Abstract: A variation testing system environment for performing variation testing of web pages and applications is disclosed. The variation testing system applies a weighted consistent hash function to user attributes of users to assign the users to a variant of a web page that is undergoing experimentation. The usage of the weighted consistent hash function allows for a stable experimental population.

Abstract: Systems and methods of providing pre-staged transactions via lockers are disclosed. In one embodiment, an exemplary computer-implemented method may comprise receiving a request from a user to perform a pre-staged transaction at a physical location; generating a first token based on the pre-staged transaction; transmitting first token to an app executing on a mobile device associated with the user; assigning a locker from a plurality of lockers positioned within the physical location; receiving the first token from the app executing on the mobile device of the user to initiate access to the locker when the user is within the physical location; authenticating the user based on the first token; transmitting, upon successful authentication of the user, a second token to the app executing on the mobile device; and causing, in response to receiving the second token at the locker, the locker to unlock.

Abstract: Edge service deployment with network slice invocation is provided, which includes obtaining one or more service-related parameters for network slice invocation to support an edge service instance, and requesting a network slice from a network based on the obtained one or more service-related parameters. The requesting from the network is via a collaboration platform. Further, the edge service deployment and network slice invocation includes receiving from the network, based on requesting of the network slice, network slice invocation codes, and initiating activating of the edge service instance over the network slice of the network using the network slice invocation codes.

Abstract: There are provided systems and methods for edge computing storage nodes based on location and activities for user data separate from cloud computing environments. A service provider, such as an online transaction processor, may provide additional services for to users via edge computing systems and edge computing storage nodes. The service may be for data that may be predictively loaded to the edge computing storage node for a particular location, where the edge computing storage node may reside more locally to the location on a network so that data may be served quicker and with less network resource consumption than providing data from a remote cloud computing storage. The data may be predicted to be needed or useful to the user at the location using a user profile for the user, monitored user activities, and/or one or more machine learning models that predict user behaviors at the location.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to computer-implemented systems and methods for providing a unique market offer code and validation. A method includes generating an offer customized for an intended recipient, and sending the offer electronically to the intended recipient. The method further includes receiving a user selection of the offer, and displaying a landing web page on a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device. A user selection of an action button on the landing web page is received, and a validation web page is displayed on the GUI, the validation web page including prompts for input of user information. The user information is evaluated to determine authenticity of the offer and to confirm identity of the user as the intended recipient. Upon determining that the user is not approved for the offer, access is provided to the user to an additional offer tailored to the user.

Abstract: A system and method for omnichannel text-based routing, transfer, and customer-to-enterprise communications. The system is a cloud-based network containing an interaction control server, a routing engine, an optimization engine, a media translation server, a mobile application, a business entity portal, mobile and compute devices for business enterprise and customer, and an enterprise database. Taken together or in part, said system optimizes customer interactions by delivering context aware text message, chat or email to customers; and when requested by customer, optimally routes with context, based upon a multitude of variables, to best available resource to handle the customer interaction. The system may be accessed through web browsers or purpose-built computer and mobile phone applications.

Abstract: Sponsored and organic pieces of content are displayed in accordance with a blending model that is used to first identify a pattern of slots to which to assign either sponsored or organic pieces of content. This blending model is applied to a combination of both sponsored and non-sponsored pieces of content being considered for display to a user. This pattern only determines the slot assignments. The actual ranking of the pieces of content, and more particularly the actual ranking of the organic pieces of content, is determined by an ordering other than the ranking determined by the blending model, such as by using the original ordering of the second list. The pieces of content are then displayed in the order of this actual ranking, but in the slots indicated as having been assigned to be either sponsored or organic in the pattern determined by the blending model.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed to generate, transmit, and update communications with end user systems. Embodiments comprise an automation platform comprising a processor and memory. Embodiments generate a communication based, at least in part, on input from a rules engine and one or more communication templates. Embodiments modify the content of the generated communication, and transmit, using one or more communication channels, the modified communication to one or more end user systems. Embodiments monitor the one or more end user systems for a response communication to the transmitted communication. In response to the one or more end user systems transmitting one or more response communications using at least one of the one or more communication channels, embodiments generate and transmit an updated communication to the one or more end user systems.

