Abstract: A home cost analysis server for identifying one or more hidden home costs may include a processor programmed to receive user input including at least one prospective home. The processor may access a first external database storing metadata associated with a plurality of homes available for purchase, the plurality of homes including the prospective home, and access a second external database storing historical ancillary costs associated with a plurality of homes in a geographic area surrounding the prospective home. The processor may analyze metadata associated with the prospective home and the historical ancillary costs to determine ancillary home costs associated with the prospective home, and cause to be displayed the ancillary home costs at the user computing device using at least one graphical indicator. As a result, the prospective homebuyer may have additional education and insight into the potential costs of owning a home.

Abstract: An estimated distance calculator 10 generates, on the basis of a first state element model comprising multiple state elements, a second state element model which is another state element model, wherein the state elements include multiple states and state transitions assigned with transition conditions between the multiple states. The calculator includes a generation unit 11 which generates the second state element model in such a manner as to comprise any one state element among the multiple state elements and state elements other than the one state element which are selected from among the multiple state elements after transition conditions satisfying predetermined condition are removed.

Abstract: A machine has a network interface circuit for communication with a network. A processor is connected to the network interface circuit. A memory is connected to the processor and the network interface circuit. The memory stores data and instructions executed by the processor to receive a specification book detailing a construction project. Extracted text from the specification book is associated with specification book hyperlinks. Submittal log packages comprising subsets of the specification book hyperlinks are defined. Each submittal log package is associated with a subset of the construction project. The submittal requests are distributed based upon the submittal log packages. Approvals for acts performed corresponding to the submittal requests are collected. The specification book is augmented with the approvals and iterative feedback to characterize evolution of the construction project and construction project documentation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for monitoring and visualizing a plurality of performance metrics via a single graphical user interface. A processor identifies the plurality of performance metrics, identifies predicted and real time values for the plurality of performance metrics and visually displays for a user the plurality of performance metrics in readable format. In some embodiments, the plurality of performance metrics are displayed in a graphical format. In other embodiments, the plurality of performance metrics are displayed in a spreadsheet format such that the different values and metrics may be arranged into a plurality of different combinations. Further, the processor determines the actual values for the plurality of performance metrics and may organize the visual display based on the current data, a change in data, and/or any other of a plurality of combinations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improvements in systems and methods in acquiring images via a imaging devices, where such imaging devices can be configured, in some implementations, with an unmanned aerial vehicle or other vehicle types, as well as being hand-held. Images are acquired from the imaging devices according to capture plans where useful information types about a structure of interest (or objects, items, etc.) can be derived from a structure image acquisition event. Images acquired from capture plans can be evaluated to generate improvements in capture plans for use in subsequent structure image acquisition events. Capture plans provided herein generate accurate information as to all or part of the structure of interest, where accuracy is in relation to the real-life structure incorporated in the acquired images.

Abstract: A computer-implemented technique is described herein for receiving activity signals from plural logic components running on one or more computing devices. Each activity signal includes an activity information item (AII) that describes an activity performed by a subject (e.g., a user), or to be performed by the subject, as recorded by a logic component. The technique stores AIIs extracted from the activity signals in a graph data structure. The technique then: determines, by interrogating the graph data structure, one or more activity clusters within a span of time, each activity cluster pertaining to a group of AIIs associated with a same encompassing project; generates one or more summary documents based on the identified activity cluster(s); and sends the summary documents to an output device.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to an improved group-based communication apparatus that is configured to render one or more workflow interface objects to a group-based communication apparatus in association with an operational sequence set returned by a query. The group-based communication apparatus is configured to detect a workflow trigger event associated with a workflow identifier, retrieve an operational sequence set based upon at least the workflow identifier from a group-based communication workflow repository, initiate the operational sequence set, and cause rendering of one or more workflow interface objects to the group-based communication interface. In some embodiments, the operational sequence sets are associated with a group-defined template.

