating under a second condition, and generating a three dimensional threshold surface using the three dimensional surface corresponding to the engine operating under the first condition and the three dimensional surface corresponding to the engine operating under the second condition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a controller for a pumping installation using a combined pressure sensor and fluid level sensor arrangement. The controller includes a processor responsive to measurements from the sensor arrangement, as well as memory for storing a set of instructions for execution by the processor to correlate initial measurements taken by the sensors. The instructions allows the controller to monitor a fluid level in a well with the combined arrangement to compile a history of respective measurements for both sensors, and, in the event of an unexpected discrepancy between the measurements, to automatically calibrate the sensor arrangement according to the history of respective measurements to re-establish a correlation between the sensors.