Abstract: A system receives a temporal graph comprising nodes having respective identifiers and edges. Each of the edges has a direction pointing from a first node to a second node and indicates an association of the first node with the second node. The system generates a sequence of nodes and a sequence of edges by traversing the temporal graph. The system determines, for each node of the sequence of nodes, a respective set of feature values including an indegree, an outdegree, and a total degree. The system determines, for each edge of the sequence of edges, an edge feature comprising a sum of the total degree of a first node preceding the edge and the total degree of a second node following the edge. The system forms an edge feature values sequence for the sequence of edges and determines an edge network embedding for each edge of the sequence of edges.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed to generate, transmit, and automate communications with end user systems. Embodiments comprise an automation platform comprising a processor and memory. Embodiments generate a communication based, at least in part, on input from a rules engine and one or more communication templates. Embodiments modify the content of the generated communication and revise the one or more communication templates to include the modifications made to the communication content. Embodiments transmit, using one or more communication channels, the modified communication to one or more end user systems, and automate the generation and transmission of one or more subsequent communications to the one or more end user systems based, at least in part, on the revised one or more communication templates.

Abstract: Techniques and solutions are described for improving user interfaces, such as by analyzing user interactions with a user interface with a machine learning component. The machine learning component can be trained with user interaction data that includes an interaction identifier and a timestamp. The identifiers and timestamps can be used to determine the duration of an interaction with a user interface element, as well as patterns of interactions. Training data can be used to establish baseline or threshold values or ranges for particular user interface elements or types of user interface elements. Test data can be obtained that includes identifiers and timestamps. The time taken to complete an interaction with a user interface element, and optionally an interaction pattern, can be analyzed. If the machine learning component determines that an interaction time or pattern is abnormal, various actions can be taken, such as providing a report or user interface guidance.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for serving advertisements based on partial queries. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a request for advertisements that specifies a set of query suggestions. The query suggestions are ranked based, at least in part on a probability of each query suggestion being selected by a user that input the partial query. A proper subset of the query suggestions is selected and includes a highest ranked query suggestion based on the ranking and one or more query suggestions of the set of query suggestions that is at least one of a revision of the highest ranked query suggestion or refers to a same topic as the highest ranked query suggestion. One or more advertisements are identified for each query suggestion of the proper subset. Data specifying the identified advertisements are provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer program products, for configuring online properties, such as content pages of a website, through an online user interface. A system generates the online user interface and receives, over a network and through the online user interface presented by a client device, a request to insert a restricted third party file into a user's online property. The online user interface is updated to inform the user that inclusion of the third party file in the user's online property is restricted and to provide the user with options for satisfying requirements for including the third party file in the user's online property. In response to detecting a user selection of at least one of the options, the restricted third party file is received from a content repository, and is inserted into the user's online property.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein leverage web cookies to carry messages across cloud application communications, wherein the messages are between entities that are not part of the cloud application itself. For example, in embodiments, a proxy server is interconnected between a client computer that is executing a front-end component of an application and an application server that is executing a back-end component of the application. The proxy server intercepts a request from the front-end component that is intended for the back-end component and generates a response thereto that includes a command to create a web cookie at the client computer, wherein the web cookie includes data to be utilized by a custom code component of the client computer. The proxy server may further cause the custom code component to be injected into the front-end component of the application for execution by the client computer.

Abstract: A controller includes at least one processor that implements the instructions to execute a plurality of tasks. The plurality of tasks includes a management table obtaining task that obtains, from the management table including first information indicating a region and second information indicating a country or a region, a destination information obtaining task that obtains third information indicating a region of a shipping destination to which the terminal device is to be shipped, a first specifying task that specifies a first function, a determining task that determines whether a second function, with reference to the second information, needs to be specified, an estimation information obtaining task that in a case where the second function is determined to be necessary, obtains estimation information corresponding to the second information from an external device, and a second specifying task that specifies the second function.