Abstract: A computer system holds model management information for managing a model for calculating, based on a feature amount of a process pair generated based on a plan history and formed of two processes, a transition probability of the two processes forming the process pair. The computer system comprises: a transition probability calculating unit uses, in a case of receiving input data including a plurality of target processes, the model management information and a feature amount of a process pair formed of a reference target process and a transition destination target process, to thereby calculate a transition probability of the process pair; and a transition probability modifying unit modifies the transition probability of the process pair determined to be unreliable. The transition probability calculating unit generates a new plan by determining the order of execution of the plurality of target processes based on the transition probability of the process pair.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a facilities report are described herein. A user- chosen series of questions can be automatically generated by accessing the storage after a user has chosen a facility system category. Survey data can be received based on received responses to the user-chosen series of questions. Picture and/or video data of model information can be received for a building element at the existing property. The picture and/or video data can be automatically associated with the existing property based on GPS identification for the existing property. A facilities report can be automatically generated for the existing property. A GUI can be presented allowing a user to associate picture and/or video data with various facilities by confirming that a file for a particular facility should be accessed and/or opened.

Abstract: System and methods for summarizing collaboration activity events into a plurality of pages that are then scored with respect to user-specific relevance that is based on a set of comprehensibility characteristic parameters. The collaboration activity events are summarized into groups of activities based on certain common attributes that are deemed to have quantitatively measurable relevance to the user. The groups of activities are assembled into a plurality of personalized candidate pages. The candidate summary pages are then scored using a function that includes parameters that serve to quantify how interesting or readable the particular user would find the particular candidate summary page. One or more of the higher scoring candidate summary pages are selected for presentation to the user.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method to direct processing of orders to improve processing resource usage. QOS statistics relative to wait times and/or processing times or other measures of busyness may be maintained relative to physical office or branch locations where customers attend to have orders processed. QOS measures may be defined relative to these statistical measures of busyness that predict future busyness at respective locations. The QOS measures may be provided to a customer, such as in association with an order ahead application, to recommend to the customer to attend at a location that is less busy thereby distributing processing requests (orders) to less busy locations and better utilize resources.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprises, obtaining a digital calendar item for an event, determining, that the event has begun, and in response to determining that the event has begun, accessing a location and determining which of the participants are present for the event, determining, during the event, that one participant shared a digital data item with the other participants or as part of the event, and in response to determining that the participant shared the digital data item, at least transiently storing a reference or link to the digital data item, determining that the event has ended, and in response to determining that the event has ended, updating the digital calendar item by adding the reference or link.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for determining an assessment value of a document related to a current research work of researcher(s) in drug discovery. Information pertaining to the document is processed to identify entities and semantic inter-relationships specific to the current research work. Information indicative of entities and semantic inter-relationships specific to a previous research work of the researcher(s) is accessed, and is compared with the entities and the semantic inter-relationships specific to the current research work to determine an association factor indicative of an extent of an association between the current research work and the previous research work of the researcher(s).

Abstract: Using remote image acquisition, image processing, and computational systems and methods, it has become possible to obtain actual building dimensions that can be used to generate construction estimates for repairing or maintaining buildings. For example, actual roof dimensions can be used to provide a computer-based estimate of materials and/or materials overage needed. Instead of simply applying a generic overage percentage based on roof shape, a computer-based approach can take into account cut lines as a percentage of total roof area. The resulting computer-generated estimate is shown to be more accurate, less expensive, and faster than using a human on-site estimator.

Abstract: A framework for improving data set in an enterprise system for machine learning is provided. In accordance with one aspect, user input of a project update is provided by a user to an enterprise system. A record of the project update is created in the enterprise system based on the user input. The project update provided by the user into the enterprise system is analyzed using a gamification technique. The analysis includes quantifying the user's input of the project update to the enterprise system by assigning points to the user based on the project update provided to the enterprise system. The assigned points are displayed to the user on a user interface of a user device to enable friendly competition with other users which encourages more detailed and frequent project updates to the enterprise system by the user.

Abstract: A method for replicating a first virtual storage system of a customer includes receiving periodically collected configuration data, workload data, service failure data, and management workflow data on the first virtual storage system, creating a first multi-dimensional array of observed variables based on periodically collected data, applying dimensionality reduction to the first multi-dimensional array to determine an artificial variable having a largest variance, determining a smaller, second multi-dimensional array that represents the first multi-dimensional array based on the artificial variable, and building a second virtual storage system to replicate the first virtual storage system based on the second multi-dimensional array.

Abstract: In various embodiments, fulfilling a data subject access request may be particularly costly. In some embodiments, a company may store data regarding a particular data subject in multiple different locations for a plurality of different reasons as part of a plurality of different processing and other business activities. For example, a particular data subject may be both a customer and an employee of a particular company or organization. Accordingly, in some embodiments, fulfilling a data subject access request for a particular data subject may involve a plurality of different information technology (IT) professionals in a plurality of different departments of a particular company or organization. As such, it may be useful to determine a cost of a particular data subject access request (e.g., particularly because, in some cases, a data subject is entitled to a response to their data subject access request as a matter of right at no charge).

Abstract: Provided herein is an electronic message management platform that enables management and execution of electronic message campaigns while appropriately managing challenges presented by spam filters, black lists, and domain blocking technologies, and that includes elements for managing an electronic message campaign based on dynamic conditions, quality measures, engagement factors, and other measures, factors and conditions.

Abstract: A method for predicting an impact of a service level agreement including collecting workload data and effort data and constructing a cost model for the service level agreement, defining a baseline service parameter corresponding to the code model of the service level agreement, and calibrating the cost model of the service level agreement, by calibrating a workload volume from the workload data and an effort time from the effort data to match the baseline service parameter, to output a service level agreement impact model.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, described herein is a system and method for extracting a star schema from tabular data for use in a multidimensional database. The system can receive a tabular data including a plurality of columns, and determine a relationship between each pair of the plurality of columns by analyzing actual values in a plurality of rows for each pair of columns. Based on the determined relationships among the plurality of columns and a type of each column, the system can use a heuristic process to identify a plurality of cube elements from the plurality of columns to construct a star schema. A user interface can be provided to display potential problems of the star schema, and one or more alternative approaches for a user to select to extract a star schema from the tabular data.

Abstract: A historical scenario and historical decisions made in the historical scenario are received. The historical decisions represent a set of decision variables of an objective function. A random set of decision variables having different values than the set of decision variables are generated. To determine a weight setting associated with multiple objectives of the objective function, a number of inequalities are built and solved with an assumption that, for an optimization that minimizes the objective function, the objective function having the set of random decision variables has a larger value than the objective function having the set of decision variables. The receiving, the generating and the building steps may be repeated to determine multiple sets of weight settings. The multiple sets of weight settings are searched to select a target weight setting for each of the multiple objectives. The target weight setting may be automatically and continuously learned.

Abstract: An agricultural data collection framework is provided in a system and method for tracking and managing livestock, and for analyzing animal conditions such as health, growth, nutrition, and behavior. The framework uses ultra-high frequency interrogation of RFID tags to collect individual animal data across multiple geographical locations, and incorporates artificial intelligence techniques to develop machine learning base models for statistical process controls around each animal for evaluating the animal condition. The framework provides a determination of normality at an individual animal basis or for a specific location, and generates alerts, predictions, and a targeted processing or application schedule for prioritizing and delivering resources when intervention is needed.

Abstract: Systems and method for managing a construction payment process. An input is received from a first participant and one of a plurality of stored notification workflows is accessed from a memory based on the information received from the first participant. Each stored notification workflow defines a sequence of automatic electronic notifications that are transmitted from the application server to one or more participants in the construction project in response to one or more predetermined events. Based on the accessed notification workflow, a second participant is identified and a first notification is automatically transmitted to the second participant. A response to the first notification is received from the second participant through an electronic form. The content of the response is automatically processed and a second notification is transmitted to a third participant based on the accessed notification workflow.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying tasks. The method can include receiving a plurality of tasks for a plurality of applications, an application of the plurality of applications is hosted by a computing environment utilizing a monitoring agent, and a task is performed for an operation of the application during a first period of time. The method can also include determining a first resource type and a first resource amount from the computing environment for performing the task. The method can also include grouping the plurality of tasks into a set of tasks based on the first resource type, at least two tasks from the set of tasks being performable in parallel during the first period of time. The method can also include determining whether the first resource amount of the first resource type is present in the computing environment during the first period of time.