Abstract: Determining interest in promotional content to be displayed at a mobile communication device is described. The promotional content, including a first portion that is visible and a second portion that is hidden in a first state, may be received. The first and second portions are each selectable only when visible. A promotional display that includes the promotional content in the first state is generated. Upon receipt of a first input from the user in relation to the first portion, the promotional content may be transitioned from the first state to a second state such the first portion becomes hidden and the second portion becomes visible. Upon failing to receive a second input from the user in relation to the second portion, the promotional content may be transitioned from the second state to the first state. Upon receipt of the second input, an interest in the promotional content may be indicated.

Abstract: Contextual data may be generated from assets in asset portfolios using metadata enrichment services. A recommendation engine may generate a set of recommended assets for presentation in a content stream based on the contextual data. Brand safety may be implemented using a brand safety policy that uses the contextual data as indicators of potentially offensive content. Advertisements included in the content stream may also be targeted based on the contextual data.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing content streams with highly targeted, interactive content in a personalized manner. A content producer can generate a user-generic content stream associated with one or more user-specific content flags, which can describe how the user-specific content can be presented along with the content stream. A content-provider can purchase or otherwise acquire the rights to insert their user-specific content into another content provider's user-generic content. Both the user-specific and user-generic content can be provided to the user by means of a voice-controlled device associated with a cloud-based profile of the user. A user can interact with the personalized content to receive supplemental information.

Abstract: An engagement tracking system monitors user interactions with media items to calculate an engagement score of the media item. The engagement tracking system may be or include a group of one or more server machines configured to detect an exposure of a client device to a media item maintained by the engagement tracking system. In response to detecting the exposure of the client device to the media item, the engagement tracking system tracks a location of the client device based on access requests to location based media items. The engagement tracking system may thereby monitor client devices exposed to the media item in order to calculate an engagement score of the media item.

Abstract: A system and method for accurately matching corresponding DSP event data and Ad-Server event data with associated with a single real-world ad serve event by (a) pairing DSP event data and Ad-Server event data into data pairs, (b) comparing various field data in associated source fields from each of the DSP event data and Ad-Server event data to determine if the field data is a match or unmatch, and (c) based on the likelihood that a match of field data in a particular source field indicates an overall event match, which is determined using a Bayesian analysis, determining the probability that the DSP event data and Ad-Server event data in the data pair truly corresponding to the same single real-world ad serve event.

Abstract: Examples methods, apparatus/systems and articles of manufacture for auditing point-of-sale images are disclosed herein. Example methods disclosed herein include comparing a region of interest of an image displayed via a user interface with a plurality of reference product images stored in a database to identify a plurality of candidate product images from the plurality of reference product images as potential matches to a first product depicted in the image. For example, the candidate product images are associated with respective confidence levels indicating respective likelihoods of matching the first product. Disclosed example methods also include displaying, via the user interface, the candidate product images simultaneously with the image in a manner based on the respective confidence levels, and automatically selecting a first one of the candidate product images as matching the first product based on the respective confidence levels.

Abstract: A system and methods for advertisement campaign tracking and management using near-field communications. The system is a cloud-based network containing an advertisement campaign database, a redirection server, an short message service server, near-field communication devices, a mobile application, user mobile and compute devices. Taken together or in part, said system optimizes advertising campaigns across multiple platforms, provides strong analytics for all advertising types while allowing users to engage with advertising quickly and easily through various call to action types.

Abstract: A call handling function executed in response to activation of a link in encoded metadata of an incoming call adjusts presentation of visual content of the incoming call on a lockscreen of a smart phone based on information in the metadata that is descriptive of the incoming call. The incoming call metadata is decoded prior to connecting the incoming call to a dialer function of the smart phone.

Abstract: Databases storing digital fingerprints of physical objects enable enhanced security and collaborative authentication. Digital fingerprints enable reliable identification of an object without the need for attaching or associating physical tags, labels or other identifying materials with the object; and serialization for identification also is obviated. By combining digital fingerprinting and data collaboration in one process, parties to the data collaboration can gain a level of certainty that data attributed to an object by different parties or at different times is attributed to only that object and not erroneously attributed to an incorrect or counterfeit object. Collaborative authentication platforms and processes, combining digital fingerprint databases with associated incentive databases, contribute enhanced information to the authentication databases, and provide unparalleled reliability and enriched metadata to supply chain tracking, detecting counterfeit objects, and other applications.

Abstract: Methods and systems described in this disclosure can identify, from a social media listening device, content items posted by a plurality of users, where each of the content items is associated with a social handle. Each of the content items can be mapped to a user identifier associated with a user or a potential user of a service using the social handle. A subset of the mapped content items can be created by selecting the mapped content items that correspond to an event based on content. The mapped content items are then categorized based on the corresponding events in the content items. Service or product opportunity leads can be determined from the mapped and categorized content items.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for organizing and distributing artifacts generated by processing pipelines for the training or application of machine learning models. An application may subscribe to a playlist of a stream of events and locally store a copy of the playlist. The subscriber may merge locally stored and/or selected events to generate a merged stream of events. The subscriber may then execute the merged event stream including the newly added instance of the event.

Abstract: In some examples, special-purpose machines are provided that facilitate smart copy optimization in a network service or publication system, including software-configured computerized variants of such special-purpose machines and improvements to such variants, and to the technologies by which such special-purpose machines become improved compared to other special-purpose machines that facilitate adding the new features. Such technologies can include special artificial-intelligence (AI), machine-learning (ML), and natural-language-processing (NLP) techniques.

Abstract: A method for providing anonymized contact information to a workforce management system includes receiving contact information from a plurality of customer business units; assigning each of the plurality of customer business units one or more industry classification codes or product classification codes; anonymizing, by a processor, the contact information to the one or more industry classification codes or product classification codes; receiving, by a processor, a query from a workforce management system for anonymized contact information in one or more industry classification codes or product classification codes; and providing the anonymized contact information to the workforce management system for use in a workforce management predictive model.

Abstract: A communications system supports transactions through seat video display units (SVDUs) and/or passenger electronic devices (PEDs) onboard aircraft. A ground-based server uploads to an aircraft server a set of promotions and associated criteria, where each criteria defines a condition that must be satisfied before transactions can be completed to obtain an associated one of the promotions. The ground-based server receives reports containing promotion usage metrics from the aircraft server, determines whether any of the criteria conditions are satisfied based on the promotion usage metrics, and when one of the criteria conditions associated with a satisfied one of the promotions is determined to be satisfied, sends a notification to the aircraft server that authorizes completion of the transactions for the satisfied one of the promotion. The vehicle server promotes the set of promotions and sends reports containing promotion usage metrics to the ground-based server.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward systems, methods, and computer-readable media for determining an impact of digital content by administering a digital survey. In particular, the systems described herein generate a survey administration packet for distribution together with digital content. The survey administration packet causes a respondent client device to perform various functions, including detecting a trigger event and replacing a presentation of digital content with a presentation of a digital survey question. The systems and methods also generate survey results indicating an impact of the digital content based on received digital survey responses.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining cumulative reach information. Duplicated watching habits of viewers in a designated market can be analyzed using campaign spot plans. The campaign spot plans can be applied to single viewer data to calculate campaign spot plan Television Average Ratings Points (TARP) pattern information. The TARP pattern information can be translated into reach information. Cumulative reach information can be determined using the reach information.

Abstract: An approach for creating dynamic content. The approach receives advertiser data associated with activities of one or more advertisers and receives publisher data associated with activities of one or more publishers. The approach manages the one or more DSPs activities associated with the received advertiser data and publisher data. Furthermore, the approach manages the one or more SSPs activities associated with the received advertiser data, publisher data and the one or more DSPs activities and selects one or more advertisement for one or more website. Finally, the approach manages the one or more consumer behaviors associated with the selected one or more advertisement.

Abstract: Techniques for a messaging agent platform are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus may comprise a intermediary server operative to send a page-scoped identifier to a front-end application, the front-end application associated with an entity, the page-scoped identifier identifying a user account with a messaging system in relation to a representation for the entity within the messaging system; receive a user information request from a contact application at the intermediary server, the contact application associated with the representation for the entity within the messaging system, the user information request for the page-scoped identifier; determine a user access consent setting for the page-scoped identifier for the user account; and send a user information data package to the contact application in response to the user information request when the user access consent setting for the page-scoped identifier indicates user consent. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provides a method for pushing video information, an apparatus, a device and a storage medium. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the user behavior information in the user page at the current moment is acquired, and the related information of the target video that is pushed to the user terminal at the next moment is determined according to the user behavior information, so that the user terminal refreshes the user page according to the related information of the target video, thus the target video that is pushed by the server to the user terminal is more in line with the user's preference, therefore the user quickly finds the video that he/she likes in the user interface, thereby improving the user experience.