Abstract: The cost of data-mining is estimated where data-mining services are delivered via a distributed computing system environment. System requirements are estimated for a particular data-mining task for an input data set having specified properties. Estimating system requirements includes applying a partial learning tool to operate on sample data from the input data set.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is provided. A digital calendar item is obtained for an event. It is determined that the event has begun, and in response to determining that the event has begun, a location is accessed and it is determined which of the participants are present for the event. It is determined, during the event, that one participant shared a digital data item with the other participants or as part of the event. In response to determining that the participant shared the digital data item, a reference or link to the digital data item is stored. It is determined that the event has ended, and in response to determining that the event has ended, the digital calendar item is updated by adding the reference or link.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to allow real-time processes to overrun on a single processor or on a multiprocessor until either the latest start time of another real-time process has been reached or their own deadlines have been reached, and effectively utilize multiple processor resources by allowing process executions to be selectively preempted by other process executions and migrate from one processor to another processor at any time at run time to provide greater flexibility in utilizing any unused processor capacity and meeting deadlines, thus increase the chances that real-time processes will still be able to complete their computations despite overrunning, while guaranteeing satisfaction of important predetermined timing constraints, and increase both processor utilization and system robustness in the presence of inaccurate estimates of the worst-case computation times of real-time processes on a single processor or multiprocessor in a real-time system.

Abstract: A method includes configuring, by a cloud provisioning server, a first user identity to execute a provisioning to provision an instance. The instance to be provisioned includes one of an instantiated software resource and a computing service. The method also includes configuring a second user identity to be an approver of the provisioning. The method also includes performing provisioning of the instance. The provisioning is executed under the first user identity, and the second user identity has provided approval of the provisioning.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing AI-based cost estimates for services are disclosed. The method may comprise receiving, at one or more processors, data from a scanning of a location, the scanning performed by one or more of a camera, a computer vision device, an inertial measurement unit, or a depth sensor. Data may be received, at one or more processors, related to the identification of one or more key elements at the location. An itemized statement and quote of work to be performed may be generated at one or more processors.

Abstract: A policy violation detection computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product, includes extracting a policy activity from a policy, the policy activity including an actor in the policy, an object of the policy, an action of the policy, and policy scope metadata, capturing a transaction by a user including metadata of the transaction, translating the transaction by the user into an actor in the transaction, an action of the transaction, and an object of the transaction, and alerting the user of a policy violation by navigating a knowledge graph is-a hierarchy to relate the actor in the transaction to the actor in the policy, the object of the transaction to an object of the policy, and the action of the transaction to an action of the policy activity.

Abstract: A method and system for method for automated work project management. The methods and systems described herein provide automated excavation mark-out verification of a user request to excavate at a desired location. User-defined excavation information is automatically verified and corrected if necessary. One or more municipalities and one or more owners of the existing underground utility infrastructure components are automatically notified of the request to excavate at the user-defined location. The method and system eliminate a need for a user to correctly determine all required information for user requested excavation, and reduces a possibility of the user requesting markings or excavating at a wrong location.

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein provide techniques for generating and optimizing a plan in a manufacturing environment. The techniques begins by receiving a plurality of demands for a plan, wherein each demand of the plurality of demands has parameters specifying a set of operations, a due date, user specified business logic and priority. The demands are ranked based on the parameters and the user specified business logic. The plurality of demands is broken into sets of demands based on the a predefined number and the demand rank. The demands in a first set of demands are optimized to generate a strategy for fulfilling the demands in the first set of demands. One or more constraints are applied to the first set of demands to ensure the first set of demands is fulfilled in preference to the remaining sets of demands.

Abstract: A data discovery service provides an automated method of identifying and indexing data sources associated with a user's account without requiring additional configuration by the user. This enables search services to be provided across various different types of data sources a user may utilize. The data discovery service can generate a list of data sources associated with the user's account, the list may include access information for each data source. Each data source or type of data source may be associated with an index policy that identifies the types of data from a corresponding data source are to be indexed. An index may then be generated based on those policies for each data source associated with the account.

Abstract: In various embodiments, fulfilling a data subject access request may be particularly costly. In some embodiments, a company may store data regarding a particular data subject in multiple different locations for a plurality of different reasons as part of a plurality of different processing and other business activities. For example, a particular data subject may be both a customer and an employee of a particular company or organization. Accordingly, in some embodiments, fulfilling a data subject access request for a particular data subject may involve a plurality of different information technology (IT) professionals in a plurality of different departments of a particular company or organization. As such, it may be useful to determine a cost of a particular data subject access request (e.g., particularly because, in some cases, a data subject is entitled to a response to their data subject access request as a matter of right at no charge).