Abstract: A method for identifying a dynamic checkout button with a contextual offer includes: storing, a plurality of offer data entries, each including display data, a wallet identifier, and a merchant identifier; receiving a page request from an external server, the page request including a specific merchant identifier and a device identifier; receiving a data file from a computing device corresponding to the device identifier, the data file including a specific wallet identifier; identifying a specific offer data entry where the included wallet identifier corresponds to the specific wallet identifier and where the included merchant identifier corresponds to the specific merchant identifier; identifying an image file associated with the specific wallet identifier, wherein the image file includes at least the display data included in the specific offer data entry; and transmitting the identified image file to the external server in response to the page request.

Abstract: A distributed computing system is configured to compute operational data for a video advertisement delivery system. Cloud-based resource are used to calculate operational parameters such as geographical data, unique advertisement delivery instances and segments of consumers that received the video advertisements.

Abstract: Techniques for optimizing content item delivery for installations or activations of a mobile application are provided. In one technique, a machine-learned model is trained based on multiple training instances that individually indicate whether an entity performed a particular action relative to a mobile application. In response to receiving a content item request from a third-party content delivery exchange, it is determined whether a client device that initiated the content item request has activated a particular application. In response to determining that the client device has not activated the particular application, multiple feature values of the content item request are identified. Based on inputting the feature values into the model, a score is generated that indicates a likelihood that an entity of the client device will perform the particular action relative to the particular application. Based on the score, a content item is transmitted over a network to the client device.

Abstract: A visualization is presented while tuning a machine learning model. A model tuning process writes tuning data to a history table. The model tuning process is repeatedly training and scoring a model type with different sets of values of hyperparameters defined based on the model type. An objective function value is computed for each set of values of the hyperparameters. Data stored in the history table is accessed and used to identify the hyperparameters. (A) A page template is selected from page templates that describe graphical objects presented in the display. (B) The page template is updated with the accessed data. (C) The display is updated using the updated page template. (D) At the end of a refresh time period, new data stored in the history table by the model tuning process is accessed. (E) (B) through (D) are repeated with the accessed data replaced with the accessed new data.

Abstract: An affair processing request is received from a first network node. First affair information determined by the first network node is received. A type of to-be-acquired second affair information excluded from the received first affair information is determined. First information comprising the type of the to-be-acquired second affair information is transmitted to a second network node. Second information is received, the second information including content of the second affair information fed back from the second network node. An affair of the affair processing request is processed on the basis of the received first affair information and the received content of the second affair information.

Abstract: A payment system for parking locations communicates with a plurality of parking meters, each of which is associated with a predetermined geographic location corresponding to a parking location. The system receives user identifying information via a communication related to payment for a parking session at a parking location identified by the communication, and determines a user credit/debit card data for payment of the parking session based on the user identifying information. Data related to the parking session at the geographic location of the parking meter is stored in a database associated with a parking history of the user, and determines one or more advertisements to communicate to the user based on the geographic location of the parking meter and previously stored data related to the parking history of the user.

Abstract: A method and system adaptively improves potential customer conversion rates, revenue metrics, and/or other target metrics by providing effective user experience options to some users while concurrently testing user responses to other user experience options, according to one embodiment. The method and system selects the user experience options by applying user characteristics data to an analytics model, according to one embodiment. The method and system analyzes user responses to the user experience options to update the analytics model, and to dynamically adapt the personalization of the user experience options, according to one embodiment. The method and system filters out user experience options from delivery to users, if the user experience options are non-compliant with one or more business rules, to maintain business relations for the service provider and to maintain user confidence in the services provided by the service provider (e.g., a tax return preparation system), according to one embodiment.

Abstract: A deal program life cycle system and method is disclosed. The deal program life cycle may oversee the issuance of deals from a deal program to consumers over the life cycle of the deal program. One or more aspects of the deal program may change during different periods of the life cycle of the deal program. For example, the deal program may include deal features, a number of units for deals, and relevance features for the deal program. The deal features, number of units of deals, and/or relevance features for the deal program may change during the different periods of the life cycle.