Abstract: A method includes presenting a list of current projects in a dashboard interface, upon a successful login from a first user; allowing the first user to create or upload an asset once the user selects a project from the list of current projects and is presented with the list of all assets in the project; notifying all users associated with the project with a first notification that the first user uploaded an asset; receiving comments to the asset from a second user via an asset viewer and then sending out a second notification to all users associated with the project; processing changes made by the first user to the asset via the asset viewer based on the comments from the second user on the asset and then sending out a third notification to all users associated with the project; and sharing the asset with clients once the second user sends approval.

Abstract: A system and a method related to software project estimation. The method receives a value corresponding to at least one decision parameter including a project type, a technology, a software development life cycle (SDLC) type and a stage of the software project from user. The received value is mapped with techniques associated with each of estimation parameters including a size parameter, an effort parameter, a cost parameter, and a schedule parameter in a decision matrix. Based on the mapping, one or more techniques for each estimation parameter are shortlisted, and a success rating factor for each shortlisted technique is evaluated based on historical data to identify a primary set of techniques. Compatibility of the primary set of techniques is then determined based on an interoperability factor to identify at least one secondary set of techniques providing optimum estimate of the software project.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for generating probabilistic annotations for entities and relations using reasoning and corpus-level evidence are provided herein. A method includes determining candidate entities and candidate relationships between entities from text contained within textual documents associated with a given domain; generating questions to support or refute legitimacy of a given one of the candidate entities and/or a given one of the candidate relationships; automatically determining an answer to each of the questions based on analysis of one or more additional items of knowledge pertaining to the given domain; computing a confidence score for each answer; and assigning a confidence value in support of the legitimacy of the given one of the candidate entities and/or the given one of the candidate relationships, wherein said confidence value is based on an aggregation of the confidence scores for the answers to the one or more questions.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products to perform an operation comprising identifying a plurality of data sources, receiving input specifying one or more of the plurality of data sources and a set of parameters, wherein the set of parameters comprise at least a product and a due date for the product, generating, based on a machine learning (ML) model and data received from each of the specified one or more data sources, a resource allocation plan for a product specified in the input, wherein the resource allocation plan specifies at to allocate at least one resource to the product, wherein the at least one resource comprises one or more of hardware resources and software resources, and responsive to receiving input accepting the generated resource allocation plan, allocating the at least one resource in the resource allocation plan to develop the product.

Abstract: A computer-implemented automated review method for spring wiring configuration source code files seeking to access a data store comprises the steps of receiving a request to review configuration source code files seeking to access the data store; checking the configuration source code files for definitions of a namespace; setting an issue flag if the configuration source code files do not include definitions of the namespace; checking the configuration source code files for a definition of a data store access driver; setting the issue flag if the configuration source code files do not include the definition of the data store access driver; checking the configuration source code files for a definition of a “database”; setting the issue flag if the configuration source code files do not include the definition of the “database”; reviewing the status of the issue flag; and issuing a halt signal or a proceed signal.

Abstract: A method for brokering a cloud service comprises receiving a request for a service and identifying parameters from the request. Further, a set of vendors who may satisfy the parameters of the requested service is identified. An invitation to respond based on the parameters is transmitted to the set of vendors. Responses including an estimation regarding the parameters are received from the vendors, and confidence levels that the vendors will meet the estimations are calculated based on an objective service history of the specific services. The responses and confidence levels are presented to the requester, and the service history is updated based on parameter results once the service has completed.

Abstract: Managing information for a project includes identifying content items corresponding to the project, identifying project participants that access the content items, sharing at least some of the content items with at least some of the project participants, prioritizing the project participants based, at least in part, on contribution by the project participants to the content items, and displaying, on a wearable device of a master user, the project participants according to priority levels thereof. The wearable device may be a smart watch. The project participants may be displayed in a plurality of groups of the project participants according to prioritizing levels. The prioritizing levels may take into account development milestones, production milestones, contract closures, external demos, customer meetings, and/or project phase completion schedules. The master user may use a gesture to remove at least one of the groups and to expand remaining groups displayed on the wearable device.

Abstract: Provided are examples of apparatus and methods which relate to enforcing compliance with one or more administrative requirements relating to using computing resources. In an example, one or more objects being used on one or more cloud computing platforms are identified with a computing device. Data describing the one or more objects is received. One or more rules restricting the use of the one or more objects is received. One or more violations of the one or more rules are searched for by comparing the received data to the rules. In response to identifying one or more violations, a response to the one or more violations is executed.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for performing automated operations to determine maturity of a specified project. Information is received regarding each of a plurality of artifacts associated with the project, such as project documentation, source code repositories, and a tracked issue database for the project. A data sufficiency level associated with each provided artifact is determined, and each artifact is provided to one or more of multiple analysis engines. The analysis engines are executed to produce one or more weighted feature vectors for each of the artifacts associated with the specified project, and input to a prediction engine in order to provide a maturity rating for the project based on the weighted feature vectors.

Abstract: A boiler control system executing on a cloud platform facilitates remote control system analysis and generation of suitable set point parameters for a given boiler application. The system includes a system interface component, a modeling component and a correlation analytics component. The system interface component collects industrial data associated with a set of boilers and demand data associated with a set of loads. The system interface component also stores the industrial data and the demand data on a cloud platform. The modeling component generates a boiler behavioral model for storage on the cloud platform based on analysis of the industrial data and the demand data. The boiler behavioral model defines at least one correlation between efficiency and capacity associated with the set of boilers. The correlation analytics component determines at least one set point parameter for the set of boilers based on analysis of the boiler behavioral model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating hardware based on a cloud server, the method comprising: detecting information on hardware components of a computer terminal; determining the type of the computer terminal based on information on the hardware components of the computer terminal; and scoring the hardware components of the computer terminal based on information on the hardware components and the type of the computer terminal. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the hardware components are scored based on the type of the computer terminal, and the relevant database are timely updated to ensure the accuracy of the hardware scoring.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a time determination processor which determines a time for acquiring state information on an operation system, from the operation system, on the basis of a processing status of tasks executed by the operation system, the processing status being acquired from the operation system, an information acquisition processor which acquires the state information and stores the state information in a storage, at the determined time for acquiring state information, and an information reply processor which sends back the state information stored in the storage, when an acquisition request for the state information is received from any of one or a plurality of monitoring apparatuses which monitor the operation system.

Abstract: There are provided a system, a method and a computer program product for sharing messages between an email client and a social network. The system prepares, based on an input from a sender, an email message by using the email client. The system identifies a portion of the email message to be shared with one or more users in the social network. The system tags the portion of the email message with identities of the one or more users in the social network. The system accesses the social network with credential of the sender. The system posts the portion of the email message on social network pages of the one or more users under a name of the sender.

Abstract: An apparatus for tracking a plurality of built components is provided. The apparatus comprises a reading gate configured to identify at least one fabricated building component arrived at the point of entry of the building site by reading an ID tag of each fabricated building component arrived at the point of entry of the building site and by associating the ID tag with a number imprinted on each fabricated building component. The reading gate is configured to record the timing of arrival of the identified fabricated building component at the point of entry of the building site.

Abstract: A method and system for simultaneously performing takeoff of multiple building conditions in a construction project software program is disclosed. The method comprises selecting two or more building conditions and moving a pointer to a construction drawing to select an area to perform takeoff of the multiple building conditions on. Once the area has been selected, the method and system automatically creates one or more live objects on the selected area for each of the selected building conditions and simultaneously quantifies each of the selected building conditions based on the size of the selected area.

Abstract: The difference between estimated costs predicted for performing a first workscope and actual costs for performing the first workscope is determined. The model used to generate the estimated costs is adjusted to compensate for the difference, resulting in an improved model. Before beginning a second scope of work that is comparable to the first workscope, the improved model is used to predict estimated costs and a price for the second workscope. The estimated costs for the second workscope include predicted productivity gains. The price for the second workscope can be reduced relative to the price for the first workscope as a result of the improved model and the predicted productivity gains.