Abstract: Systems, methods, computer systems, and computer-readable code for implementing methods for client relation management in which fewer call-in numbers need to be maintained. A method for client relation management preserves a more-complete record of online and offline interactions of a customer with systems provided by a plurality of service providers. A session identifier (SID) is associated with a customer upon interaction of the customer with a website provided by a first service provider. Website interaction information is received from the first service provider and is associated with the SID. Information associated with an incoming call from the customer at a call-in number at a call center maintained by a second service provider is used to associate the incoming call with the SID, creating a record of an offline interaction between the customer and an agent of the call center. The record of the offline interaction is associated with the SID.

Abstract: Methods, systems and articles having machine-readable instructions can be implemented to manage advertising content using a computing device, for example, by retrieving a page of content from a network, the retrieved page including at least some advertising content, presenting the retrieved page of content to the user of the computing device, receiving user input via a user interface identifying at least a portion of the presented advertising content to be saved, saving the identified portion of advertising content, receiving user input via the user interface identifying some or all of the saved advertising content to share with another user, and causing the identified saved advertising content to be shared with the other user.

Abstract: A mobile computer device for browsing one or more internet content by an user comprising an application embedded within said mobile device, said application comprising: a viewing module for said user to view said internet content; an automatic scrolling module wherein said scrolling module moves said internet content up in desired interval; a data gathering module that gathers data of the interaction between said user and said automatic scrolling module and said internet content.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer program products, for configuring online properties, such as content pages of a website, through an online user interface. A system generates the online user interface and receives, over a network and through the online user interface presented by a client device, a request to insert a restricted third party file into a user's online property. The online user interface is updated to inform the user that inclusion of the third party file in the user's online property is restricted and to provide the user with options for satisfying requirements for including the third party file in the user's online property. In response to detecting a user selection of at least one of the options, the restricted third party file is received from a content repository, and is inserted into the user's online property.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for supplying a video advertisement to a web page or application. A main ad server provides an ecosystem to network ad servers from different ad networks. The main ad server can collect and store information about each of the campaigns or demand tags associated with each of the network ad servers in a database. The main ad server can then review the database in response to an ad call from a publisher to determine the campaigns or demand tags that correspond to the ad call. Once the campaigns or demand tags that satisfy the ad call have been determined, the main ad server can generate a prioritized list of campaigns or demand tags based on priorities established by the publisher who submitted the ad call. The prioritized list of campaigns can be sequentially processed until a video advertisement is provided to the publisher.

Abstract: Herein are techniques to use an artificial neural network to score the relevance of content items for a target and techniques to rank the content items based on their scores. In embodiments, a computer uses a plurality of expansion techniques to identify expanded targets for a content item. For each of the expanded targets, the computer provides inputs to an artificial neural network to generate a relevance score that indicates a relative suitability of the content item for that target. The computer ranks the expanded targets based on the relevance score generated for each of the expanded targets. Based on the ranking, the computer selects a subset of targets from the available expanded targets as the expanded targets for whom the content item is potentially most relevant. The computer stores an association between the content item and each target in the subset of expanded targets.

Abstract: A system includes a subscriber information service (SIS), logic defining a digital advertising campaign, and logic to operate the SIS to maintain an impression-to-decision ratio for one or more aspects of the advertising campaign and to apply the ratio to frequency capping the one or more aspects of the advertising campaign.

Abstract: An online system identifies articles containing factual reporting and information associated with the articles (e.g., authors, publishers, distributors, content, etc.). The online system extracts embeddings for the articles based on the information associated with the articles and generates nodes of a graph, in which each node corresponds to an article or information associated with an article. The online system then identifies relationships among the nodes using the embeddings and generates additional nodes of the graph indicating these relationships. Each of the additional nodes may correspond to any type of information that may be associated with an article. The online system may query the graph for information identifying publishers that published articles alleging a fact, information identifying articles containing editorialized content or clickbait, etc. or to identify and remove similar articles from a feed to be presented to an online system user, to highlight contradicting articles in the feed, etc.